Ilyushin 62M: fasaha halaye, tarihi da kuma hotuna

Idan kai tsarin - jini na kowane tattalin arziki a duniya, da fasinja sufuri za a iya kira "jini" na jini da kanta. A mafi alhẽri, sauri da kuma mafi jihar ne iya matsawa mutane a kan karkararta, da kasa da "backwoods" ne, da sauki shi ne ya tsayar da hulda da dukan jihar na'ura. To sane da shi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A sakamakon aikin da yawa Il Edo zama 62M.

Nasara a lokacin wani jirgin saman fasinja ya nuna cewa Soviet masana'antu ne m ba kawai don samar da kayan aikin soji a cikin m sikelin.

key Features

A jirgin sama ne halin da raya-saka engine da kuma musamman dakatar da zane. An ci gaba a cikin almara OKB Ilyushin da baya ya jadadda mallaka a tara kasashen. Wadannan sun hada da United Kingdom, Italy, France, Jamus, Czechoslovakia, Japan. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa sosai mashahuriyar Il 62M, wani star a fuselage, wanda wani garanti na high quality.

The inji yana da wani musamman m rarraba taro, don haka da cewa ta taro ne kusan m jirgin sama tare da injuna a karkashin reshe. A rarrabe Il 62M, da halaye na wanda muka duba yiwuwar, shi ne m mataki aiwatar da manyan gefuna da fuka-fuki (a cikin nau'i na da baki). Yana yiwuwa don tabbatar da kyau kwarai da kwanciyar hankali da jirgin sama, ciki har da m kusassari na kai hari. Reshe kuma da aka kerarre amfani da latest decompression fasahar shafe low-cost gyare-gyaren. Yana yiwuwa ba kawai don tallafa, amma har muhimmanci karfafa dukan tsarin.

Feathering yi a kan wani T-dimbin yawa kewaye, da kuma da nauyi da kuma size da yawa fiye da karami kusan duk analogs. Duk da wasu shortcomings wannan m, wannan aiwatar ya yarda sau da dama don inganta manageability kuma AMINCI sabon inji, da zane na abin da aka cire ma ƙato da kuma ba ko da yaushe m mafita.

Fuel tankuna located a ko'ina cikin span da reshe, ciki har da wani sashe cibiyar. Ilyushin 62M musamman kalla saboda shi ba ka damar daukar kashe tare da daya engine kasa. Tashi da kasa guda inji iya, kullum da ciwon biyu gaza mota. Mahara redundancy dukkan tsarin, aro daga Aerospace da kuma soja da fasaha, za a iya inganta AMINCI na dukan avionics a kan tsari.

A dalilai domin cin gaban sabuwar mota

A ci gaba da fasinja da kuma sufurin kaya kai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin rabi na biyu na 50-ies, a lokacin da aiki ya fara zama jirgin sama injin turbin propulsion. Wadannan inji an yarda da wani sashe a lokaci daya a manyan yawan dukiya, da kuma yin haka zai iya zama maza maza. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa daga 1950 zuwa 1959 da girma na sufurin kaya zirga-zirga ya karu da sau daya a cikin sau goma.

Ba mamaki, tattalin arziki da kuma sifirin jiragen sama masana kusan nan da nan samu wani tsari da wuri-wuri don ƙirƙirar wani cheap, kuma unpretentious jirgin sama cewa damar da kai daga mutane da kuma kayayyaki a cikin ƙasa na Union.

Cigaba KB Ilyushin

Kawai a CB Ilyushin ya riga ya isa kwarewa da kuma albarkatun, amma saboda shi ne ya masana farko da ya fara tsara wani sabon nau'in jirgin sama. Tuni a shekarar 1960 ya Ilyushin Rokon ga gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet samarwa halittar inji, wanda daga baya ya karbi sunan Il 62M. Yana nufin Ya ba da jirgin sama injuna RD-23-600, wanda ci gaban da aka jagorancin wani talented SK Tumansky.

tsammani Features

Da farko, designers sun zaci cewa jirgin sama zai iya kawo 50 ga 150 fasinjoji. Range aka shirya "ya saukar da" a cikin 4500-8500 km. Engines designers so su sanya a cikin wutsiya sashe. A general, tushen da Il 62M samfur ya kwance manufar Il-18. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin wahayi Faransa mota "Caravel" to matsayinsu na cakosoban a rabin da tsawo daga cikin keel.

Tun da ko da wani ƙiyashi hangen nesa ga makomar Il 62M da aka kyau da aiki fitar, kwamitin ministoci na Tarayyar Soviet soma wani tsari da sauri. Resolution ya shafi ci gaban da jirgin sama, wanda a ajin iya tashi nesa ba kasa da 4500 km, da haka 165 kujeru. halittar wani "alatu" na farko-aji motoci da aka ma bayar. Its jirgin iyaka ya riga 6700 km da 100 ... 125 kujeru ga fasinjoji, bi da bi. A daidai wannan lokaci, a karkashin jagorancin OKB Kuznetsova izini don ƙirƙirar sabuwar engine NK-8.

layout Features

A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na Soviet jirgin sama da aka zaba makirci da wutsiya-engine. Wannan ba yi da hatsari. Gaskiyar ita ce, a sakamakon amfani da wannan zane bayani iya samun wani "tsabta" reshe yana da kyau kwarai aerodynamics. Wadannan halaye ne da muhimmanci ga jirgin, wanda aka kamata su saki ko da a kan dogon karauka gudanar a kasar iska.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, irin wannan makirci ya shafi hawa mafi abin dogara da kuma sauki daga m. Ganin cewa injuna da aka located a wani babba nesa daga cikin tanki, haifar da karuwar aminci da fasinjoji, idan saboda wasu dalilai akwai wata wuta. Bugu da ƙari, kuma da muhimmanci sosai a cikin yanayi na shafe tsawon hops, rage muhimmanci amo matakan da fasinja sashe, kuma aka rage zuwa kusan sifili mummunan tasiri a kan jirgin sama tsarin fita jet kafa ta musamman high zazzabi gas.

