Getman, Daniel (Danilo) Apostol

Danylo Apostol - mai haske siyasa adadi, wani wakilin shahara Cossack iyali, an haife shi a Poltava a kauyen Great Sorochintsy. A 1683, ya samu wani wasiyya da daga mahaifinsa, da hereditary Cossack Paul Ohrimovicha high daraja na kanar Mirgorod, wanda budewa kamar babu sauran kafin shi, ya yi aiki don isa Hetman ta mace.

Gwani soja harkokin

Hetman Danylo Apostol, wanda biography ne yafi hada da Martial yi, ya mai tsananin haske jami'in diflomasiyyar da gwani a soja al'amura. A shekarar 1689, a matsayin wani ɓangare na 40000th Cossack sojojin, ya halarci a cikin yakin da Perekop da Crimean Tatars, a 1693 da kuma 1696 saɓa wa Crimean Khanate. A 1697 ya sa a dama a cikin Rasha yaƙi da Turks daga 1700 zuwa 1706 ya yi yaƙi da Swedes, da ciwon da Cossack sojojin da dama nasara events: da shan kashi na sojojin Janar Schlippenbach da kwata 'yanci na Warsaw daga abokan gaba.

Ukraine - mai zaman kanta da kuma free

Danylo Apostol, kasancewa mai girma Bakan'ane na Ukraine da kuma kamar shiryayye Ivan Mazepa, ya goyi bayan manufofin na karshen, ya fito fili faruwa a cikin 1708, tare da Mirgorod rajimanti a gefe. Ko da yake ba ga tsawo ... Manzo so 'yanto Ukraine daga Moscow ta dogara da kuma haifar da wata jam'iyya da Sweden. Tare da wadannan tunani, sai ya juya zuwa Ivan Mazepa, amma, gamsu da rashin yiwuwar aiwatar da makircin, ta juya baya daga gare shi, kuma ya fara aiki a hankali tare da Moscow hukumomi da kuma aiki a kan su gefe a cikin tashin. A 1711 Danilo halarci Prut yaƙin neman zaɓe na Bitrus I matsayin mukaddashin hetman Ukrainian ƙulla, da kuma a 1722 ya jagoranci Cossack raka'a 10 000 mutane a Rasha sojojin taka wani ɓangare a yaƙin neman zaɓe da Farisa.

Daga baya Danylo Apostol suka zama abokai a cikin akida da ra'ayoyi tare da Paul Polubotko - nakaznym foreman, kuma tare da shi, dõmin nẽman yarjejeniyoyin da sassauta dokokin jihar hakkokin da Ukraine kafa Little Rasha Collegium. Ci gaba adawa da ayyukan da Rasha da manufofin zuwa Ukraine, ko da bayan kama sahabbansa.

Danylo Apostol: biography. zaben hetman

A 1727 da Great Council of Manzo an zabe hetman. Duk da shekaru 70 da haihuwa, da sabon zabe Hetman farincikin kafa aiki a kan kyautata na ruhaniya da kuma siyasa yanayi da cewa rinjaye a kasar bayan da aiki da Little Rasha Collegium. Kuma ko da yake Ukraine ya ba a Moscow shawara Naumov, da ɗan Daniel Apostol ya a Rasha a matsayin inshora da wani yiwu m na Moscow da mahaifinsa, Danylo Apostol (ta photo za ka iya gani a wannan labarin) a 1728 purposefully ziyarci St. Petersburg. Canza sarki (mutuwar Bitrus I, Accession zuwa kursiyin Bitrus II) bai daina Daniel da Manzo a cikin m nufi, da kuma a kan rana ta Accession zuwa kursiyin Bitrus II, ya yi} orafin ga dawowar Ukraine da haihuwa 'yancin walwala da kuma hakkin a karkashin sharuddan da kwangila a 1654, ya kammala tsakanin sarki da Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. A sakamakon wannan ziyara ya ƙuduri na sarki:

• to da kansa zabi Hetman.
• translation Hetman daga karkashin ikon mallaka majalisar dattijai karkashin ikon ma'aikatar harkokin waje.
• raguwa a yawan sojojin Rasha a kan ƙasa na Ukraine.
• haraji write-kashe, kidaya Little Rasha Collegium.

Sarki kuma ya soke tilasta cinikayya na musamman tare da Rasha da kuma fitarwa na kayayyakin ne kawai ta hanyar Rasha mashigai.

Hukunci maki ga Ukraine

Saboda haka, m dawowar Sarkin Ukraine, ta hakkoki da abubuwan da yanci ya kasance mai irin wata dabara mãsu bãyar da bãya, kuma wani mayar da martani ga canza siyasa halin da ake ciki. A a layi daya, kamar yadda wani mayar da martani ga sarki kamar yadda wani m mataki Danylo Apostol aka kafa da ake kira hukunci da maki wanda, zama a irin majalisu tsarin Hetman, tangibly yanke siyasa mulkin kai da ikon da hetman na Hagu-Bank Ukraine. A cewar shi hetman da bãbu wani hakki a gudanar da yin shawarwari da kuma amincewa da janar shugabanni da colonels. Yana da aka musamman a cikin iyawa na Rasha Tsar. matsayi na biyu ma'aji da aka gabatar don sarrafa hetman ta kudi, daya daga wanda shi ne wani wakilin Rasha gefe, na biyu - Ukrainian. Haraji a kan shigo da kaya zuwa Ukraine aka canjawa wuri zuwa fadar taskar. Wannan shi ne wani dabarun m da Ukraine ci gaba.

