Famous Rasha masana kimiyyar da zaman lafiya da kuma bude su

Promotion na kimiyya - mai yawa talented da kuma kwazo da mutane suka ba su ji tsoro a lokacin da aka sa a gaba da jarrabawa game da yin wani aikin ƙirƙira wani sabon na'urar. Kammalã bil'adama na kowane karni ga mai yawa na musamman, ban sha'awa da kuma muhimmanci binciken a fagen ilmin halitta. Wanda su ne waɗanda suka tabbata Rasha? Su wane ne waɗannan shahara masana kimiyyar?

Daga tsufa ga XIX karni

Famous masana kimiyyar da su binciken sun fara bayyana na dogon lokaci. Ko a zamanin da, idan har daga cikin tambaya ga wannan wata kimiyya, akwai mutane da wanda ya so ya fahimta da asirai na duniya. Yana irin wannan shahara mutum, kamar yadda Aristotil, Pliny, Dioscorides.

Biology matsayin kimiyya fara fito fili kusa da 17 karni. Bayyana systematics na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta aka haife tarbiyya kamar ilimin, Physiology. Ci gaba wajen samar da ilmin jikin mutum: akwai bude na biyu wurare dabam dabam, da aka fara karatu ja jini Kwayoyin da maniyyi daga dabbobi. Famous masana kimiyyar na lokaci - yana da Uilyam Garvey, A. Leeuwenhoek, T. Morgan.

XIX da XX karni - shi ne ganiya da sabon binciken da canza duniya. Cikin shahararrun masana kimiyyar da suka rayu a lokacin, sun iya tremendously canza hanya na kimiyya. Muhimmancin da 19-20th ƙarni, ba za a iya overstated, saboda asali shiriritar da kuma sababbin abubuwa bayyana kawai a wannan lokacin, ba kawai a cikin ilmin halitta, amma kuma a wasu fannonin kimiyya. Watakila mafi muhimmanci nazarin da aka gudanar ne kawai ta hanyar mutane kamar Pavlov, Vernadsky, Mechnikov da kuma wasu sanannun Rasha masana kimiyyar.

Zhan Batist Lamark

An haife shi a 1744 a Picardy. Na sa a gaba da jarrabawa juyin halitta na rayuwa a duniya, don abin da ta kira precursor na Darwin. Har ila yau Lamarck gabatar Kalmar "nazarin halittun" da qaddamar tarbiyya kamar ilmin dabbobi da kuma binciken burbushin halittu kwaro.

Antoni Van Levenguk (1632-1723)

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Leeuwenhoek fara aiki a cikin saba gilashin polisher. A 'yan shekarun baya, ya zama a master a cikin aikinsa, wanda ya taimake shi don tsara shirin da kansa microscope 200 sau magnification. Tare da wannan madubin, Leeuwenhoek gano free-rai kwayoyin - kwayoyin da protists.

Har ila yau, masanin kimiyya na farko ya tabbatar da cewa da jini ne wani ruwa da manyan yawan Kwayoyin. maikacin jini, da ja jini Kwayoyin aka kuma bude Leeuwenhoek.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

I. P. Pavlov aka haife shi a Ryazan a 1849. Bayan kammala karatu daga seminary a garinsu, da ya yanke shawarar danganta rayukansu tare da kimiyya. Future masanin kimiyya sauke karatu daga Medico-M Academy, shan kan daga malamai rinjãye na wukar yin aikin tiyata. Abin da aka nasarar cimma shahararrun masana kimiyyar na karni na 19th?

Research aiki na Pavlova da aka bisa ga juyayi tsarin ayyuka. Ya yi karatu da tsarin da kwakwalwa, mai aiwatar da watsa daga jijiyar. Kamar yadda wani masanin kimiyya tsunduma a gudanar da bincike na narkewa kamar tsarin, ga wanda ya karbi kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 1904. Kafin rasuwarsa, I. P. Pavlov yi aiki a matsayin rector na Cibiyar Physiology na Academy of Sciences.

Kamar yadda da dukan sanannun masana kimiyyar Pavlov kashe mafi ransa to kimiyya. Game da shekaru 35 ya na da hannu a cikin nazarin alaka da tsakiya m tsarin da siffofin na m hali. The masanin kimiyyar ya zama wanda ya kafa wani sabon shugabanci a kimiyya - Physiology na mafi girma m aiki. A nazarin da aka gudanar a dakin gwaje-gwaje, shafi tunanin mutum da asibitoci da kuma kennels ga dabbobi. A general, duk da yanayi na al'ada aikin da aka bayar da gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet, t. Don. A sakamakon bincike sun taimaka wajen yin babban mataki wajen kimiyya da juyin juya halin a fagen na tsarin jijiya aiki.

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky

Kusan duk sanannun Rasha masana kimiyyar sun fice chemists, lissafin kimiyya da lissafi. A daukan hankali misali - V. I. Vernadsky, mai girma zurfin tunani, masanin kimiyya, bincike.

Vernadsky aka haife shi a 1863, a St. Petersburg. Bayan gama da Faculty of ilimin lissafi da kuma Physics Peterburg University, ya fara zuwa karatu da kaddarorin na rediyoaktif abubuwa, da abun da ke ciki na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi, da tsarin da ma'adanai. Bincike ya ba impetus ga kafa wani sabon horo - biogeochemistry.

Vernadsky ma sa a gaba ya jarrabawa game da ci gaban da biosphere a kan wanda duk kwayoyin suna zaune al'amarin. Shafe rediyoaktif kayan a cikin hasken rana sake zagayowar, ya sõyayya da rai ko maras rai, a wani nazarin halittu tsarin.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

Famous masana kimiyyar na karni na 19th sanya da yawa binciken a fagen Physiology da immunology mutum.

Mechnikov aka haife shi a 1845 a kauyen Ivanovka Kharkov lardin, ya kammala karatunsa a 1862 da kuma sa suna a cikin School of Physics da lissafi Faculty of Kharkov University. Bayan kammala karatunsa a jami'a masanin kimiyya ya fara gudanar da bincike a fagen embryology na kwaro.

A 1882 Mechnikov gana da Lui Pasterom, wanda yayi masa aiki mai kyau a cikin Pasteur University. Ilya Ilyich yi aiki a can shekaru da dama. A wannan lokaci ya ba kawai sanya 'yan cikin muhimmanci binciken a fagen embryology, amma kuma ya fara karatu irin mamaki a matsayin phagocytosis. A gaskiya, Mechnikov kuma kasance na farko da ya gano shi a kan leukocytes misali.

A 1908 da masanin kimiyyar karbi Nobel Prize for ci gaban da immunology da kuma magani. Ta hanyar bincike, wadannan tarbiyya sun iya hawa zuwa gaba matakin.

Swordsmen har karshen rayuwarsa ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Paris , kuma ya mutu bayan da dama zuciya harin.

Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

Famous Rasha masana kimiyyar iya fariya muhimmancin fitar da sakamakon bincikensa. Na yi ba togiya kuma NI Vavilov - Microbiologist, botanist, inji physiologist, falaki da geographer.

Vavilov aka haife shi a 1887 a Moscow. Daga farkon yara yana sha'awar tattara shuke-shuke, da jawo herbarium, nazarin sinadaran Properties na abubuwa. Ba mamaki, nan gaba wurin binciken zai zama Moscow aikin gona Institute, inda ya ya iya nuna su iyawa.

A mafi muhimmanci samu na Vavilov - shi ne dokar homologue jerin da ya bayyana parallelism cikin gādon dabiu na ƙarni da dama na kwayoyin. Masu bincike ya gano cewa tsakanin hankali da alaka da nau'in samu m alleles na wannan gene. Wannan sabon abu ne a yi amfani da kiwo don hango ko hasashen zai yiwu Properties na shuke-shuke.

Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Famous masana kimiyyar yi aiki ba kawai a fagen o, Anatomy, Physiology, amma kuma ciyar da sabon horo. Alal misali, DI Ivanovsky ya bayar da gudunmawar ga ci gaban virology.

Ivanovski sauke karatu daga St. Petersburg University a 1888 a sashen o. A karkashin shiryarwar talented malamai, ya yi karatu shuka Physiology da ilimin, wanda a yarda da shi a sami tushen abu don ya nan gaba binciken.

Dmitry I. bincike a kan taba. Ya lura da cewa causative wakili na taba mosaic ba bayyane a cikin mafi yawan iko microscope kuma ba ya girma a kan talakawa gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai. Daga baya, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa akwai kwayoyin noncellular asalin cewa sa wadannan cututtuka. Ivanovo kira su da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma tun da ya kasance farkon wannan sashe na ilmin halitta kamar yadda virology, wanda ya kasa yin wasu shahararrun masana kimiyyar na duniya.

ƙarshe

Wannan ba wani cikakken jerin masana kimiyya suka kasance iya tasbĩhi game da nazarin Rasha. Famous masana kimiyyar da su binciken sun ba impetus ga ci gaban ingancin kimiyya. Saboda haka, za mu iya gaskiya da kira 19-20-karni ganiya na kimiyya aiki, lokacin babban binciken.