Yawa Lyavonau a bude sarari. Lokacin da Leonov shiga sarari

A watan Maris shekarar 2015 shi alama mai muhimmanci sosai kwanan wata a Rasha tarihi: 50 shekaru da suka wuce daga Leonov ya faru a bude sarari. Ranar saki da aka sani ga kowane makaranta: 18 Maris, 1965 da m matukin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet Alexei Leonov ya zama mutum na farko, wanda yake a cikin bude injin. Fita Leonov a bude sarari ya sosai short-rayu. Duk da haka, ya quite wani feat.

Aleksei Leonov a bude sarari. Lokacin da ta faru da kuma yadda ya faru?

Dukan sarari motsa jiki ya dauki game da minti ashirin. Leonov har yanzu tuna breathlessly wadanda farko zaki lokacin a lokacin da ya lura da yadda shiru da kuma kwantar da hankula a bude sarari. Abu na farko da ya ce a cikin mafi yawan 'yan hira bayan taron - shi ne shiru. The sama jannati iya ko ji numfashi da kuma bugun zuciya. Alekseya Leonova spacewalk ya adadin daya aukuwa a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje latsa, wata babbar tsalle gaba na dukan 'yan adam a cikin ci gaban astronautics.

Fita Leonov ta spacewalk aka za'ayi a kan jirgin cikin gwaji jirgin "Voskhod-2". Yana da yawa daban-daban daga Gagarin "Voskhod-1": shi ne located ya kamar wata wuraren for matukan jirgi, kuma, ya aka sanye take da kyamara "Volga", wanda aka inflated a lokacin sarari jirgin.

The ƙungiya kunshi kawai mutane biyu. Kwamandan na naúra, ma, yayin da sau da yawa glimpsed a kafofin watsa labarai. Yana da aka Pavel Belyayev da Alekseya Leonova matukin rababbe. spacesuit "Berkut" da aka sanya musamman kawai ga wannan manufa. Shi ne ya kuma cosmonaut kasa a mafi inopportune lokacin.

Fita Leonov a bude sarari - da ranar da aka sosai da aka sani: farkon da aka yi daga Baikonur a goma da safe Moscow lokaci. Shi ne ƙwarai, m, da 'yan saman jannati ya kasance a kan na biyu bi da bi na jirgin zuwa sararin Subhana. Sai a wannan lokaci a karkashin yashi a Sahara stretch na'ura. Riga a rabin da suka wuce goma sha da safe ziyarci Leonov a bude sarari.

Matsalolin a jirgin

Hade da jirgin sama Leonov aka wuya, aka lissafta zuwa na karshe, daki-daki, da na USB tsawon shi ne mita biyar. Biyar sau sama jannati na gabatowa da motsi daga cikin jirgin don wani lokaci a cikin wani injin. Hadari ya fara da za a ji kusan daga na farko a minti daga wani karfi matsa lamba spacesuit inflated. A lokacin da ya lokaci zuwa koma, Leonov da maki biyu karya da tsananin umarnin daga Earth. Saboda da size da shi ya rage matsa lamba a cikin kwat da wando da kuma shiga cikin jirgin gaba shugaban, ba kafafu.

Amma wannan mummunan mishap, da rashin alheri, ba cikakken. Saboda zafin jiki da bambance-bambance kai tsaye a cikin manhole plating kafa quite babban crevice da zai iya kai a rufe gazawar cikin jirgi, kuma mutuwar da 'yan saman jannati. Atomatik tsarin "Voskhod-2" a lokaci guda aiki don kara samar da oxygen taro, don haka kowa yă ba da sun ƙare da fashewa. Don shawo kan matsalolin da suka kawai, sa'o'i bakwai, kawai matukan jirgin sun iya jin lafiya.

Kuma kafin barin almara jannati kusan manta l ?? wani aminci na USB. Belyaev bazata lura da shi, da kuma kawai gudanar ya ceci abokin tarayya. Idan ba don wannan al'amari, jiki Leonov zai kasance har yanzu a sarari suKe na duniya.

