Flemish: tarihi na ci gaba da halaye

Flemish harshen amfani da miliyan biyar mutane da ke zaune a yankin ƙasar da arewa na Belgium (wannan bangare ne ake kira Flanders), kazalika da game da 200 dubu a Faransa sashen na Nord. Yana nufin da Jamusanci reshe na Indo-Turai iyali.

Wadanda suke magana Flemish

Flemings suna a hankali alaka da Dutch mutane. Tun zamanin da da Roman Empire da kuma zuwa ga XIV karni, suka hankali ya daidaita a kan ta ba ƙasa - arewacin Belgium. Har XVI karni Flemish kusan indistinguishable daga Netherlands. Canje-canje zo bayan rabuwa na Holland da Belgium, wanda da} asar ta samu 'yancin kai da kuma soma Protestantism, yayin da a cikin ƙasa na sauran Katolika da kuma ƙarfafa mamayar kasashen waje hukumomi. Saboda haka, a cikin XVII-XVIII ƙarni da Flemish harshen raya da kansa, ba tare da shiga tsakanin na Dutch.

A 1830, Mulkin Belgium sami 'yancin kanta. Tun da Flemings fara bayyana rashin jituwa tare da Flemish matsayi, saboda shi ne har yanzu ake daukarsu a matsayin wata gida yare. A tallafi na da harshen da misali adabi an hade tare da wasu matsaloli, saboda arziki da kuma ilimi Flemings yafi magana Faransa.

labarin

Flemish harshen koyarwa wanda shi ne quite wuya, saboda yana da manyan bambance-bambance a rubuce da kuma magana, yana da wani arziki da kuma wajen rikitarwa tarihi na ci gaba. A ƙarshen XIX karni na Belgium gwamnatin kunshi mafi yawa na Faransa-magana Walloons. Tun 1873, da Flemish ne hukuma harshen a Belgium, a kan daidaita tare da Faransa. A karshen yakin duniya na biyu, akwai wani dakushe ci gaban da karfe masana'antu da kuma ci masana'antu.

Waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar a Flemish, wanda a wancan lokaci lissafta ga 55% na yawan jama'ar, da so ga canji cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma musamman al'adu Sphere. A shekarar 1968, akwai wani rikici tsakanin Faransa da Flemings a kan tushen da University of Louvain: biyu daga alƙarya ba hukunci wanda harshen da ya kamata a sanar da a wannan makaranta.

A sakamakon haka shi da wani jerin dokoki a 1970 ta, ta hanyar da aka kafa da harshen iyakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu, daya daga wanda dole ne a yi amfani a dukkan hukumomin gwamnati na zalla yan qasar zuwa harsuna mutanen Flanders. Flemish Majalisar kula da al'adu a shekarar 1973, sake masa suna da shi a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland.

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki

Domin samun wani matsayi a wani jama'a ofishin a Belgium, kana bukatar ka sani harsuna biyu. Shi ne game da Flemish kuma, ba shakka, Faransa. Walloons, bi da bi, da wani kyama ga ra'ayin koyan harshen, wanda aka yi magana da kawai miliyan 22 mutane, ciki har da mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin Netherlands. Flemings (musamman ma wadanda suka rike jama'a ofishin), kamar yadda wani irin fansa da gangan ya ki magana da Faransanci. Amma kalmar "Flemish", in ban da ta kai tsaye ma'anar, a yau shi ne sau da yawa amfani da matsayin na gama sunan Gabashi da zapadnoflamandskih yaruka.

A cikin harshen-iyakar yankunan iya saduwa da hanya ãyõyi a Faransa da kuma gama a kasa da sunan na kauye a Dutch. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da yawa birane da siffofi biyu. Saboda haka, idan kana shirin je Mons da Flemish ƙasa, sa'an nan da sannu zã ku Bergen, Liege - Luik, Namur - namenya da sauransu. Kuma mataimakin versa. Kana so ka ziyarci Mechelen? To ya kamata ka sani: Faransa sunan birnin sauti kamar Malin, Bern - Furneaux, Ieper - Ypres. Ya zauna m dalilin da ya sa gwamnatin jihar ba zai iya warware wannan ban dariya da kuma a lokaci guda bakin ciki halin da ake ciki ta hanyar shigarwa na m hanya ãyõyi.

halayyar siffofin

Game da imin sautin harshe, da Flemish bambanta daga Dutch yawan fasali a pronunciation (misali cikakken rashi m hari). Grammar halayyar ne m division of nau'i uku da taimakon lamirí. Shi ne kuma hallmark na Flemish harshen abubuwa yawa Gallicisms.

yaruka

Akwai hudu irin Flemish:

• Brabant yare;

• Gabas-Flemish.

• West-Flemish.

• Limburg.

Yaruka na karshen biyu kungiyoyi ne halin yanzu mafi ake amfani a yau da kullum magana a tsakanin yawan jama'a da kuma samun mafi yawan bambance-bambance daga cikin misali Dutch.

A Belgium Limburgish har yanzu dauke da wani yare. Tun 1997, a cikin Netherlands, ya aka hukumance gane matsayin mai zaman kanta, kamar yadda Dutch da Flemish. Inda suka yi magana yaruka na Limburg? Wannan, a sama da dukan, da kudu-maso-gabashin yankin na Netherlands, kazalika da arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Belgium.

West Flemish aka yi amfani da yawan rai a cikin West Flanders. Wide yaduwar wannan kungiya shi ne saboda da motsi na gida marubuta na biyu da rabi na XIX karni, wanda rayayye tsayayya da gabatarwar da misali Dutch harshe.

Biki na Flemish Community

Wannan bikin da dama a kan Yuli 11th. A 1302, akwai wani shahararren Kurtreyskaya yaƙi tsakanin Flemish da kuma Faransa Knights. Recent encroached a kan ƙasa na Flanders da kuma ta harshen. Flemish mutane jaruntaka kare kasar, shirya wani mayakan na crossbowmen kuma maharba. Flanders ta samu gagarumar nasara a wannan yaki.

Har yanzu, a cikin zamani hutu na Belgium bikin cohesive Flemish al'umma. A wannan rana akwai kaya farati da kuma Theatrical wasanni, tsara don tunatar da jama'a game da farashin na 'yancin kai da kuma su jarumi kakanninsa suka yi yaƙi domin shi.