Hoton na Napoleon ta labari "yaki da zaman lafiya" da Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy kammala a 1867 zuwa aiki a kan labari "yaki da zaman lafiya". Events 1805 da kuma 1812 ta, kazalika da soja shugabannin da suka halarci a cikin 'yan adawa na kasar Faransa da kuma Rasha ne babban jigo na aiki.

Kamar kowane kaunar salama mutum, Tolstoy Allah wadai da amfani da makamai rikici. Ya aka jayayya tare da wadanda suke a cikin tashin "da kyau na tsoro." Author bayyana a cikin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru na 1805 kamar yadda wani marubuci kuma pacifist. Duk da haka, magana game da yaki da 1812, Leo motsa riga kishin kasa matsayi.

Image na Napoleon da kuma Kutuzov

Halicce shi a kamanin na Napoleon da kuma Kutuzov labari - m magana da ka'idojin amfani a cikin image Tolstoy Figures na tarihi. Kayya duk haruffa zo daidai da real prototypes. Tolstoy bai gurin to, su kusantar da m shirin gaskiya hotuna na wadannan Figures, samar da labari "yaki da zaman lafiya". Napoleon, Kutuzov da sauran haruffa da aiki da farko a matsayin yan dako na ideas. Tsallake a cikin ayyukan da yawa sanannun facts. Karin gishiri wasu halaye na biyu da kwamandan (msl, passivity da senility Kutuzova posturing da narcissistic Napoleon). Kimantawa da Faransa da kuma Rasha kwamandan a manyan, kazalika da sauran tarihi Figures, Tolstoy ya shafi wani m halin kirki sharudda. Hoton na Napoleon ta labari "yaki da zaman lafiya" - jigo na wannan labarin.

Faransa sarki ne antithesis na Kutuzov. Idan Mihaila Illarionovicha za a iya dauke da wani m gwarzo na lokaci, da image Tolstogo Napoleon ne babban anti-gwarzo a cikin samfurin "yaki da zaman lafiya".

Hoto na Napoleon

Tolstoy jaddada da gazawa da kuma yarda da kai na kwamandan, wanda shi ne bayyanannu a cikin dukan kalmomi, gestures da kuma ayyuka. Hoto na Napoleon m. Ya na da "short", "stouter" adadi "kitse cinyoyinsa", fussy, gaggãwar Gait, "da plump fari wuyansa", "zagaye ciki", "m kafadu." Irin wannan ne image na Napoleon ta labari "yaki da zaman lafiya". Describing safe bayan gida Faransa Sarkin sarakuna kafin Borodino yaƙi Leo unmasking hoto hali halaye na asali a cikin samfurin, ƙaruwa. Sarkin sarakuna "groomed jiki," "overgrown tare da m ƙirãza," "rawaya" da kuma "kumbura" fuska. Wadannan bayanai sun nuna cewa Napoleon Bonaparte ( "War kuma aminci ya tabbata") shi ne wani mutum nĩsantarwa daga aiki rayuwa da dan hanya jama'a asalinsu. The shugaban na Faransa ya nuna wani narcissistic egomaniac suka tunani zai yi biyayya da dukan duniya. Ga shi, mutane ba su wakiltar wani amfani.

Napoleon da hali, ya iri na magana

Hoton na Napoleon ta labari "yaki da zaman lafiya" da aka yi wahayi ba kawai wani bayanin da bayyanar. A kan hanyarsa na magana da hali ma nuna ta hanyar narcissism da kuma gazawa. Ya ya gamsu da kansa baiwa da yawa. To - abin da ya zo a cikin kansa, ya kuma ba da abin da yake a zahiri mai kyau, kamar yadda Tolstoy ce. A labari, kowane abin da ya faru da wannan hali yana tare da marubucin tausayi sharhin. Alal misali, a cikin na uku girma (kashi na farko na shida sura) Tolstoy rubuta cewa a bayyane yake ga mutumin da yake ban sha'awa na faruwa ne kawai a cikin ransa a gare shi.

A cikin aikinsa "yaki da zaman lafiya" alama halayyar Napoleon matsayin da wadannan bayanai. Tare da lafiya irony, wanda wani lokacin ya jũya a cikin sarcasm, marubuci debunks da'awar duniya mamayar Bonaparte, kazalika da mukaddashin, kullum, inda kodayaushe domin tarihi. Duk lokacin, Faransa sarki taka leda ne a cikin magana da kuma hali kasance kõme ba na halitta da kuma sauki. Wannan ne da aka nuna sosai impressively Lvom Nikolaevichem a scene a lokacin da ya birge da Borodino filin hoto da ɗansa. A ta hanyar Napoleon ta labari "yaki da zaman lafiya" ya samu wasu da muhimmanci sosai cikakken bayani. Mun bayyana wannan scene taƙaice.

