Gudanar da kasa da kuma wuraren ajiyar Baikal. Reserves na Lake Baikal

Akwai wurare a duniyarmu wanda za a iya dauka a matsayin mafi kyawun halittu. Daga cikin su, wani wuri na musamman yana shagaltar da babban kogin Baikal, wanda mazauna garin suna kira teku. A cikin kewaye shi kyakkyawa ne: akwai tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa masu girma a nan. Kuma wasu daga cikin dabbobin da ke zaune a kusa, babu wani wuri a duniya. Gaskiya, wasu daga cikinsu, da rashin alheri, suna kusa da lalata.

Gidaje da wuraren shakatawa na Lake Baikal, sun shirya a yawancin yankunan da ke kusa da tafkin, taimakawa don karewa da kiyaye dukkanin wannan dadi kuma a wasu wurare akwai fauna da flora.

Mafi shahararrun tafkin a Rasha

A Rasha, Lake Baikal bai sani ba, watakila, kawai mai lalata. Duk da haka, a duk fadin duniya wannan abu na halitta yana da sananne.

Ana cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin Siberia, kusa da iyakar yankin Irkutsk da Jamhuriyar Buryatia. Ruwa na Lake Baikal, hotuna wanda kawai ke nuna darajar wadannan wurare, suna nan a nan.

Yankin da ake kira tafkin ya kai kusan kilomita dubu 32. Wannan yankin ya dace da ƙasashe kamar Netherlands ko Belgium! Kuna iya tunanin yadda babban Baikal yake? A tsawon lokaci, tafkin ya shimfiɗa don kilomita 620, kuma yayin da yake sararin samaniya yana kama da wata rana.

A cewar masana kimiyya, shekarun Baikal sun fi shekaru miliyan 20. A matsayinka na mulkin, tafkunan da aka kafa a lokacin lokacin bazara sun kasance kusan kimanin shekaru dubu 15, sa'an nan kuma sannu a hankali sun ɓace daga duniyar duniyar. Duk da haka, Baikal, wanda ya zama ajiya, har yanzu ba ya nuna alamun tsufa. Bugu da ƙari, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa tafkin zai iya kasancewa mai zurfi.

Menene labarin Baikal?

Duk da haka, ba wai kawai saboda girman girmansa da tsohuwar tsufa ba ne sanannen Baikal. A cikin duniya shi ne aka sani da mafi zurfin lake. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda iyakar nesa daga gare ta daga ruwa zuwa kasa yana da mita 1,642! Don kwatanta, wani tafki mai zurfi da ake kira "Tanganyika" yana dauke da zurfin mita 1470.

Wani Baikal yana da tsabta sosai, kuma a wancan lokacin an gane shi asalin ajiyar ruwa mai kyau a duniya.

Tsarin ban mamaki na tsabtataccen yanayi na Lake Baikal

Abin ban sha'awa da yanayi, wanda akwai wannan tafkin mai girma. A kusa da shi kuma a karkashin kauri daga ruwansa mafi tsayi yana girma game da nau'i 600 na shuke-shuke daban-daban. Animal Baikal duniya kamar yadda full na iri-iri: a gaskiya akwai fiye da 2000 jinsunan. Duk da haka, yawancin flora da fauna na gida zasu iya samuwa ne kawai a nan.

Alal misali, dabba mai ban mamaki na Baikal shine hatimi, ko Baikal hatimi. Shi ne kawai wakilin mambobin halittu a nan, kuma dangi mafi kusa suna zaune a cikin Caspian da arewacin teku, da kuma a Lake Ladoga.

Masu wakilci na fauna Baikalian sune sandal, badger, bear brown, ermine, chipmunk, weasel da wulakanci. Har ila yau, za ku iya saduwa da yawan tsuntsaye, musamman ma ruwan sha. Bayan haka, alal misali, ƙugiyoyi masu yawa, ducks, gulls, geese har ma masu haushi mai launin toka tare da yarda suna tashiwa zuwa wannan babban ruwa.

Yanayin kare kudancin Lake Baikal

Don kiyaye tsaran flora da fauna mai ban sha'awa, an gina wuraren da ake kiyaye tsabta ta yanayi a nan.

Daga cikin su akwai wuraren da dama da kuma wuraren shakatawa guda biyu. Sauran Yankuna na Yankin Baikal suna wakiltar yankuna uku da suka bambanta, a sassa daban-daban na tafkin. Babban aikin su shine kare nau'in dabbobi da tsire-tsire marasa hatsari da nau'i, da kuma samar da su da mafi kyawun yanayi don haifuwa.

