Babban siffofin gwamnati

Kalmar "nau'i na gwamnati" tana nufin wani irin tsarin da kungiyar da kuma hulda da hakan hukumomin kasar. Akwai iri biyu na tsarin: jumhuriyar da daular mulkinsu.

The kalmar "daular mulkinsu" ne na Greek asalin kuma a zahiri tana nufin "ikon daya" (m). Domin wannan nau'i na gwamnati ne halin da maida hankali (m ko total) na da iko a hannun mutum daya - da shugaban kasar (Shah, sarki, sarki, sarki, da dai sauransu). Kamar yadda mai mulkin, ikon yana daukar kwayar cutar a cikin irin wannan tsarin gaji.

Ga cikakken daular mulkinsu halin da autocracy shugaban kasa. A wannan yanayin, da gwamnan - kadai sarki ikon, ya kadai hukunci, gudanar da kotu ta nada da gwamnatin. Yau, a wasu kasashe, yana yiwuwa ya tsayar da wani nau'i na gwamnati: da United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Brunei, Saudi Arabia.

Constitutional daular mulkinsu yana da dama wasu fasaloli. Domin wannan nau'i na gwamnati halin da wasu iyakance ikon da shugaban kasa. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ya rage mata da aka nuna a cikin kundin tsarin mulki. Tasowa a kundin tsarin mulkin daular mulkinsu a cikin samuwar bourgeois al'umma.

A daidai da mataki na taƙaitawa da ikon kwamitin ayyana biyu siffofin: dualistic da kuma majalisar.

Dual daular mulkinsu samar domin ci gaba da zartarwa ikon da monarch. The shugaban kasar kuma rike da hakkin ya kafa wata gwamnati, da rushe majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma kujerar naƙi.

Domin majalisar daular mulkinsu ne halin rabuwar iko. Gwamnatin samuwar ne saboda da wakilan jam'iyyun (ko da dama jam'iyyun) rinjaye. Domin wannan nau'i na gwamnati ne kuma halayyar gaban gwamnatin ta alhakin ba da monarch da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar.

Daga cikin kasashen da majalisar daular mulkinsu kamata zabi United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Spain da sauransu.

Republican nau'i na gwamnati halin da zaɓe na babi. Kalmar "jamhuriyar" a zahiri bi da matsayin "jama'a al'amari". A irin wannan jihar management system a matsayin wani tushe na ikon hidima mutane. Republican nau'i na gwamnatin da aka kafa a karon farko a 5-4 ƙarni BC. e. a Athens.

A daidai da hanyar da kungiyar da kuma hulda tsakanin rassan gwamnati, akwai iri uku na jamhuriyar.

Farko, shugaban kasar nau'i na gwamnati halin da cewa shugaban kasar - shi ne duka da kai da kuma a jihar, da kuma a cikin gwamnati. A wannan yanayin, yawanci irin wannan post, kamar yadda Prime Ministan, ba a bayar. Domin wannan tsarin ne kuma halin da zaben na shugaban kasa. The shugaban kasa yana da yawan iko. Da farko, shi zai iya samar da wata gwamnati da ba ta da alhakin zuwa majalisar. A wannan nau'i na m jirgin alama rabo a mulki. Irin wannan tsarin na gwamnatin wanzu, musamman a Amurka.

A Jamhuriyar iya zama majalisar. A wannan yanayin, majalisar yana da dukan m ikon a jihar. Shugaba saba a irin wannan yanayi yana da ikon zalla m, kuma yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan rayuwar siyasa a kasar. Majalisar haka zabe da mutane. Gwamnatin an kafa na wakilan da kawancen da rinjaye jam'iyyar a majalisar dokokin kasar.

Akwai ma atypical siffofin gwamnati a jihar. Irin wannan tsarin sun hada da monarchical, Semi-majalisar, Semi-shugaban jamhuriyar, Republican daular mulkinsu.

Domin Semi-tsarin shugaba halin da siffofin duka biyu majalisu da tsarin shugaba na gwamnati. Wannan nau'i ya dace da kuma tasiri, bayar da cewa majalisar rinjaye da kuma shugaban kasa rike siyasa shugabanci, maimakon haka ba.