Finland: wani nau'i na gwamnati, janar bayanai

Finland - a kasar a arewacin Turai. Yana da suna da mafi kyau da kuma mafi barga kasashen duniya. Mene ne halaye da kuma siffofin da Finland yana da? A tsari na gwamnati, yanki da kuma bayanin irin yawan jama'a, gani daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

labarin kasa

Finland da hannun jari kan iyakoki da Norway, da Rasha, Sweden. By teku ta hannun jari kan iyakoki da Estonia (a cikin Gulf of Finland), da kuma Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia). A fannin Finland ne 338 430 053 murabba'in kilomita. Fiye da 20% na kasar ya ta'allaka sama da Arctic Circle.

A bakinta da babban yankin lullube for 46.000 kilomita. Bugu da kari, Finland nasa ne fiye da 80 000 tsibiran da archipelagos. Mafi shahara ne Turku tarin tsiburai da Aland Islands.

A fannin tsakanin Gulf of Finland da kuma Gulf of Bothnia ne cikin tarin tsiburai Sea. Wannan sashe, wanda ya mayar da hankali mai yawa da kananan tsibiran, inda ba wanda yake zaune kankara da kuma skerries. Su total number kai 50 000, abin da ya sa cikin tarin tsiburai mafi girma a kasar.

Jihar ƙasa lullube a cikin Meridian shugabanci. Yana lullube daga arewa zuwa kudu ne 1030 km, da nisa daga yamma zuwa gabas - 515 km. Tsororuwar - Dutsen Halti - ƙasar hannun jari tare da Norway. A Finland, rufinta ne 1324 mita.

Finland: wani nau'i na gwamnati da kuma tsarin siyasa

Finland ne unitary jihar, inda Azerbaiyán da m cin gashin. A matsayi na musamman daga cikin tsibiran ma'anar Swedish hukuma harshen fid da mazaunan ƙasar daga cikin soja sabis (kamar yadda tsayayya da sauran Finland), kyale ka ka yi da kansa majalisar dokokin kasar, kuma fiye da.

Finland - da majalisar dokokin-shugaban jamhuriyar. The shugaban jihar - da shugaban kasar, wanda wa'adinsa a ofishin yana shekaru shida. Babban harkokin mulki Tsarin na kasar suna located a babban birnin kasar - da birnin Helsinki. A tsarin shari'a yana da dama rassan da aka raba yakin, laifi da administrative kotu.

The dokokin kasar da su ne bisa Swedish ko da yakin dokar. Ganin cewa kasar - da majalisar dokokin-shugaban jamhuriyar, majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma shugaban kasar ne da alhakin majalisu reshe. A zartarwa ikon da aka bada a cikin kasar da kuma majalisar kasa.

Wanne yankin raka'a raba Finland? A siffar kasar na Board ya shafi wani bit rikitarwa division. A dukan ƙasar da aka raba yankuna, sun kasu kashi birnin, wanda a nuna an rarraba su zuwa municipalities. Kowane naúrar na da controls. A total na 19 yankuna na kasar.

A kasar ta yawan

A kasar na da game da miliyan 5.5 mutane. The yawan Finland su ne mafi yawa gida kawai biyar da cent na kasar ƙasa. Total yawan girma ne korau, da haihuwa kudi ne m mace-mace. Duk da haka, jimlar yawan mazaunan qara.

A cikin 'yan shekaru,' yan ƙasa na wasu ƙasashe zambar game da 4%. The yawan Finland a 89% aka wakilta Finns. 'Yan tsiraru su ne babbar kasa Finnish Swedes. Rasha 1,3%, kusan 1% mallakar Estonians. Yana yana da mafi ƙasƙanci yawan Sami kuma Roma.

A farko mafi magana da harshen - Finnish, aka faɗa ta fiye da 90% na al'ummar jihar. Tare da Swedish ne hukuma harshen Finland. Yaren mutanen Sweden ce kawai 5.5% na yawan jama'ar, yafi a cikin Aland Islands, a yammacin da kuma kudancin sassan jihar. Daga cikin baƙi yada Rasha, Somali, Larabci da Turanci.

tattalin arzikin

Finnish rabo a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya suna fadin cinikayya shi ne 0.8% a samar - game da 5%. Wannan shi ne wani karamin sosai raya masana'antu kasar. GDP da capita ne game da 45 dubu daloli. Finland ta kasa kudin - da Yuro, har 2002 sarrafa Finnish mark.