Tun da ikon shuke-shuke suna located kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga tsaye axis na fuselage, shi yiwuwa a rage girman sakamako na wani hadarin gaske musamman yaw kudi, wanda aka sa ta a gazawar da daya daga cikin Motors. A karshe, wannan makirci ya shafi kin amincewa da ɓarna, manyan wutsiya, wanda za a iya rage overall nauyi na mota (a ka'idar).

Yau za mu iya ce tare da amincewa da cewa da kafa fasinja jirgin sama Tu - karshe amma ba ko kadan da abin yabo daga OKB Ilyushin. Wannan kwararru na ofishin karo na farko a cikin gida jirgin sama ne ba kawai aiwatuwa a cikin karfe wani sabon ra'ayi na ci gaba, amma kuma ya kawo shi a kammala.

Disadvantages na sabon layout

Amma akwai a cikin version tare da wutsiya engine da kuma rashin amfani, wasu daga wanda suka quite muhimmanci. Da fari dai, jirgin sama taro zai ƙarshe har yanzu ya karu kamar yadda ake bukata don a kara inganta dukan wutsiya sashe. Bugu da kari, da fuka-fuki ba unloaded Motors (da suka ba da damar ka ka rage gajiyan a cikin abu).

Abu na biyu, saboda jeri na injuna ya zuwa yanzu, shi ya muhimmanci mika duka man fetur kayan aiki, wanda yana da wani mummunan sakamako a kan sauran AMINCI na zane. A karshe, saboda "nahlobuchivaniya" injuna a kan wutsiya, sharply canza dukan jeri na jirgin sama, wanda kuma ya ba da matsaloli da yawa a matsayin zanen kaya da kuma matukan jirgin wanda ya sarrafa da jirgin sama.

Me wannan rangadi tukuna aka soma?

Duk da al'amarin a cikin kwatanta tabbatacce kuma korau lokacin. Lokacin da injiniyoyi dauke daki-daki, wacce ta duba mana makircinsu Il 62M, da halaye na wanda sun nasara domin ta lokaci, har yanzu suna kai wani m yanke shawara a kan kaddamar da samar da version of shi tare da raya-saka engine. Shi ne gaskiya a ce shi ya faru bayan tsanani muhawara. Kuma masana iya gane cewa ya yi wannan makirci, muna da su warware da yawa wuya da matsaloli a layout.

Saboda haka, musamman ga Il 62M (MES ne musamman yaba) Ya halitta na musamman da kewayawa tsarin wanda ba ka damar kasa da jirgin sama da kuma a cikin mafi m yanayin da meteorological yanayi. A karo na farko a gaba daya atomatik kula da tsarin da aka yi amfani da, wanda for jirgin sama na wannan size da kuma iya aiki, ko a yau, ba wani abu talakawa. Highest AMINCI da sauki - Waɗannan su ne bayãnin hukuncin fasali na Il 62M. Tarayyar Soviet (86,513 kwamitin - daya daga cikin 'yan bakin ciki ware) ya sake gudanar ya halicci gaske sauki amma m mota.

Key yi halaye

• Cikakken wingspan mita - 43,2.
• Jimlar yawan filin da reshe surface, m² - 279,55.
• Matsakaicin tsawon na fuselage, m - 53,12.
• Babban jiki tsawon, mita - 49,00.
• A matsakaicin tsayi daga cikin gidaje mita - 12,35.
• Share reshe ° - 32,5 ° (25% na tsirkiya line).
• Matsakaicin jirgin iyaka, km - 10 000-11 050.
• Matsakaicin jirgin nauyi, ton - 161.6 (165/167 daga gyare-gyare).
• Base shasi mita - 24,48.
• Matsakaicin hanya shasi mita - 6.8.
• Cruising gudun - 850 km / h.
• Iyakar gudun - 870 km / h.
• da tsawo daga cikin rufi daga kilomita - 12.

Mene ne bambanci na na'ura tare da index "M" daga da magabata?

Wadannan jirage, waxanda suke da sauki gyara na Il-62 turbofan injuna da D-30KU. Su ne yafi tattali da kuma mafi cika da sauran} asashen duniya a fagen kare muhalli. Keel da cakosoban da aka ba a cikin wadannan inji mafi kyau cikin sharuddan aerodynamics, da siffar. Saboda shigarwa na wani sabon reversing na'urar injiniyoyi sun iya rage iska juriya a lokacin jirgin. By kara da damar da jirgin man fetur tsarin, wadannan inji iya yin daina flights.

Har ila yau, wasu daga cikin jirgin kayan aiki, da jirgin sama zane kara da cewa mafi lantarki da aka maye gurbinsu. Bugu da kari, da yawa buƙatun da matukan jirgi, na zamani iska-motsa jiki da tsarin a cikin taksi an kara da cewa. Yana yarda significantly rage mataki na gajiya da matukan jirgi a lokacin dogon flights, musamman a kan kasa da kasa hanyoyi.

a ƙarshe

Motar da aka akai-akai gwada wa yarda da duk} asashen duniya. Har yanzu Il 62M, salon wanda yake saba wa da yawa mazauni ne na Tarayyar Soviet, sarrafa biyu cikin kasar da kuma a kan kasa da kasa hanyoyi. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha yakin da jirgin sama, mafi yawan wadannan jiragen sama da aka kerarre don fitarwa, da kuma wasu kasashen sun fi so su haya wadannan jirgin sama domin ta m zirga-zirga. Wannan shi ne labarin da Il 62M jirgin sama.