Gyare-gyaren Ivana Groznogo. Rawar da suka taka a cikin samuwar na Rasha jihar

A adadi na Ivan da Munin (1530-1584) ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi rigima a tarihin kasar. Rigingimu game da muhimmancin da Rasha ta mulkinsa bai fada shiru har yanzu. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin ta aiki ba dalili don mu bi da shi da kuma yadda wa shugaban kasar (da tabbatarwa daga jihar, da kama na Kazan da sauransu), da kuma matsayin m m (oprichnina, da dai sauransu). Iya ganin mafi m lokacin mulkinsa, da kuma la'akari da sake fasalin Ivana Groznogo, kuma su da tasiri a kan tsarin siyasa na kasar.

A farko majalisar Land da kuma ta sakamakon

A cewar masana tarihi, da manufar wadannan canje ga hãlãyensu matasa sarki ya gani a karfafa da a tsaye da iko, kuma ta karkashin shugabancin tsakiya jihar. Ivana Groznogo aka asali halitta kamar yadda wani gyara na kansa, da kuma mambobi na da zabi murna da cewa hada kusa sarki mutane: ruhaniya uba - firist Sylvester, Prince PM Kurbsky, Metropolitan Macarius, kuma AF Adashev. Period na canji a cikin Rasha jihar aka hade da taron duniya na farko Zemsky Sobor (ga wanda aka gayyaci dukan azuzuwan, fãce ga manoman) a 1549. Sarkin kansa ya kira shi "Cathedral of sulhu" tsakanin shi da tsada, kazalika da tsakanin kasa kadarori. Sai ya zama a 1550 ta amince da sabon "Code of Law", da dacewa da bukatun da sau. Yana da aka tabbatar da dokoki na miƙa mulki na manoma da sauran gonaki a St. George ta Day, Qarfafa ikon master kan su (amma shi WURAREN alhakin laifuka na da ma'aikata) da aka narkar gidajen lama dama ba su biya haraji to da baitul, ya gabatar azãba, dõmin cin hanci mahara mutane, da boyars da dyakov- cin hanci.

Gyare-gyaren ciyarwarka da controls

Ivana Groznogo Reformers da boyars feedings. Boyars aka iyakance a cikin kusan sakaci a ƙasar ikon mallakar, kafa shari'a da ba komai haqqinsa hukumomi kan su. A farko "Sudebnik" da alhakin cewa boyars za'ayi kafin sarki a wannan aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci da aka gudanar Zemstvo gyara, yana ba da shawara cewa wasu ayyuka na jihar da aka ba Zemsky dattawa, wanda aka zabe ta gida yawan. Har ila yau zabe mutane bangaren 'yan sanda, kotu, da kuma kudi management. Saboda haka, kananan hukumomi na maye gurbin ciyar wadannan jikuna. Jaddada da abũbuwan amfãni daga irin canje-canje, masana tarihi sun kira halittar shahara debe da babbar burokrasi na Karkasa jihar, wanda "ya kaddamar" Ivan Grozny da sake fasalin.

A gyara daga cikin soja kungiyoyi

Sake fasalin na Ivan da Munin 4 da shawarar karfafa rawar da tsada a kasar. Har ila yau a 1550, dubu ɗaya da manyansu samu ƙasar a cikin Moscow. A lokaci guda da aka halitta da-m strelets sojojin. Sarkin da kansa ya ci gaba da wannan batu isa hankali, watch fita domin makamai masana'antu fasahar kamar manyan bindigogi, da dai sauransu. Bugu da kari, sunansa ake dangantawa da yawa fiye da canje-canje. Wannan canji a cikin haraji tsarin, da kuma sabuwar ƙasar dokokin, da dai sauransu

Kamar yadda mafi masana kimiyya, Ivana Groznogo wadannan sauye-sauye suka zama dole ga kasar. Suka ƙarfafa ikon da Rasha jihar a geopolitical sarari na nan duniya.