A cikin masana'antu lissafta ga mafi girma a rabo na tattalin arzikin (33%). Babban masana'antu ne inji-gini, metallurgy, woodworking, haske da abinci masana'antu. Noma, aka mayar da hankali a kan namo hatsi shũka da dabbõbi kiwo. Yana lissafinsu 6% da kuma gandunan daji - 5%.

A Finland, da samun saurin bunkasuwar filin na Internet fasahar, da kara zuba jari kyawawa. Korau dalilai na tattalin arzikin ne manyan waje basusuka na kasar da kuma underdeveloped kasuwannin gida.

Kusan rabin yawan mutane, an aiki a cikin sabis na kansu, da masana'antu da kuma cinikayya, 28% suna aiki a cikin kurmi kansu, 12% - a cikin kifi. A Finland, akwai wani Trend zuwa wani tsufa, yawan, wanda ya hada da barnatar da rinjayar da tattalin arzikin kasar Sin.

yanayi

Finland ne sau da yawa ake kira da Land of Dubu Lakes, su ne fiye da 180 da dubu. Mafi yawansu, tare da Marshes da swamps, aka located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na kasar. The most ne Lake Inari, Oulujärvi, Saima, Pyayanne. Duk da tabkuna suna da alaka kananan koguna, wanda sukan kafa waterfalls, sashen kogin da kuma sashen kogin.

Area Finland 60% aka rufe da gandun daji. A taimako ne wakilta undulating filayen a gabas - tudu. Tsororuwar aka located a arewa, a cikin sauran kasar kada ku ƙetare a ƙasar tudu uku da ɗari mita. A kan samuwar da taimako ƙwarai rinjayi glaciation.

A kasar na da temperate sauyin yanayi, da nahiyar a arewacin, da sauran - miƙa mulki daga nahiyar zuwa Maritime. Active hazo bikin a ko'ina cikin shekara. Summer kwanaki ne musamman tsawo da sanyi, kai har zuwa 19 hours. A kan m arewacin yankunan ƙi ba ya faruwa ga 73 days. Winters, a akasin haka, short da kuma sanyi.

Flora da fauna

Finland ne halin da dama Flora da fauna. Gandun daji rufe fiye da 20 kadada miliyan kasar. Wannan shi ne yafi Pine gandun daji, located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare. Suna girma babban adadin berries (blueberry, Cranberry, rasberi, da sauransu. D.) Kuma fungi. A kudancin yankunan mamaye Beech gandun daji.

A arewacin kasar ne low ciyayi. Akwai wani gandun daji, amma rayayye girma ciyawa cloudberries, kafa dukan ƙunci. Spring ciyayi kunshi tsirũruwa dabam-dabam, kamar hepatica, uwa-da-uwar rana.

A fauna yana da kyau wakilci tsuntsaye. A Finland live whooper Swans, wanda sun zama wata alama ce da kasar. Ga za ka iya samun kananan tsuntsaye, lapwing, blackbirds, starlings, herons, cranes. A cikin jerin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna wolverines, Lynx, yawo squirrels, otters, ruwan kasa beyar, Myotis, Wolves, ferrets kuma, ba shakka, reindeer.

ban sha'awa facts

• A Finland akwai 38 na kasa Parks, tafiya a kan doka ta zuwa da yardar kaina. Daga cikin wadannan, akwai mutane da yawa da filin ajiye motoci wurare ga dare.
• Tap ruwa a wannan kasar da aka dauke su purest a duniya.
• Don ganin Arewa Lights, ba lallai ba ne su yi tafiya mai nisa. Watch ta iya zama ko da a cikin kudancin kasar.

• Local wasanni ne "Nordic tafiya." Yana da wani na kowa wasanni tafiya tare da ski sandunan zuwa nauyi. Tsunduma a cikinsa, ko a lokacin rani.
• A kan talakawan, kowane Finn jan a kan dubu biyu da kofuna waɗanda kofi a kowace shekara. Domin wannan, suka sanã'anta da lakabi na duniya kofi masoya.
• A wani karamin gari a Finland yana yiwuwa su hadu barewa ko kai tsaye a kan titi.

ƙarshe

A kasar dubban tabkuna da kuma "tsakar dare rana" - shi ne Finland. Jihar nau'i na gwamnati - a jamhuriyar. Yana da wani unitary kasar, a cikin abin da yake a ƙasa tare da matsayi na musamman. Babban birnin a kasar ne Helsinki.

Kare Muhalli halin da ake ciki a Finland da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya. Ko daga cikin taps gudãna bayyana ruwa a nan. A m ƙasa na kasar da aka rufe da Pine da Beech gandun daji, Berry bushes da yawa tabkuna. Kuma gwamnatin hankali tsare ta musamman shimfidar.