Rasha roka injuna RD-180: Bayani dalla-dalla

Rasha RD-180 roka injuna su ne "apple da sabani" tsakanin biyu kamfanonin {asar Amirka United Launch Alliance (Ula) da kuma kishiya Orbital Sciences. A farko da ke sa shi yiwuwa a saya biyu engine domin ta makamai masu linzami da Antares.

Karo na da Titans

Duk da laifin da aka sa hannu na Orbital Sciences a jama'a samuwa tenders. Ula ba bisa ƙa'ida ba tsarè fafatawa a gasa saya injuna RD-180 a cikin ƙungiya biyu. Yana dan kwangila RD Amross - SPNPO "Energomash" - da American matsakanci Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. A farko samar da ake so ruwa roka engine RD-180. A sauran kayayyaki da aka gyara zuwa Amurka.
The kawai ruwa engine RD-180 ne mafi kyau dace domin gwamnatin Amurka ta sanar m sayayya. A cewar masana, da halaye na wadannan aka gyara su ne manufa domin nauyi m roka da NASA bukatun.

Mene ne roka engine RD-180

RD-180 - dual jam'iyya yan hudu wanda aka samu daga RD-170, a yi amfani da "Zenith". Liquid roka engine RD-180 rufe-madauki kammala tare da afterburning high yi, ta'aziyya da kuma yiwuwa na RD-170 sake amfani a size ya dace da bukatun na injuna domin Atlas V samo asali Expendable Launch Vehicle.

RD-180 - wani na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mota domin tuki da iko bawul da sabawa na dirka vector gimbaled da pneumatics zuwa actuate bawul din da kuma kawar da tsarin: tunkuɗa su firam ga rarraba da kaya na engine a matsayin dogaro da kai. Motor a farkon amfani LOX gubar, janareta gas afterburning da LOX, da arziki gas injin turbin drive. Saboda haka, sa karuwa yawan aiki da kashi 10 idan aka kwatanta da aiki hanzari da kuma Amurka injuna bayar da tsabta, reusable aiki.
Kawai a cikin babban taro na turbo-famfo da kuma kara amfani da famfo bukata da ci gaban da sikelin da RD-120 da kuma RD-170. All sauran aka gyara aka dauka kai tsaye daga RD-170.

A RD-180 da aka tsara don 42 watanni ga kananan ƙunshi juzu'i na kudin na wani hali zane na wani sabon engine ga Amurka. A motor gudanar a tsaka-tsaki da kuma misali Atlas III m roka Atlas V.

RD-180 sanye take da biyu biyu daga konewa da bẽnãye, kuma nozzles. A engine aka tsara da kuma samar da Rasha kimiyya-samarwa jam'iyya "Energomash". A kananzir da ake amfani da man fetur, da oxidizer ne ruwa oxygen. The kudin na roka engine RD-180 ga shekara 2010 amounted zuwa $ 9 da miliyan.

Description na yi

1. LOX / kananzir propellant.
2. Biyu dirka bẽnãye (cardan +8 digiri).
3. Daya arziki a oxygen kafin kuka naúrar.
4. Turbopump taro na high matsa lamba.
5. Biyu-mataki famfon.
6. Single-mataki oxygen famfo.
7. Single injin turbin.
8. Hypergolic ƙonewa.
9. Mai cin gashin kanta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin (bawuloli, TVC) tare da kananzir ikon daga famfon.
10. Lafiya da lura da kuma rayuwa Hasashen tsarin.
11. Sarrafa kansa jirgin horo (bayan shigarwa a kan abin hawa All yadda ake gudanar sarrafa kansa ta hanyar Gudun).
12. Minimizing da dubawa daga jefa kushin da abin hawa (pneumatic da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin, m, electrically hada panel dirka firam ya rage wuya da inji dubawa).
13. Organic ayyukan wadãtar oxidant triggering ƙonewa wucin kuka kuma wani oxidizer fara da kuma dakatar da halaye da kashe coking da kuma kone yiwuwar gurbata kananzir.
14. 50-100% m throttling bayar m realtime scan yanayin da daidai da na engine a shafin kafin kayyade aka fara.
15. 80% RD-170 sassa.
16. Matsa lamba masallãci, 256,6 mashaya.
17. yankin rabo: 36,4.
18. Dirka-to-nauyi rabo: 77,26.
19. A rabo daga cikin oxidant-man fetur: 2,72.

RD-180 engine. halaye na

• Specific nauyi: 5480 kg (12080 fam).
• Height: 3.6 m (11.67 ƙafa).
• Diamita: 3.2 m (10.33 ƙafa).
• Specific turu: 337,8 s.
• Specific turu a teku matakin: 311,3 seconds.
• Rikodi lokacin: 270 seconds.
• Da farko farkon: 2000

labarin

A watan Nuwamba shekarar 1996, a samar da "Energomash" ƙungiya gudanar na farko gwajin na RD-180. A engine ya lashe a cikin m for installing shi a cikin "Atlas" US Lockheed Martin Corporation. Zai bukatar kawo alamar manned kumbon sama jannati. Shi ne daga yanzu a kan RD-180 injuna sun zama mafi rare.

