Savva Mamontov: biography, na sirri rayuwa, da taimako da ayyukan, ban sha'awa facts

Masõyin arts Savva Ivanovich Mamontov zo daga wani m iyali. Ya aka haife Oktoba 2, 1841 a Siberian gari Yalutorovsk. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 8 da haihuwa, ya kuma iyãyensa koma Moscow. Uba Ivan farauta rahamar ruwan inabi. Tare da matarsa Mary da 'ya'ya bakwai, ciki har da' ya'ya mata biyu da suka mutu da wuri. Ivan ya koma Moscow bayan zama attajiri na farko guild, da kuma fara shugabancin duk kallafa maka tattalin arzikin lardin. Abubuwa m haura kan tudun, don haka da iyali zauna a wani babban hanya. A Mamontov aka hayar zuwa Meshchanskaya Street qasaita, wanda aka gudanar da soirees da bukukuwa.

yara

Ko da yake Santa mallakar m aji, da umarni a cikin iyali kasance sosai daban-daban daga gargajiya a cikin wannan yanayi. A wannan rayuwar iyali bautar wani muhimmin wuri adabi, art, wasan kwaikwayo, music. Ivan hali hali kamar wani English ubangijina fiye da wani m. Hakika, da hanyar rayuwa na babban jami'in karfi tasiri a kan bukatun da samu Savva Mamontov. Biography shuni, dã mun kasance daban-daban idan ba ga, ku ɗanɗani kansa iyali. Bugu da kari, da ilimi na yara maza tsunduma a malami, koyi da shi a kasashen waje harsuna da kuma Turai hali.

Da farko Sawa karatu a al'ada makaranta. Sa'an nan mahaifinsa canjawa wuri shi zuwa Institute of Civil Engineers Corps a St. Petersburg. Wannan shawarar da aka mai tunani. Just to da layin dogo yi da aka ɓullo da a Rasha. Engineering sana'a a general sun zama musamman rare. Mai dalibi, duk da haka, ya ƙaunace ta Jamus harshe. Bayan shekaru biyu, mahaifinsa ya tafi da shi daga St. Petersburg, saboda na annoba da mulufi zazzabi.

matasa

A shekaru 19, Savva Mamontov biography cewa bambanta da yawa m jũya, ya shiga cikin Metropolitan University, amma daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow, inda ya zaɓi Faculty of Law. Duk da wannan specialization, babban bege na saurayi ne gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ba miss guda m farko, da kuma juya su a cikin Moscow kawo dukkan. By Mamontov ko duba kawai amnestied da Decembrists.

Ivan ci gaba da samu nasarar gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci. Ya yi da dama da 'ya'ya, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ba su da sha'awar a kasuwanci. Fatan aka liƙe wa mahaifinsa Sava. A 1862 ya aiko da dan wa Baku, inda ya kasance je kasuwanci kula da harkokin cinikayya da Transcaspian. Bayan 'yan watanni Savva Mamontov, wanda biography ya sanya wani wandar-wandar tafiyar maciji, ya zama shugaban tsakiya Moscow ofishin na kungiyar.

A 1864, da kasuwa tafi Italiya. Na farko, ya so ya yi tare da su kiwon lafiya, da kuma abu na biyu, za a dubi siliki cinikayya. A saboda wannan dalili aka zaba Lombardy. An dade kasance sanannen domin ta sakar siliki da masana'antu da kuma sericulture. A Milan, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov gana da gida almara gidan wasan kwaikwayo "La Scala" inda ya sa mafi kyau a duniya wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. The m ya kasance tsanani sha'awar a cikin wannan irin art, kuma ko da ya fara kai mai son tsarkakewa darussa.

Personal rai

Sun Savva Mamontov, wanda sirri rai ya ci gaba musamman da kyau, ya sadu da matar nan gaba Elizabeth Sapozhnikova a lokacin da ya fara Italian tafiya. A yarinya mahaifina shi ne wani shahararren m siliki, domin aure ne kawai ƙarfafa Sava tsanani zamantakewa matsayi na iyalinsa.

Ivan Elizabeth sosai, kuma shi ne tare da farin ciki mai yawa amince da zabin da ɗansa. Bayan wani festive bikin, biyu suka tafi zuwa Italiya sake - wannan lokaci domin gudun amarci. Savva Mamontov matarsa, ta haifa mijinta da 'ya'ya biyar. Su ya Faith aka zāna fenta Valentin Serov a cikin sanannen zanen "Girl tare da Peaches".