1965 th, a lokacin da na kammala fita Leonov a bude sarari - a shekara domin Tarayyar Soviet ne sosai muhimmanci, don haka gefe for kuskure ya ba da 'yan saman jannati.

saukowa

"Voskhod-2" sanya dukan goma sha tara juyin kusa da Earth kafin ya ragu a kan wani m surface na duniya. Just kwatanta: lissafin ba dace da gaskiya, don haka akwai aka ba saukowa inda shi aka farko shirya. Ɗari biyu kilomita daga birnin Perm, a cikin sanyi da kuma inhospitable inda ba wanda yake zaune taiga, da nisa daga wayewa da kuma matukan jirgin, da samu. Biyu cikakku kwana da 'yan saman jannati tsammani ceto, kuma daga baya suka aika zuwa Perm, kuma daga can ta jirgi a mayar da Baikonur.

Aiki a kan kwari

Leonov sau da yawa sosai, kuma a yanzu ya ce da manufa: in yawa tambayoyi, ya ce cewa kuskure aka sosai cewa su za a iya kauce masa, da kuma cewa a mutunta mutane da yawa a sa'a daidaituwa taimake shi da sahabbansa ga tsira.

Wannan ke kawai kaga: kwat da wando da aka ba kusan gwada, a matsayin Duniya dole ne haifar da gwajin yanayi sun kusan ba zai yiwu ba a sa tushen domin cin gaban su ne kawai lissafin. Amma wannan bai isa, a nan ne wasu farko kwat da wando da kuma takaita.

Flight tsawo ya nauyi fiye da asali shirya. A 'yan dubun mita mafi girma - da kuma' yan saman jannati zai yi karfi radiation daukan hotuna. shi ba zai yiwu ba ko da bayan da jirgin ya gane hanyar wannan al'amari.

fi gaban a faɗi ji

Idan gwarzon cosmonaut ya a cikin kwat da wando da kuma duk abin da ya shirye domin babban taron, abin da ya kamata ya zama daga Leonov a bude sarari, duk takardun izni aka ba a ba. Leonov aka languishing a jira har sai ya ji wata murya daga ƙasa. An kaina magana da Gagarin Leonov, ya ba da izni, kuma Alexei Arkhipovich garzaya zuwa ƙyanƙyashe.

Kuma a sa'an nan aka yi shiru da kuma sauti na numfashi da kuma bugun zuciya, wanda aika da sakonni zuwa Earth. Zai ze cewa jirgin ya damu Leonova, amma wannan serene shiru kawai karshe, muna ganin, numfashi a ko'ina.

A farko spacewalk dade tsawo, amma imprinted a cikin memory daga sama jannati har abada. Lokacin da Leonov tafi a sararin samaniya, ranar saki aka buga a dukan manyan jaridu. Saboda haka, na tuna da cewa jirgin zahiri duk abin da ya Sahaban.

Mamaki a cikin sama duk: gaskiya cewa Earth ne da gaske mai ball, ko da yake Leonov san shi, amma har yanzu mamakin abin da ya gani. da kuma cewa taurari a sararin sama kawai Nemer. da kuma cewa su ne don haka mai haske da kuma mai duhu sarari, quite kawai impenetrable. Kuma rãnã, kamar yadda idan saka shi a cikin sama, exuded gagarumin zãfi, da wata sosai haske.

makamai

Yanzu yi kokarin kwatanta yadda wuya ya yi aiki da zama a cikin kwat da wando. Kamar su sa a dunkulallen hannu a cikin bude sarari, dole mu yi wani kokarin daidaita tada ashirin da biyar kilo a Duniya. Kuma wannan da daya hannun! Leonova duniya horo da nufin ganin cewa ya daga baya ya iya jimre da aiki, shi ne musamman wuya. Ya yi tada mashaya a casa'in kilo kullum. Kadan shi ba - to, shi zai ba jimre da aiki. Wannan shi ne ban da wasu grueling kullum workouts.

Leonova Experience ya nuna cewa mutum ya kwana a sarari yiwu, kuma duk da shortcomings kuma kurakurai da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi don nan gaba flights. Kuma Alekseya Arhipovicha kwat da wando da aka yi amfani da matsayin tushen nan gaba aukuwa. Da yawa zamani 'yan saman jannati aiki, bisa ga sanin cewa da zarar samu Leonov.

Leonova invaluable kwarewa ...