A engine na da ikon sake mai amfani. Nagartaccen management bayar NPO "Energomash" ne kusan almara AMINCI da alaka da Amurka. A Disamba 2012 kwangila da aka yi, kamfanin samar da wani garanti a kan samar da injuna har 2019. All samarwa da aka mayar da hankali a Rasha.

Samar da maye gurbin RD-180 a cikin Amurka

Ukrainian events, sun ɓatar to takunkumi cewa takura da ikon amfani da Rasha roka injuna ga Amurka. RD-180 wajibi ne don maye gurbin analogue na American masana'antu. A watan Disamba, 2014, da House soma kyautatuwa. Yana haramta yin amfani da Rasha RD-180. A engine zai ci gaba da sayan a kan wani data kasance wadata kwangila har 2019 tsakanin "Energomash" da kuma Ula.

Duk da ci gaba da kuma hadin gwiwa da wadata na RD-180 ga data kasance kwangila, Amurka Sakataren tsaron da umarnin a ƙarshe na hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha da kuma miƙa mulki ga American aka gyara. America ne zamar masa dole ya rabu da dogara a kan Rasha a cikin soja da siyasa Sphere.

Wannan Frank Kendall (Tsaro Procurement ministan) ya ce cewa Rasha RD-180 Pentagon ba za a iya maye gurbinsu. Kamar yadda wani madadin ga wannan halin da ake ciki, Amurka ta sanar da wani m domin samar da kansa kama da halaye na injuna a da karkararta.

Rasha mataimakin firaministan kasar Dmitry Rogozin ya bayyana cewa yana shirye ya dakatar da samar da roka injuna RD-180 da kuma K-33, a Amirka.

Nawa ne a roka engine RD-180 ga Amurka

Bari mu magana game da farashin. SpaceNews ruwaito cewa bukatar maye gurbin RD-180. Amurka da irin wannan whim zai kudin $ 1.5 biliyan. Ã'a babban adadin.

Nawa ne engine RD-180? Dukan aikin domin aiwatar da samfur zai ci gaba don a kalla shekaru shida. A cewar masana, da Amurka ba zai yiwu a gaba daya watsi da amfani da RD-180 injuna. Matsalar a cikin gajeren lokaci ba za a iya warware, kamar yadda da injuna zai kasance a shirye kawai a 2022.
Duk da tabbaci daga Amurka Air Force cewa RD-180 suna samuwa a cikin warehouses a bukata adadin, da rashin ne har yanzu ba. Saboda haka, da yawa farko-rubucen da za a dage. Kudaden da ake kashewa a cikin wannan yanki zai kara zuwa $ 5 biliyan.
Duk da yake da Amurka na fafatawa da takunkumi, kasar Sin riga faruwa a kan RD-180 samarwa.

hangen zaman

Pentagon ya kasaftawa a kalla $ 162 miliyan Aerojet Rocketdyne da United Launch Alliance for ci gaban roka injuna AR1 da BE-4, 'yan takara don maye gurbin engine Rasha samar, wanda a halin yanzu tashi kara amfani Atlas V.

A Amurka Air Force kammala farko zuba jari a cikin sabon roka injuna, a matsayin soja ayan ya motsa daga ta dogara a kan Rasha RD-180, a yi amfani da Atlas V, wanda gudanar da mafiya yawa daga cikin gwamnatin Amurka da tauraron dan adam domin kafaffen sadarwa, kewayawa, kuma m taro.
Iska ta shiga jama'a-zaman haɗin gwiwa tare da Aerojet Rocketdyne da Ula, nuna rubutu kamfanoni kudi don Co-kuɗaɗen da ci gaban da engine.

Shugaba da kuma Shugaba Ula ci gaba da saduwa a cimma burin da Amurka ta fi dogara jefa tsarin a mafi araha price, da ci gaban da wani sabon engine, wanda zai gabatar da sabon gaba daya yiwuwa ga yin amfani da m sarari.

A yarjejeniyar da Aerojet Rocketdyne maida hankali ne akan ci gaba da kuma gwaji da wani roka engine AR1. Wannan ikon naúrar cewa konewa cakuda kananzir da ruwa oxygen. Wadannan su ne irin propellants, kamar yadda a cikin RD-180 engine ga Atlas V.