Tycoon magaji

Uba savvy Ivan Fedorovich mutu a 1869, bayan da iyalinsa kasuwanci shige wa ɗansa. Magaji taimake iyaye da wasu mataimaka. Tare da su matasa kasuwa ba kawai kiyaye su, amma kuma ninka da iyayentaka al'adunmu. Saboda haka, a 1872, a kansa, daga Society na Moscow-Yaroslavl Railway samu wani sabon darektan - Savva Mamontov. Biography m an hade da wani iri-iri na kasuwanci yankunan. Lokaci guda tare da layin dogo ya mallakar da cinikayya ofishin, wanda kawota kayan gini. Mamontov hankali yin amfani da su kai da kuma wani aiki da zamantakewa da rayuwa.

Iyali gida Savva shi ne Abramtsevo Estate, saya daga marubuci Sergei Aksakov. The biyu ji cewa su yara girma mafi kyau a kasar nan daga matsala da kuma m yanayi. Ko da yaushe bambanta da exuberant soyayya na cikin ayyukan da magnate yi Abramtzevo m gidan gona tare da kansa makaranta, coci, greenhouses, gidãjen Aljanna, a asibiti, wata gada kuma a dam a kan Ɓarawo River.

Bono

A duk da tattalin arziki aiki, da m ci gaba su zama sha'awar art. Ya ya saba da duk manyan jam'iyyu na kasa da masana na zamaninsa. A Abramtsevo ko da kafa wani da'irar artists, shirya kansa ya Savva Mamontov. Ban sha'awa facts na rayuwa ilimi da kuma majiɓinci, ya hada da labarai na wani babbar ma'amaloli da kuma harkokin kasuwanci. Mamontov samu m daraja bayan gama shiri da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin reluwe a cikin Donetsk ci tasa. Communications aka gina a 1882. Shekaru takwas daga baya, Savva sayar da shi zuwa jihar domin a arziki.

Musamman rauni Mamontov ya ga artists. Ya kasance abokai da Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov da sauran painters. The m ya kasance dangi na kafa wata babbar Moscow gallery Pavel Tretyakov.

art majiɓinci,

majiɓinci, Savva Mamontov taimako artists ba kawai abi'a amma kuma financially, idan ya cancanta. Ya kasance mai godfather zuwa yawa matasa talanti. Painters watanni zauna dama a gidansa. Saboda Savva Ivanovich ya miƙe tsaye taurari kamar Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin da Serov. Wasu daga cikin zane-zane da cewa sun zama gane litattafansu sa'an nan, aka fentin a Estate Mamontov. Ko da yake m da aka ba tsunduma kai tsaye a tattara zane-zane ya zaunar tare da zargin sabon idon sani daga art duniya.

Bono Savva gaske taimaka matasa artists-Wanderers. A 1880, da most wurare dabam dabam na album aka saki a kan m kayan aikin. Mamontov kuma shirya art nune-nunen a Moscow. Tare da noblewoman Maria Tenisheva ya kudi da sanannen mujallar "World of Art".

Passion for music da wasan kwaikwayo

A zanen da aka ba kawai amfani da m. Music - wannan shi ne wani art da rashin lafiya Savva Mamontov. Ban sha'awa facts game da dandani suna da kyau a san yau da kullum da lãbãri suna aiki shirya a gidansa. Ga busa ayyuka da Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky da kuma sauran shahararrun composers. Ba ya zura kwallo vocal darussa Mamontov ya wani lokacin ya yi magana da baƙi. Ya kuma yana da aiwatar da wasannin gida wasanni. A daya daga cikin wasanni da ya buga matasa Konstantin Alexeev, wanda daga baya ya zama wata duniya-mashahuri wasan kwaikwayo darektan Stanislavsky.

A 1882, masu zaman kansu troupes aka bashi dama a Rasha. Daya daga waɗanda suka nan da nan ya yi amfani da sabon zarafi ya zama Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo ya ba kawai wani Haven ga artists. Shuni sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma cike da hushi dismissive hali na Rasha jama'a to da irin wannan fasaha, na yanke shawarar shirya wasan kwaikwayo ta productions. Ya mafarkin na cikakken aiki a kan mataki, wanda zai iya gama aikin kida, artists, da mawaƙa, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Babu wani abu kamar m productions ba tukuna bambanta.

A selection na wani sabon nagartattu na Savva Mamontov taimake shugaba Nikolai Krotkov. Da shirya yanke shawarar gayyatar matasa artists, ba da jawabai a Jihar Theater. Mamontov kansa don ƙirƙirar da wasan kwaikwayo bai rike da wani ofishin, amma kai a kai halarci rehearsals da kuma magana da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

nasu kamfanin

A farkon 1885, a wani gini da mallakar Lianozovo wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko da yi Mamontov "Mermaid" nagartattu sa a kan ayyuka da composers Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Kayan ado aka halitta shi Isaakom Levitanom da Apollinary Vasnetsov. Sa'an nan, su ma suka yi aiki a kan sauran productions ( "Faust" da "Merry Mata na Windsor"). Babu shakka cewa "m yara" Savva Mamontov zama na farko da Rasha wasan kwaikwayo artists. Har sai wannan lokacin, tsanani artists ba shiga a cikin shimfidar wuri domin productions, la'akari da shi bai dace ba to matakin craft. Akwai wani alkuki illustrators depicting guda opera bango shimfidar wuri: tsoho kango, na da gidãjen, yanayin Italiya. Company "Railway Sarki" canza kafa domin.