Memories Rasha cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, sanya da dama irin flights, kazalika ziyarci a tara sa'a daya a sarari cika da godiya Leonov da kuma kwarewa daga gare su. Yanzu da sarari kara an halitta haka da cewa matukin jirgin iya ciyar 'yan sa'o'i a wani wuri. Ko kuma wajen, game da sa'o'i bakwai. Akwai cikakken umarnin cewa wuce a gaban Ofishin Jakadancin duk da zamani 'yan saman jannati. A farko hour suka bukatar a matsayin kadan kamar yadda zai yiwu a dubi Duniya, kamar yadda wannan nau'in ne sosai m da hankalin. Yana da yake a cikin ta farko hour daga cikin mafi alhẽri kuma yi amince da mafi yawan aiki, sa'an nan za ka iya da kuma ji dadin view. Kuma a zuciyar duk wadannan umarnin a kan kwarewa Alekseya Leonova.

Leonova farko fita cikin bude sarari ya kasance wani al'amari na kasa muhimmancin. Ya kwat da wando sawa girman kai sunan "Golden Eagle" da kuma, xan sama jannatin iya horar da layout na duk kumbon sama jannati da aka saita zuwa cikakken size a kan jirgin na Soviet jirgin sama.

Leonov a bude sarari gane karo na farko. Kuma 'yan san cewa zai iya har yanzu mutu saboda daya misstep - riga nasa. Very ban tsoro su yi tunanin, amma saboda da dogon jira domin Leonov absentmindedly kusan manta l ?? your inshora don dacewa. Da abokin tarayya, kana shugaban matukin jirgi kawai gudanar ansu rubuce-rubucen da kafa da kuma acikin sarƙa. Idan wannan ya faru ba, Leonov zai mutu ba.

Bugu da kari, a lokacin da ya tafi ya shiga cikin jirgi, ta hanyar aikata ta babban aiki, da kafafu shãfe cylinders da ake bukata domin rayuwa goyon baya. Duk da gaske zai iya kare a faduwa. Saboda haka da yawa kuskure, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ya kai ga tsanani sakamakon. Oh, da kuma sa'a da ƙungiya amfani da katakon takalmin!

Aiki sarari - a m kasuwanci

Wasu lokaci bayan jirgin Leonov feat za a iya maimaita American matukan jirgin, sun kuma ziyarci sararin samaniya da kuma a cikin m sarari. A nan ne kawai wasu Leonov shi ne na farko, kuma kamar yadda idan Amirkawa kokarin, kuma suka yi duba daga ƙasa ga Soviet pilot, wani majagaba a ci gaba da wani injin.

Aiki a sarari kawai alama romantic da kyau, a gaskiya, shi ne wani hatsari har kullum, babban kashe kudi da makamashi. All matukan jirgi na Spaceships a daya murya ce ke game da shi. Kuma shi ya sa duk wanda ya so shi, ba kai cikin 'yan saman jannati. Health domin wannan aikin da ya kamata a soke.

Kuma shi na bukatar m taro da kuma mayar da hankali: janye for kawai na biyu - da kuma duk ... zai iya faruwa da wani abu. Alal misali, irin wannan karfi majeure, kamar yadda idan ya yi Leonov a bude sarari: matsin lamba ya kara da cika fuska, da kwat da wando inflated. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a yau akwai sosai m kuma daidai briefings for sarari matukan jirgin, wanda ya samar da shawara a kan hali a daban-daban yanayi.

abokan aiki

An ban sha'awa labarin da wani xan sama jannatin - S. K. Krikaleva, gade Leonova hali. Wannan mutumin - da cikakkar duniya rikodin ga mafi ciyar hours a Duniya falaki. Ya kwarewa - ɗari takwas da kwanaki uku.

A da yawa tambayoyi, ya ce cewa wata rana da abokin tarayya ki sanyaya tsarin a cikin wani spacesuit. Kuma fita da aiki a yanzu 'yan saman jannati ne ko da yaushe a kalla mutane biyu. Ya yi, ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo don agazawa abokinsu, cika dukan aiki a kan nasu, ko da a cikin gajeren lokaci.