Baikal zazniki

Akwai garkuwa shida a yankin Lake Baikal. An kira kowanne daga cikinsu don adanawa ko mayar da ɗakunan yanayi kuma ya kula da ma'auni a cikin ƙasa.

Mafi mahimmancin wadannan shi ne Kabansky Reserve, wanda aka kafa a 1967. An isar da shi a bakin kogin da ake kira Selenga, a gefen gabashin tafkin. Manufarta ita ce kare albarkatun ruwa da wuraren da suke zaune. A shekara ta 1975, an kafa asusun Stepnodvoretsky, wanda yake a gefen gabas. Ana tsara shi domin adanawa da kuma haifar da ɗan hawan Siberiya da sauran dabbobi.

An gina Masallacin Kayayyakin Kayan Kaya na Upper Angarsk a 1979 a arewacin Tekun Baikal, a gabashin Upper Angara Delta. Manufarta ita ce kariya ta ruwa mai rai a kan iyakokinta. A cikin yankin Pribaikalsky a gabashin bakin teku a cikin tafkin a 1981 ya bayyana Pribaikalskiy zakaznik, wanda ya kamata ya dawo da adana yawan dabbobin daji.

A shekara ta 1988, yankin kudu maso gabashin tekun Baikal ya zama yankin ƙasar Frolikhinsky Reserve, wanda ya kamata ya tallafa wa yawan dabbobi da suke zaune a nan. A kwanan nan, a shekarar 1995, An halicci Enheluksky ajiye a gefen gabashin kogin. Ayyukansa shine ya haɓaka, adanawa da kuma mayar da dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu daraja da al'adu, kimiyya da tattalin arziki.

Jirgin kasa a kan tafkin

A baya can, Lake Baikal ne shafin yanar gizon Pribaikalsky National Park. An shirya shi a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1986, kuma a yau kasarta tana da kadada 418. Ya hada da dukan yammacin bakin teku na tafkin, daga kudancin kudu maso gabashin Sea na Maloy da zuwa Kogin Heyrem, wanda shine kudancin kudancin wata kariya mai suna "Baikal-Lena Reserve". A Baikal Wannan ne ma sanannen tsibirin Olkhon.

Mafi yawan wannan yanki an rufe shi da gandun daji. Gudun daji da fauna na Baikal Park sun ƙunshi fiye da 500 nau'in nau'in. Wasu daga cikin dabbobin da suke zaune a nan an rubuta su a cikin Red Book, kuma tsire-tsire suna da nau'in jinsin da ke cikin kariya ta musamman.

A watan Satumba na wannan shekara, an kafa wani wurin shakatawa na kasar - Zabaikalsky, tare da yanki na kadada 270. Tana zaune a bakin kogin gabashin kogin, a kudancin gefen Barguzin. Wannan wurin shakatawa yana kan yankin da ake kira "Barguzinsky Reserve". Baikal Lake a wurin shakatawa hada Mai Tsarki Hanci sashin, Chivyrkuisky Gulf tarin tsiburai Ushkany tsibirin, har ma da wani ~ angare na lake yankin.

Babban dalili na halittar wannan wurin shi ne kariya ta yanayin Transbaikalia, ciki har da hatimin Baikal, wanda ke son shirya raguwa a kan tsibirin Ushkany, da kuma ruwan da ke cikin Lake Arangatui.

Mai girma Baikal Reserves

Mun gode wa irin wannan yanki na musamman na kariya, yana yiwuwa a adana Lake Baikal kusan a cikin asali. Wannan ajiyar wuri ne inda tsarin mafi girma ya kasance na kariya, saboda haka a cikin duk wani yanki na yanki, da katako, girbi na tsire-tsire, berries da namomin kaza da hakar ma'adanai ana haramta. Har ila yau, ajiyar wuri ne ainihin tushen kimiyya inda ake nazarin dabbobi da kayan kimiyya.

Duk waɗannan yankuna an kare su ta hanyar hanya ta musamman, saboda a kan kowannen su, a ƙarƙashin kallon gani ne kowane tsire-tsire da dabba, kuma a cikin dukkanin yanayi. Don samun hanyoyin ajiyewa na Baikal, kana buƙatar samun izini daga gwamnati, kuma wannan ma'auni ya cancanta.