Hetman matakan inganta rayuwar a Ukraine

Farga da rashin bege na wani ƙoƙari na mayar da fifita ta da tsohon Hetman, Danylo Apostol (ya hoto da aka nuna a kasa) ya mayar da hankali da ayyukan a kan garambawul na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yanayi a Ukraine.

A shari'a garambawul Hetman muhimmanci kayyade bukatar tanadi "haihuwa lokuta", tabbatar da rashin gaskiya da adalci wajen yanke shawara da alƙalai, zabe da mutane. Don wannan karshen, a 1731 aka buga umarnin ga kotuna, wanda bayar ga yawan faduwa alƙalai a cikin Janar Kotun (6 persons for uku Ukrainians da kuma Russia), da kuma shugaban kotun ya hetman kansa.

Cikin aikin ManzonSa zuwa ga Hetman Danylo matsayi a fili gani tanadi, guda biyu tare da babban kwarewa. Famous kwamandan, Hetman a lokaci guda shi ne mai kyau tattalin arziki manajan - Oganeza, industrialists, 'yan kasuwa da kuma' yan kasuwa, da suka san yadda za a ƙidaya kudi.

Aikin a cikin maido da Hetman tattalin arzikin

Kamar yadda mai laushi mai shi, Hetman Danylo Apostol kulawa ta musamman wajen maido na Ukrainian tattalin arzikin, amma ta nasarori a wannan fannin, sun kasance suna fadin. Industries da manyan kamfanonin da manufactory aka located sun fi mayar a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Rasha hukumomi. Danylo Apostol kare bukatun Ukrainian cinikayya da nacewa a kan yarjejeniyoyin da Bitrus I gabatar da wani nuna bambancin tsarin. Saboda haka, a 1728, sai ya tattara a cikin Glukhov manzanni daga m guilds kuma tada batun tare da gwamnatin Rasha ya dauke da ban a kan fitarwa na Ukrainian dukiya - hatsi, yarn, da kakin zuma, da fata da sauransu.

Tun da lokaci da 1729-1731 shekaru aka sosai m da janar asusun da daraja ƙasashe Danilo Manzo rike da wani janar na gudanar da bincike da aka qaddamar, shi da za'ayi wani sosai duba na kadarori da kuma mayar da mafi yawan unrecorded yankunan. A binciken da aka dogara ne a kan tsira takardun da shaidar mutane wadanda rayuwarsu a lokacin da wadannan kasashe suka ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, to masu zaman kansu da ikon mallakar.

A gagarumin yawan Russia a Hetman ta gwamnati da aka rage. Kuwa an hana su saya a ƙasar Ukraine, amma so na add barin kasar karfafa da kuma financially goyon. Number of Rasha regiments aka iyakance zuwa shida a Ukraine.

A karkashin ikon hetman ta Cossacks an mayar da tilasta rayuwa a 1708 a kan ƙasa na Crimean Khanate. Har ila yau a 1734 suka yarda ta samar da wani sabon Sich a kan kogin karkashin kasa.

Hetman Danylo Apostol ya kuma fara warware matsalolin kudi a Ukraine, tana tabbatar da kasafin kudin a cikin adadin 144 dubu rubles a kowace shekara. Babban ɓangare na samun kudin shiga da haraji da aka kafa don fitarwa daga Ukraine na albarkatun kasa da kuma halin kaka raba tsakanin gwamnati, na yau da kullum da kuma harsunan 'yan barandan sojojin.

Danilo Manzo rawa a cikin tarihi na Ukraine

Board Danylo Apostol dade shida da rabi shekaru, da bara ya zahiri ba shi da lafiya. Amma wannan, duk da m tsangwama daga gwamnatin Rasha, bai hana shi a dukan lokaci kula da wani m yaki ga mulkin kai na Ukraine da kuma maido da hakkokin Ukrainian mutane. Lokacin da Danilo zaune a cikin manzanni, akalla partially, amma da aka gyara: rage outflow na yankunan karkara mazauna Dnieper, da kuma kara yawan 'yan gudun hijira dawo a kan Hagu Bank.

Hetman Danylo Apostol mutu Janairu 17, 1734 daga wani bugun jini, aka binne shi a kauyen Sorochintsy (yanzu Great Sorochintsy Mirgorod gundumar , Poltava yankin) a cikin shiri na ta wuraren Church of Transfiguration Ubangiji.

a ƙarshe

Hetman na mutum, ba mired a ƙarya, shi ya bayyana katako a cikin duhu sama na Ukrainian rayuwa; Ya yi kokari ya fi kyau don kare jama'a dama daga cikin Ukrainian mutane daga waje tasiri, kuma ya partially gudanar ya ci gaba da aiwatar da cikakken haɗin kai na Hetmanate a cikin tsarin da Rasha Empire.