Hanyoyin da binciken na 'yan Adam itatuwa aure.

Yau halittar jini ne sosai dacewa a cikin kimiyya filin domin gudanar da bincike. A impetus domin cin gaban da aka sanannun rukunan Charles Darwin a kan discreteness na gadar hali, zabin yanayi da kuma maye gurbi a sakamakon canje-canje a cikin baza m genotype. Fara ta ci gaba a farkon karni na karshe, jinsi, kimiyya ta kai wani babban sikelin, da bincike da hanyoyin da mutum halittar jini a lokacin ne daya daga cikin manyan yankunan da nazari kamar yadda dabi'ar mutum da kuma namun daji, a general.

Ka yi la'akari da asali hanyoyin domin nazarin halittar jini, a halin yanzu da aka sani.

Hanyar asali bincike a cikin mutum jinsi ne da nazarin da kayyade model Tsarin genes a cikin maye a pedigrees. A sakamakon da bayanai amfani ga rigakafin, prophylaxis kuma da alama na gano da karatu hali a cikin zuriyarsa - hereditary cututtuka. Gādo iya zama autosomal (bayyanuwar fasalin zai yiwu tare da daidaita yiwuwa a duka biyu mata da maza) da kuma guda biyu tare da jima'i chromosome m m.

Autosomal hanya, bi da bi, ne zuwa kashi autosomal rinjaye gado (rinjaye allele kuma za a iya samunsa cikin homozygous da heterozygous) da kuma autosomal recessive gado (recessive allele za a iya gane kawai a cikin homozygous jihar). A irin wannan gado da cutar da aka bayyana hanyar da dama da al'ummomi.

Sex-nasaba gado ne halin da sarrafawa na Game da gene a homologue da nonhomologous rabo Y- ko X-chromosome. Bisa ga genotypic bango, wanda aka sarrafa a cikin jima'i chromosomes, sanin da hetero- ko homozygous mata, amma mutanen da suka yi kawai daya X-chromosome yawan iya zama hemizygous. Alal misali, heterozygous mãtã iya aika da da cutar da za a gaji kamar yadda wani dan mata da maza.

Biochemical hanyoyin jinsi bincike nazari ne ya sa ta hereditary cuta daukar kwayar cutar a sakamakon kwayoyin maye gurbi. Irin wannan hanyoyin mutum halittar jini nazarin bayyanãwa hereditary rayuwa lahani ta kayyade gina jiki Tsarin, enzymes, carbohydrates da sauran rayuwa kayayyakin da suka ragu a extracellular ruwa da kwayoyin (jini, gumi, fitsari, yau, da dai sauransu).

Twin bincike hanyoyin in mutum halittar jini gane hereditary cututtuka karatu halaye. M tagwaye (cikakken kwayoyin tasowa daga biyu ko fiye zygotes murƙushe sassa a wani wuri mataki na ta ci gaba) da wani m genotype, wanda zai iya gane bambance-bambance saboda waje muhalli tasiri a kan mutum phenotype. Fraternal tagwaye (biyu ko fiye hadu qwai) suna da alaka da juna genotype mutane, wanda damar kimanta muhalli da kuma hereditary dalilai na mutum genotypic bango.

Cytogenetic Hanyar jinsi bincike amfani a cikin binciken na ilimin halittar jiki na chromosomes da kuma al'ada karyotype, wanda damar ganewa na ilimin kwayoyin hali da kuma chromosomal maye gurbi don gane asali hereditary cututtuka a chromosomal matakin, da kuma gudanar da bincike da mutagenic mataki da sinadarai, da magungunan kashe qwari, magunguna, da dai sauransu Wannan dabara ne yadu amfani a cikin bincike da kuma m ganewa da kwayoyin na hereditary munanan kafin haihuwa. Prenatal ganewar asali da ruwar da ganewar asali a cikin ta farko trimester na ciki, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya dauki wani mataki a kan ƙarshe na ciki.