Barguzinsky halitta ajiye

A kan tafkin yana da ajiya, wanda shine daya daga cikin tsofaffi a Rasha. An halicce shi ne a watan Mayu 1916 don kiyayewa da sake mayar da yawan mutane. Yankinta yana da nisan kilomita dubu 374 kuma yana kusa da gangaren yammacin Barguzinsky a gefen gabashin Lake Baikal.

Barguzin Nature Reserve ne mai real nasa tarihin yanayi da kuma shi ne kai tsaye daga yanayin ajiye da biosphere polygon. Yawancin wuraren sararin samaniya an rufe su musamman ta gandun daji da gandun daji mai tsayi. Akwai wurare masu yawa a wurare dabam dabam, akwai magoya. Yawancin mawuyacin hali har ma da aka jera a cikin Red littafin wakilai na dabba suna rayuwa a kan wannan ƙasa. A cikin Yankin Yankin Barguzin, koguna 11 suna gudana cikin Baikal. Duk da haka akwai wasu maɓuɓɓugar maɓuɓɓugar ruwan zafi, ruwan da aka ƙona shi har zuwa digiri 70 da sama.

A kowace shekara, yawancin 'yan yawon bude ido suna ƙoƙari su isa wurin, amma kusan dukkanin yankunan da aka ajiye sun rufe su. Don filin ajiye motoci a wurare da aka sanya musamman, ana buƙatar izinin izini na musamman a nan. Ana iya shirya shi kawai a ɗaya daga cikin igiyoyi. Suna cikin kogin Sosnovka, a kan kawunan Kabaniy da Shegnanda, da kuma kilomita daya daga arewa da bakin Kogin Bolshaya.

Kuma akan yankin polygon polysphere, iyakokin bakin kogunan biyu - Kabanja da Shegnand - zaka iya dakatar da kusan ba tare da hana.

A hanyar, a ƙauyen Dashva, wanda ke cikin tashar, akwai gidan kayan gargajiya na yanayi. Ana iya yardar da shi kyauta ta kowane mai yawon shakatawa.

Tsarin Bayar da Baikal

Samun kai tsaye zuwa babban tafkin ba a samuwa a yankin kudu maso gabashin Baikal Reserve. Baikal ya rabu da shi ta hanyar hanyar jirgin kasa da hanya, wanda aka ajiye a kusa da tudu a iyakar arewacin yankin. An kafa shi ne a watan Satumba na shekarar 1969, kuma yanki na yanki kusan kusan kadada dubu 166 ne.

Akwai littafi na Baikal a tsakiyar ɓangaren kwari mai suna Khamar-Daban. Akwai kimanin koguna 30 da suke gudana, bears, woketai, foxes da sanduna. Har ila yau a nan za ku iya saduwa da dabbobin da dama da aka jera a cikin Red Book: wani suturar fata, mai cin gashin kai, mai tsutsa, tsutsa da ƙuƙwalwa.

Baikal-Lensky Nature Reserve

Yankin mafi girma, wanda ya kai kadada 659,000, shi ne Kudin Baikal-Lensky. Baikal ya ajiye shi a kan iyakar arewa maso yamma, a yankunan Olkhon da Kachugsky na yankin Irkutsk. Wannan yanki ne mafi ƙananan, tun lokacin da aka kafa shi ne kawai a watan Disamba 1986.

A cikin wannan ajiyar akwai shahararrun shahararren Baikal: abubuwan da ake kira dutsen tsaunuka da yawa, da Rinty da kuma tushen Lena River. Har ila yau wannan yanki yana cike da Bears, akwai kogin baki mai laushi, wanda yake tsakanin sassan biyu: Matattu da Elokhin. A nan, mai rashin tausayi ya fita bayan farkawa daga hibernation, domin ya dace da kyau. Duk da haka a nan za ka iya saduwa da wolf, lynx da deer, kazalika da marmot mai ban dariya.

Abin mamaki mai ban mamaki da yanayin dabba na musamman shine dalilai guda biyu da ya sa ya dace ya ziyarci Lake Baikal akalla sau ɗaya a cikin rayuwar. Rundunar Rasha, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, - wannan lakabi za a iya amincewa da dukan ƙasashen yankin. Sai kawai a karkashin kariya mai kyau da kuma godiya ga kulawar kowane mutum waɗannan wurare za a iya kiyaye su a asalin su.