Brilliant bayar da labarun baka Ivan Tolstoy

Mu duka - da masu karatu. Kowannenmu yana akalla daya littafin, amma karanta. Kuma shi ke nan lafiya. Saboda dabarun rubuce-rubuce na da wanda ban mamaki ingancin - shi ne ba kawai tarin bayanai da kuma bayanan game da tarihi da gaskiya ko game da mutum dangantaka, shi ne wani abu more. A karatu, mun sami kanmu a wannan lokaci, mun fahimci da kuma gaskata abubuwa da yawa, tuna da dangantaka tsakanin mutane.

Artwork rinjayar mu ciki kai, mu rai. Kuma sau nawa kada mu fahimci abin da aka rubuta? Domin menene? Abin da ake nufi da bayyana wadannan abubuwan? Amma akwai mutanen da suka ta da wadannan kaifi, sau da yawa m tambayoyi: Shin gaskiya tantance kerawa, ko wajaba a manta ko dauka up wannan ko da al'adu adadi. Amsa mana a kan dukkan tambayoyi taimaka masana tarihi na adabi, kamar Tolstoy, Ivan Nikitich.

Ivan Nikitich da iyalinsa

21 ga watan Janairu, 1958 a Birnin Leningrad, An haife Tolstoy Ivan Nikitich. The iyali a cikin abin da aka haife shi, da aka sani ga duk. Ivan Nikitich - jikan sanannen marubuci A. N. Tolstogo ta uba. Uwarsa ta gefe, Lozinskoy Natali Mihaylovny, - jikan mawãƙi Lozinskogo M. L. Uba - Soviet likita, Farfesa Tolstoy N. A. ta wa Michael ne ma wani likita, da 'yan'uwanku mãtã Natalia kuma Tatiana - marubuci.

A shekarar 1975 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare da kuma sa suna a cikin likita makaranta. Na yi karatu a can har shekara uku, a lokacin wanda ya sa aka sau biyu fitar daga shi. Ya ce Ivan Nikitich, a lokacin da Ya fitar da farko lokaci da kuma sake kafa, ya gane shi dole a sake, kamar yadda ya ba ya so ya yi nazarin a can. Dubi "kakan" genes shafa, shi ne ba su da sha'awar a magani. Wata rana matarsa gaya masa cewa, idan ka so philology, shi wajibi ne ya zama mai philologist. Saboda haka sai ya shiga philological baiwa na Leningrad University.

Jarrabawa da tarihi na ƙaura

Ya yi karatu a baya nan, saboda ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora a cikin Pushkin Mountains. Ko sa'an nan, ya kasance m tare da taken ƙaura. Kuma ko ta yaya gani a Pushkin ta ofishin dakatar da bayar girma na Nabokov ta "sharhin a kan labari" Eugene Onegin "," to lallashe da hukumomin ba da waɗannan littattafai da shi. Sun kasance a cikin harshen Turanci, da kuma a cikin sama, Ivan Nikitich Tolstoy yi wa'adi ga fassara shi a cikin Rasha for ma'aikata.

Nabokov fassara comment dogon, kawai lokacin da ya zo kare wata diploma. Ya shaida wa malamin cewa ya so a shirya domin topic na Diploma. Don abin da ya ce da Nabokov sunan kamata ba za a furta a wani Soviet jami'a, wajibi ne a nemi wani jigo. Dã taƙaitaccen labari a takaice dakatarda. Bayan samun digiri, ya sanar da Rasha harshen da kuma adabi a makarantar sakandare.

Narke da farko bugu

Duk wannan lokaci, ya yi karatu archives, akwai adabi da kuma rubuce-rubuce articles. Hakika na so a buga a shekaru 21, ya ambaci Ivan Tolstoy. Amma sanin ya kulawarka emigre adabi, babu littafin bai yi kuskure ya buga ta kayan. Kuma a cikin shekaru 25 da ta gaba ɗaya, an hana buga. Ya ta'azantad da kansa da cewa wannan ba har abada. Kuma haka ya faru. A shekarar 1986, da ban aka cire, da kuma hali zuwa Nabokov a kasar kadan warmer. Kuma a shekarar 1987, Ivan Nikitich aka farko da aka buga.

