Mene ne ethnography da abin da ta ginu akai

Daban-daban masana ba daban-daban fassarar da manufar "ethnography". Wasu kira shi da wani kimiyya ko kimiyya horo, wasu suna zuba jari a wannan ra'ayi na kimiyya da hankali. Saboda haka, bayan duk, abin da yake ethnography? Lokacin da ya yi ajalin da kuma yadda shi ya bambanta daga "ethnology"? Fassara daga Girkanci ma'anar kalmar "ethnography" - "mutanen description." Idan muka yi cikakken definition, wannan ya hada da wani bayanin asalin, sake ma su matsugunni da mutãnensu, abun da ke ciki, ta rayuwa da kuma al'adu, da abu da kuma ruhaniya al'adu. A hade da wadannan dalilai ne ethnography. Yana kuma nufin da kimiyya da hulda da sama bayyanar cututtuka.

Ethnography matsayin kimiyya yalwaci da yawa na rayuwa da kuma zamantakewa tafiyar matakai, shi ne zai yiwu, saboda haka cewa wannan tambaya na abin da ethnography, da kuma dacewa da wannan rana. Yana hada yankunan kamar paleoetnografiya, demography, kabilanci tarihi, kabilanci tunani da kuma fadace, jiki Anthropology, kuma da yawa wasu tarbiyya.

"Uba" na ethnography iya amince ɗauka cewa Herodotus, wanda ya bar for zurriyar yawa muhimmanci musamman kwatancin makwabta da kabilu. Bãya gare shi da za a iya kira da tsoho Greek masana kimiyya Thucydides, Democritus, Hippocrates, da kuma wasu tsoho chroniclers. Hakika, ko da idan babu wani daga cikinsu tunani game da abin da ethnography, ajalin da kanta kawai ta bayyana a cikin karni na karshe.

Sources na Ethnography - An bayanai samu ta hanyar kai tsaye lamba tare da yawan da aka bayyana, kallo don wani lokaci na rayuwa, hadisai da kuma al'adu. Yana iya ziyartar balaguro ko inpatient tsaya a cikin yanayi na mutane da lura. Ethnographic kafofin za a iya raba da dama iri:

1) da kaya ko abu (tufafi, iyali abubuwa, abinci, kudi, kayan ado da kuma sauran dukiya).

2) rubutu (rikodi na kowane irin, blogs, girke-girke rubuta Legends da Legends, da dai sauransu).

3) almara (songs, ditties, na baka epics da Legends, kuma yana da muhimmanci ba kawai don su sosai zane, amma kuma da mahallin da shi ya auku).

4) harshe (da harshen da a cikinsa rassan ne, abin da suke da yaruka, pronunciation, da dai sauransu).

Bugu da kari a wadannan hudu iri kafofin kuma iya ware jiki Anthropology (tsarin da kwanyar, da waje halaye), audio da video (photo, video, audio), ko da yake karshen su riga tushen sakandare.

A arziki a cikin ethnographic, kasar - shi ne, ba shakka, Rasha. Da karkararta gida fiye da mutane 150, amma da yawa daga cikinsu har yanzu raba kansu da kuma kabilun. Ethnography na Rasha ya dauki siffar matsayin mai zaman kanta kimiyya da ƙarshen XIX karni. Mutane da yawa Rasha ethnographers zama duniya shahara - L. N. Gumilev, V. Ya. Propp, N. Maclay, S. A. Tokarev da sauransu. A Rasha, da tambaya da abin da yake ethnography, kuma ya faru, amma ma'anar da aka kiyaye kadan daban-daban. Gaskiyar ita ce, a yi amfani da Kalmar "ethnology" a Yammacin kasashen Turai a lokacin, wanda bai dauki tushen a Rasha. Kawai daga 1990s, Rasha masana kimiyya sun fara yin amfani da wadannan biyu Concepts, wani lokacin interchangeably, wani lokaci tare da kadan bambance-bambance.