A episode da hoto na Napoleon ta dan

Napoleon tafiya a kan ga zanen, jin cewa abin da zai yi, kuma za su ce a yanzu da cewa "akwai wani labarin." Vertical Zagayawar dan sarki, wanda aka wasa a gasar cin kofin da kuma ball duniya. Wannan ya nuna da yawa daga cikin shugaban na Faransa, duk da haka, Napoleon so don nuna "Uba tausayi." Hakika, wannan da aka tsarki addashin. Napoleon ba bayyana a nan shi ne ba m ji, ya kawai litsedeystvoval, shirya kai ga tarihi. Wannan scene nuna girman kai daga wani mutum wanda ya yi imani da cewa dukkan Rasha za su iya nasara da ci na Moscow da za'ayi a cikin irin wannan hanyar ya tsare-tsaren na mamayar bisa dukan duniya.

Napoleon - actor kuma player

Kuma a cikin wani adadin m aukuwa na Napoleon ta description ( "War kuma aminci ya tabbata") ya nuna cewa wannan shi ne wani player da actor. Ya ce a kan Hauwa'u na da Battle of Borodino cewa dara an sanya, wasan zai fara gobe. A ranar da yaƙi, Tolstoy Notes bayan gun Shots, "Game on." Bugu da ari, marubuci ya nuna cewa shi ya kudin dubban rayuka. Prince Andrew yana zaton cewa yaki - wannan ba wani wasan amma wani m larura. A fundamentally daban-daban tsarin kula da shi ya zuwa ga tunani na daya daga cikin protagonists ayyukan "yaki da zaman lafiya". Napoleon ta kama da aka kafa a kashe ta wannan ra'ayi. Prince Andrew bayyana ra'ayi na zaman lafiya na mutane, wanda aka tilasta, a karkashin lalura, to ɗauki makamai, saboda daga cikin bauta barazana looming kan ƙasar haihuwarmu.

Comic sakamako samar da Faransa sarki

Yana bai hana kome ba don Napoleon cewa ya fiye masa, kamar yadda ya zama kamar ma shi da cewa duk duniya ta dogara ne kawai a kan nufinsa. Wannan ra'ayi yana Tolstoy a cikin episode na taron tare da Balashev ( "War kuma aminci ya tabbata"). Hoton na Napoleon a shi updated tare da sabon bayani. Tolstoy jaddada bambanci tsakanin Sarkin sarakuna da nonentity high kai girma. Comic rikici cewa taso a cikin wannan harka - mafi kyau hujja na fanko da kuma rashin ƙarfi daga wannan tarihi adadi, wanda pretends zama wani majestic da kuma karfi.

Napoleon ta ruhaniya duniya

A fahimtar Tolstoy ta ruhaniya duniya shugaban Faransa - shi ne "wucin gadi duniya" sanaki "fatalwowi da yawa" (Volume Three, Part biyu, Babi na 38). A gaskiya ma, Napoleon yana zaune hujja da wani tsohon gaskiya cewa "sarki bawan tarihi" (Volume Three, Part Daya, Babi na 1). Ganin cewa ya yi aikin nasa ba, wannan tarihi adadi ne kawai wasa "nauyi", "bakin ciki" da "m", "ba na mutum ba rawa" wanda shi aka yi nufi. Wuya ya iya yin shi, idan wannan mutumin da aka ba duhunta na sanin yakamata da hankali (Volume Three, Part biyu, Babi na 38). A marubuci ganin aberration na kwamandan a manyan cewa ya gangan tashe ta ruhaniya callousness, wanda aka dauka a matsayin gaskiya yawa da kuma ƙarfin hali.

Alal misali, a cikin na uku girma (part biyu, babi na 38) ya ce ya na son su bi da rauni da kuma matattu, game da shi, gwajin da shafi tunanin mutum da ƙarfi (as Napoleon kansa ĩmãni). A episode, a lokacin da kogin Neman haye rundujar soja masu dawaki na Yaren mutanen Poland lancers, da kuma adjutant a idanunsa bari kansa a biya su da addini a gare da Dogayen sanda hankalin sarki, Napoleon kira Berthier zuwa gare shi, kuma ya fara tafiya tare da shi tare da tudu, ba da umarni da m lokaci-lokaci glancing a nutsar da Uhlans, wanda Miscellaneous da hankali. Ga shi, mutuwa - tiresome da na kowa ya gani. Napoleon daukan domin ba sadaukarwa addini a gare nasu sojojin.

Napoleon - warai m mutum

Tolstoy ya nanata cewa wannan mutumin ya warai m, amma bai lura da wannan ne kawai saboda babu akalla wasu daga cikin halin kirki da hankali. "Babba" Napoleon, "Turai Hero" abi'a makafi. Ya iya fahimta ba, kuma bã kyakkyawa, alheri ko gaskiya, ko da darajar kansa ayyuka, wanda, kamar yadda Lev Tolstoy ce, sun "nuna adawa ga alheri da gaskiya kuma," "nisa daga duk mutum." Napoleon ba zai iya fahimtar muhimmancin wannan aiki (ciki har da na uku, kashi biyu, babi na 38). Don zo zuwa ga gaskiya da kuma nagarta, a cikin ra'ayi na marubuci, ya iya kawai za a ƙi a kan kirkirarrun yawa na wani hali. Duk da haka, domin irin wannan "jaruntakar" yi ne ba su iya Napoleon.