Aerojet Rocketdyne neman haifar da wani engine wanda ya samu takardar shaidar da airworthiness ta 2019, amma farko jefa ana sa ran kawai a shekarar 2020.
Air Force allocates akalla $ 115,3 miliyan a kan ci gaban shirin AR1, yayin da Aerojet Rocketdyne da Ula a hade zuba jari Amurka $ 57,7 dala miliyan - ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Kafin gwajin da gwamnatin yanke shawara a kan ci gaba da goyon baya ga halittar engine shirin AR1 yana da wani matsakaicin darajar $ 804 miliyan - to $ 536 da miliyan daga Air Force, kuma $ 236 da miliyan daga Aerojet Rocketdyne da Ula.

«AR1 dawo da Amurka su kan gaba wajen samar da man kananzir nukiliya roka injuna - Drake ya ce a cikin wani latsa saki. - Mun gabatar da latest ci gaba a zamani samar, yayin da speculating a kan mu arziki ilimi da samar da wani sabon ƙarni na roka injuna, duk abin da aka yi domin gabatarwar Motors wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mu dogara a kan waje kaya domin kaddamar da tsaron kasa dukiya na kasar mu. "

Engine AR1 zai hada 3D-buga sassa da kuma aiki tare da oxygen don inganta janareta gas afterburning. Wannan shi ne ya fi dacewa aiki na engine sake zagayowar, fiye da sauran halin yanzu samuwa ga ruwa hydrocarbons a Amurka roka injuna.

Engine BE-4 ne mayar da hankali na Air Force. Domin da aiwatar ake kasaftawa tsabar kudi jiko. Air Force ya amince ya biya akalla dala miliyan 46,6 United Launch Alliance for na gaba ƙarni na Vulcan makamai masu linzami. Ula The kamfanin kuma amince da su ƙara 40,8 dala miliyan karkashin sharuddan da gwamnati lambar yabo.

Zaki ya share na farko kudade - $ 45800000 - zai je da ci gaban da aikin don ƙirƙirar wani zama-4 engine cewa zai samar da 550.000 fam na dirka da kuma cinye mai hade da cryogenic liquefied iskar gas da kuma ruwa oxygen.

Biyu injuna BE-4 zai tilasta mataki na farko na roka Vulcan. Jami'ai suka ce cewa BE-4 da aka cikakken ɗ en da kamfanin da taimakon United Launch Alliance. Kudi na Air Force zai inganta ci gaba da hadewa da engine na kamfanin BE-4 m roka Vulcan.

Aerojet Rocketdyne advertises AR1 a matsayin mafi sauki domin maye gurbin da RD-180 saboda ta size da foda cakuda. AR1 biyu Motors da ake bukata don saduwa da wasan kwaikwayon na biyu bututun ƙarfe RD-180 engine Atlas V.

Ula shugabannin ce cewa engine BE-4 daga Blue Origin, harkokin kasuwanci da sarari kamfanin kafa ta Amazon.com, za su kasance a shirye nan da nan, kuma za su kyakkyawan zama sauki a warke domin sake amfani.

Duk da yake cikin RD-180 engine ya da amfani da fiye da 60 nasara gabatar da, lokacin da ya zo ga Amurka zuba jari a cikin gida da samar da irin wannan injuna.

BE-4 kamata kammala ta takardar shaida a shekara ta 2017, kuma aka nufin Ula Vulcan farko ya tashi da roka kafin karshen 2019.

The Air Force kuma shi ne] a] e da yi a cikin sarari ga 'yan saman jannati zaune a zurfin nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma tauraron dan adam da sabis.

Ula ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Blue Origin, kuma tare da Aerojet Rocketdyne. Ta tafiya tare da iri biyu na gaba ƙarni na American injuna, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa kamfanin ne a hade tare da duniya ta biyu manyan kamfanonin a cikin sarari nasarori.

Ula AR1 rike da engine daga Aerojet Rocketdyne matsayin madadin wani zaɓi. A karshe selection ana sa ran a cikin marigayi 2016.

Financial wajibai zuwa Force, kuma Aerojet Rocketdyne Ula bude bayan Fabrairu 29, 2016 bayan ya kai irin wannan yarjejeniya da SpaceX da Orbital ATK.
A sabon shiri na m roka boosters sanya ta Orbital ATK domin Ula ta Vulcan jifa ga kansa gabatarwa, za kuma karbi kudade Orbital ATK.

A inuwa daga cikin Duniya a sarari "girgije"

Rasha injuna RD-180 a Amurka ba su da wani zabi. Mataimakin shugaban Aerojet Rocketdyne Dzhim Meyzer ce cewa Amurka ba su biya isa hankali ga ci gaban nasu oxygen-kananzir prototypes.
Ya ce cewa Amurka da aka shakka lagging a baya da Rasha da kuma kasar Sin, a cikin halittar irin propulsion tsarin. Ya kuma ambata cewa ya riga ya ci gaba da oxygen-kananzir engine a Amurka, wanda ya kasance a cikin aiki Merlin 1D. Yana samar da kamfanin SpaceX. