Femur: tsarin, aiki, da lalacewar

A mafi girma tsawon wata tubular kashi na jikin mutum shi ne a femur. Features duk dogon ƙasũsuwa - shi ne gaban na jiki da kuma gẽfe guda biyu.

Location of shugaban kashi dogara ne a kan babba karshen na proximal, shi hidima haɗi zuwa pelvic kashi. Direction ya juya daga tsakiya kuma upwardly faye hali fuska na kai, da ake kira hadin gwiwa. A cikin hedkwatarsu da ne fovea na femoral shugaban na jiki, shi ne wurin shugabancin jijiyoyin haɗa da ƙasũsuwa. Kai da wuya shiga jikin kashi, kafa tare da shi wani kwana na ɗari da talatin da digiri.

A cikin wuyansa, kuma jikin iyakar ne biyu manyan fitar kasusuwan jikinsu protuberance, ya kira wani tofa. Location of mafi trochanter yana a kan ta tsakiya surface, wadda ke fuskantar wuyansa, trochanteric fossa. Shi ne a saman da laterally. The karami trochanter aka located ya juya daga tsakiya kuma posteriorly a kusa da ƙananan gefen wuyansa. Biyu daga cikin wadannan da trochanter intertrochanteric layi a haɗa su da baya, ya kira intertrochanteric dagi.

A femur, ko kuma wajen da ta jiki, da cylindrical siffar, wanda shi ne mai lankwasa convex ɓangare na gaba, da kuma a kusa da a tsaye axis, shi ya dubi yadda idan juya. kashi jiki yana da wani m surface, da mayar da akwai wani layi wanda shi ne dan kadan m, kuma shi ne zuwa kashi biyu lebe - tsakiya kuma a kaikaice. A tsakiyar femur haɗu da lebe a hankali, da kuma manya da ƙananan shugabanci, suka fara zuwa diverge. Dukansu lebe suna directed zuwa trochanter - ƙanana da manyan. Kaikaice lebe ƙaruwa da kuma zama yawa thicker, bayan wucewa cikin gluteal tuberosity, wanda shi ne wani wuri inda ta dora gluteal tsoka. Wani lokaci wannan daukan nau'i tuberosity na uku trochanter. tsakiya lebe jũya a cikin wani m line. Kai ƙananan ƙarshen femur, da leɓɓa biyu diverge, forming da popliteal surface da ciwon alwatika siffar.

A distal ƙarshen kashi ne dan kadan kumbura, forming biyu manyan condyles taso siffar. Wadannan condyles daban-daban size da kuma digiri na curvature na articular surface.

Da tsakiya condyle na ya fi girma a kaikaice ne karami. Dukansu condyle a wannan matakin, suka rabu da baya tsakanin wani rami, wanda ake ce da intercondylar. Sama da tsakiya condyle articular surface yana da wani tsakiya epicondyle, kuma a kaikaice gefen kuma a kaikaice condyle yana epicondyle, wanda size ne muhimmanci fiye da karami da tsakiya. Gaba na biyu condyles hadin gwiwa saman cikin juna. Wannan siffofin suprapatellaris concave surface to wanda shi ne a haɗe da raya gefe na patella.

Tun da femur adam kashi ne mafi girma a kashi, shi ne mafi fallasa su daban-daban deformations. A mafi tsanani daga gare su sun karye. Lokacin da karya da ilimin Halittar Jiki mutunci da ƙasũsuwa - wannan ne karaya. A dalilan da ya iya zama daban-daban: kai tsaye hit a cinya, wani digo na da daskararrun abubuwa da kuma more. Idan wani karye femur, to, wannan ciwo yana dauke tsanani. Wannan na iya zama gagarumin jini da asarar da zafi tura. Hakika, yana tafe ne ba zai yiwu ba, da kuma wani kaya a kan ya shafa reshe ma shafe ta. Kafa wanda ya halartar nakasawa taqaitaccen. Manyan kayayyakin da wata gabar jiki iya lalace a sakamakon korar da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa, musamman a cikin ƙananan uku, a lokacin da gudun hijira da baya da baya otlomok tareda žata da popliteal jijiya, game da shi, haddasa profuse zub da jini. Femur dole ne a gyarawa nan da nan. Ne superimposed bas ne maganin sa barci, sa'an nan aka azabtar da aka tsĩrar da su da Department of Traumatology.

A tsarin da femur ne musamman sauki, amma shi ya cika da babban aiki - rike jiki nauyi da kuma jiki da kanta a balance, aka hannu a hadaddun motor magudi, shi ne dalilin da sanarwa akan abinda ƙananan extremities da kafafuwa. Wadannan dama ya ba ta sosai yanayi, sabili da haka dangantaka da harkokin kiwon lafiya da kuke bukata.