A lokaci guda, ya koyar a bugu da jin Cibiyar. A shekarar 1994 Nabokov kaiwa darussa a jami'a. Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita na "Star" mujallar, a mataimaki a cikin mujallar "Rasha ra'ayin". Yana ƙware a emigre adabi da tarihin, a kan adabi na zamani na Cold War.

wallafe-wallafen aikin

A 1992, Ivan Nikitich Tolstoy - manyan edita na wallafe-wallafe da gidan Tobias Grzhebina. Wallafa littattafai da marubuta wanda aka tilasta su zama a zaman talala, kazalika da ayyukan kishin baƙi da su rayuwa a kasashen waje. ya "kwarewa" edita a manyan tun shekarar 1994. Da aka buga fiye da 500 na littafinsa sake dubawa, articles da kuma sake dubawa. Author na "Italic zamanin", "Laundered Roman Zhivago."

Yau da kullum aikin jarida

Tun shekarar 1988, Ivan Tolstoy, wani dan jarida (aikin kai) zuwa "Radio Liberty". A karshen shekarar 1994, kamfanin gayyace shi zuwa jihar. Tun 1995 ya na zaune da kuma aiki a Prague. A cikin kalmomin Ivana Nikiticha, shi aiki mai girma. Babu wanda ba ya dora kome, ba tilasta rufe wasu batutuwa da ba saka abin da ya yi canja wuri. Topics ya ga dama. A da cikakken rai umurnin, ya ce Ivan Tolstoy, wanda biography iya kanta zama batu ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa shirye-shirye game da sanannen iyali na kirga Tolstoy.

Ivan Nikitich ba kawai a master of mai girma labaru gaya - wani m, m, mai haske. Amma babban mai gida don nemo su. Ya aiki tare da archives, a cikin magana, yana da matukar ban sha'awa, a sau loom m abubuwa da cewa bayyana da yawa daga cikin rayuwar ƙaura. Idan ka san da kuma tunanin da mahallin da cewa a cikin tarihi baya, da mamaki ban sha'awa hoton. Wannan shi ne daidai abin da ya kamata a tsunduma tarihi. Ivan Tolstoy nazarin kayan na jiya, wanda babu makawa zai kai ga a yau.

Tafiya Ivan Tolstoy

Ivan Nikitich kome taba ƙirƙirãwa. Duk da labarinsa ne bisa kawai a kan facts. Just da hujjojin da muhimmanci ga basira hada cikin wani mai jiwuwa dukan - a tarihi. Kwatanta wadannan hujjoji. Idan mun gwada shi dai itace mai ban sha'awa labarin. Sai dai matsalar ita, ya ce Ivan Tolstoy, yin haka m tarihi labari cewa shi ba kawai zai saurare. Amma kowa da kowa ya iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa shi ya faru, abin da yake da dangantaka da take tsakanin wani musamman taron.

Musamman mai bincike, ya shi ne mamaki ban sha'awa labaru ga masu karatu da kuma sauraronsa. Ivan Nikitich - manyan shirye-shirye, ciki har da "Myths bata masa suna." zagayowar marubucin "Radio Liberty watsa shirye-shiryen. Rabin karni a cikin iska. " Marubucin da kuma rundunar "The tarihi tafiya Ivana Tolstogo" da "matsaran gãdon" a kan tashar "Culture".

Da shirye-shiryen bude m labaru game da mutane, kayayyakin da events. Gwani na Rasha al'adu, wani m bayar da labarun baka da kuma wuce yarda da Malamai mutum. Ya kawai mesmerizing tafiyarka - a adabi, a lokaci.