Kuma da zarar ya abokin gaba daya misted gilashin kwat da wando, ya ko da ba zai iya ganin wani abu. Amma irin wannan yanayi ne sosai aikata ko da a cikin ƙasa spaceports, don haka tare da aikin abokan aikinka sun jimre a lokacin masterful, duk ƙare da kyau. Amma Leonov wani abu ya shiga kewayewa duk shi kadai, ba tare da wani aminci net. Har yanzu, yana da ban mamaki, na gane yadda wuya ya ga wannan mutumin.

horo

Shirya domin motsin zuciyarmu da kuma ta jiki majiyai cewa wani mutum abubuwan da lokacin da sake shiga cikin bude sarari a duniya shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Leonova farko fita cikin bude sarari ya kasance wani al'amari na nauyin. A horo na da muhimmanci. Sun wuce daga nan gaba 'yan saman jannati duk rana da kuma aka gudanar a ranar musamman simulators, wanda haifar da yanayi kama da sarari. Akwai, misali, gidrotrenazhery suka sami damar haifar da weightlessness. Kuma akwai wadanda cewa cikakken canzawa da kumbon sama jannati yanayi da kuma yanayi a shi live. Load ne babbar. A kiwon lafiya na matukan jirgi a hankali saka idanu m likitoci, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma a kullum - ma.

Hakika, da matukan jirgi a cikin jirgin ba tare da wani lokacin ta sauran. Bugu da kari a gyara aikin, da 'yan saman jannati aka kullum tsunduma a gudanar da bincike ayyuka. Saboda haka, xan sama jannatin - shi ne ba kawai jiki karfi da lafiya da mutum, amma kuma gwani a fannoni daban daban na kimiyya.

Wannan sarari expeditions yarda su tabbatar da cewa rayuwa, a sarari yake zai yiwu. Kwayoyin cutar tsira da kyau da kuma a kan sasanninta, jirgin, kazalika da sauro larvae, wanda kasance a kan daya daga cikin sarari tashoshin sanya na dogon lokaci a cikin wani injin. Sau da yawa, 'yan saman jannati dauki tare da su a kan wani jirgin qwai da kifi, da kuma shuka kwari larvae, dubi abin da zai faru da su a cikin sarari. A 'yan saman jannati za'ayi domin kowane jirgin mai babbar adadin gwaji, da sakamakon wanda masana kimiyya suna sa idon duniya.

Kuma da yawa daga cikin sarari matukan jirgi gardamar cewa halittu na da wari. Its wuya a ji, amma shi ne. Shi ne mafi kama da bakin ciki iska bayan wani hadari, cike da kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe. Kuma shi ne ra'ayi na da yawa. Kila, Leonov kuma ji shi.

duniya

A matsa lamba bambancin shi ne dalilin da cewa almara Soviet cosmonaut kusan mutuwa. Lokacin da Leonov tafi a sararin samaniya, da ya gane cewa ƙyanƙyashe hawa da baya zai kasance sosai matsala. A samar da iska duk tsautsayi, da hukuncin wani dole wannan sosai lokacin. Fita Leonov a bude sarari aka tare da da yawa kuskure, amma har yanzu kare nasarar, kamar yadda muka riga sani.

Yanzu Alexei Arkhipovich iya riga gaya ƙashin gaskiya game da jirgin. Land sadu da shi ba haka ba ne m. Ba daidai ba lissafin, da yawa kuskure a lokacin da jirgin da ya kai ga unplanned, m saukowa site.

Mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a lokacin, tabbas domin ya kula da daraja na jam'iyyar da kuma Soviet masana kimiyya, a duk kafofin watsa labarai ya bayyana cewa, tawagar ta yi nasara, da kuma 'yan saman jannati huta kuma sami ƙarfi ga sabon nasarori kusa Perm a kasar. Villas Leonov akwai kuma wannan rana a can, kuma, ba shakka, babu lambu akwai, duk da haka, ba gani. Ba a kasar, da kuma a cikin gandun daji, a cikin gandun daji, warwatse da dusar ƙanƙara, a cikin unguwa da yawa m dabbobi kasance biyu matuka. Mun samu su ne kawai bayan kwana biyu, su yi nasu izinin for kilomita tara a kan kayan gudun kan. Idan ba wahalolin horo kafin jirgin, shi ne ba wasu da cewa wannan zai faru. Bayan da suka kasance sunã hawa zuwa Perm sa'an nan zuwa Baikonur horar da 'yan saman jannati ci gaba.

Irin wadannan mutane, wanda ba zai yafe rayuwarsa da kuma samar da makamashi ga mai kyau da kuma girma na jihar, sosai kadan. Lokacin da Leonov tafi a sararin samaniya, wannan kwanan wata aka tuna da haka da yawa. Kuma ku tuna a wannan jaruntakar feat na 'yan asalin kasar mu ga wannan rana.