Napoleon alhakin abin da ya yi da su

Duk da cewa ya kasance daga masu wanzuwa yi wasa wani mummunan rawa a cikin tarihi, Tolstoy ba ya rage halin kirki nauyin da mutum ga dukkan ayyukansu zuwa gare su. Ya rubuta cewa, Napoleon yi nufin "ba free", "bakin ciki" da muhimmancin Executioner al'ummai da yawa, duk da haka, ya tabbatar da kansu cewa su amfana manufar da ayyukansa da kuma cewa ya iya sarrafa da kuma shiryar da na kaddara da yawa mutane su yi ta da ayyukansa na mulki. Napoleon ya yi tunanin cewa da yaki da Rasha ya faru da nufinsa, zuciyarsa ba buga tsoro cika (Volume Three, Part biyu, Babi na 38).

Napoleon samfurin ingancin haruffa

A wasu heroes na Napoleonic samfurin ingancin Leo ta haɗu da rashin hali da halin kirki ji (misali, Helen), ko da ban tausayi kurakurai. Saboda haka, kamar yadda wani saurayi na kamu da ra'ayoyi na Faransa sarki Per Bezuhov zauna a Moscow a don su kashe shi, kuma ta haka ne ya zama "cece daga mutãne." A farkon matakai na rai na ruhaniya Andrey Bolkonsky mafarkin don ya tashi sama da sauransu, har ma idan kana so ka ba da kyauta ga wannan iyali da kuma iyali. A image na Leo Tolstoy Napoleonism - wani hatsari cutar da ya raba mutane. Yana sa su yi? Imuwa a cikin ruhaniya "kashe-hanya".

Image na Napoleon da kuma Kutuzov masana tarihi

Tolstoy Notes cewa masana tarihi sun yaba Napoleon, tunanin cewa shi ya kasance wani babban general, kuma Kutuzov aka zargi da kasancewa ma m da kuma soja kasawa. A gaskiya, da Faransa Sarkin sarakuna ci gaba a 1812 da iskar aiki. Ya game da fussed, ya ba da umarni cewa, shi da wasu da jũna m. A wata kalma, wannan mutumin girman haka kamar yadda ya zama "babban kwamandan." Hoto na wannan Kutuzov a Tolstoy da ba daidai da ra'ayi na baiwa, dauka a lokacin. Marubuci da gangan exaggerates ta decrepitude. Saboda haka, Kutuzov a lokacin da soja majalisa ba ya fada barci domin nuna "raini ga ƙaddarãwar", amma kawai domin yana son ya yi barci (Volume Daya, Part Three, Babi na 12). Kwamandan a manyan ba shi ba da umarni. Ya kawai ta amince da abin da ya wadãtu da m da m duk ƙaryata. Kutuzov ba neman fadace-fadace, ba yin wani abu. Yana Kutuzov majalisa a Fili, rike m kwantar da hankula, ya nemi ya bar birnin Moscow, wanda kudin shi babban shafi tunanin mutum baƙin ciki.

Abin da kayyade gaskiya sikelin daga cikin mutum, bisa ga Tolstoy?

A kusan duk fadace-fadace ya lashe zaben da Napoleon, Kutuzov ma rasa kusan kome da kome. Setbacks sha wahala da Rasha sojojin da Red Berezina. Duk da haka, shi ne ta ke karshe lashe yaki a karkashin umurnin sojoji, "a soja baiwa." Tolstoy jaddada cewa masana tarihi kishin Napoleon, imani da cewa shi ne kawai wani mutum mai girma, gwarzo. A cewar su, domin wani mutum na wannan girma ba zai iya zama mara kyau da kuma mai kyau. Hoton na Napoleon a cikin adabi sukan gabatar a wannan kusurwa. Beyond da halin kirki sharudda, bisa ga daban-daban mawallafa, su ne ayyuka na wani mutum mai girma. Wadannan masana tarihi da kuma marubuta, ko da m jirgin daga cikin sojojin na Faransa sarki aka kiyasta a matsayin wani aiki na daukaka. A cewar Tolstoy ta real hali ba auna sikelin "ƙarya dabarbari" daban-daban masana tarihi. Great tarihi ƙarya ne girman wani mutum kamar Napoleon ( "War kuma aminci ya tabbata"). Quotes daga cikin ayyukan da aka nuna mana tabbatar da shi. Tolstoy sami gaskiya yawa a Mikhail Kutuzov Illarionovich, suna fadin ma'aikacin labaru.