Domin quite lokaci mai tsawo, wani gwaji opera Mamontov ya ba wani rabo da masu sauraro. Shafa da rashin kwarewa da matasa "untried" 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. A kasuwa, duk da haka, da kyau bari saukar da makamai, duk da caustic jawabinsa a cikin latsa kuma zargi na da abokai suka yi ĩmãni da tsanani magnate kada tafiyar da irin wannan maganar banza. A farko high-profile yawon shakatawa na wasan kwaikwayo ya faru ne kawai a cikin 1898 lokacin da kamfanin lashe Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Bugu da kari a wadannan Monuments a Sergiev Posad da Yaroslavl, wani farɗan mai tunawa Savva Mamontov - da artists, sanya shahara da ya wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Wadannan sun hada da star Chaliapin scene composers Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov da Mussorgsky.

ban sha'awa facts

Taimaka Mamontov aka bai iyakance don kawai daya art. Na dogon lokaci shi ne shugaban a Delvigovskom Railway makaranta a Moscow. Savva kudi da gina makarantu, ciki har da a arewacin kasar. Suka kafa Kostroma masana'antu kwaleji. A St. Petersburg, shirya tycoon edition bambanta m ra'ayoyi na jaridar "Rasha." Yana da aka rufe a 1902, bayan ya bayyana Skit yin fun daga gidan sararta.

Charity amfani da arewa daga Santa zo tare da gina layin dogo a Arkhangelsk. Wannan aikin ne halin da musamman mawuyaci da wahala. Daga farkon, ya bai alkawari sauri da kuma a bayyane albashi. Savva dauki up gina kawai daga abin nufi da jama'a wajibi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da abin da sabon layin zai gaggauta habaka ci gaban tattalin arziki na arewa.

A hanya zuwa Arkhangelsk aka kammala a 1897. Yana da aka bayar da muhimmanci duka biyu ga yankin Arewa, da kuma ga dukan ƙasar. Duk da ikon yinsa, daga ayyukan, Savva bai nemi jama'a fitarwa. Ya aka ba neman darajõji, kuma awards, ba su da alaka da cikin iko da zama. Duk da haka, tycoon da babban alheri da patrons. Daya daga cikin su an dauke da Ministan kudi Sergei Witte. Bayan da gina layin dogo a Arkhangelsk ya sanya wani jami'in awarding Santa Order of St. Vladimir na hudu mataki.

Fatarar da karshe shekaru

A 1890 Savva Morozov dauki up da most harkokin kasuwanci da aikin. Yana kunshi a cikin halittar kungiyoyin sufuri da masana'antu Enterprises. Domin wannan tycoon sayi wasu m, kuma m shuke-shuke zamani. Gyara kudin na babba kashe kudi. Savva Mamontov iyali hankali rasa more kuma mafi kudi. A 1898, gano kansu a cikin wani mawuyacin hali, da dan kasuwa ya yanke shawarar a kan wani m kudi ma'amala tare da hannun jari na Yaroslavl reluwe. A sakamakon sayar da Securities Mamontov ƙarshe ya tafi fatara.

Kokarin tserewa daga kudi lalata, shuni samu jiha amince da kayen da za a gina wata reluwe daga St. Petersburg don Vyatka. Duk da haka, wannan kawai aggravated halin da ake ciki. A 1899, a Santa gudu daga kudi, ba ya iya biya da mahara bashi. Haka kuma, jihar wakilta ma'aikatar kudi nada wani duba, a hanya.

Al'amarin ya tafi kotu. Savva watanni da dama da aka aika zuwa kurkuku, ya aka hana dukiya. Kasuwa da ake zargi da almubazzaranci. A fitina, ya kare da fice wakilin kasa bayar da shawarwari Fedor Plevako. Mamontov da aka wanke, sai aka saki a karkashin tafi da jama'a. Duk da haka, babu babban birnin kasar ya riga ya ragu. Rayuwa balance Savva gudanar daga jama'a rayuwa. Bayan da fitina, ya koma wani karamin gida a kusa da Butyrskaya Gate. Mamontov magana ne kawai tare da kananan da'irar tsohon abokai, tsakanin wanda aka sanannun a ko'ina cikin kasar artists da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Maecenas mutu Afrilu 6, 1918 yana da shekaru 76 years. Aka binne shi a kauyen Abramtsevo.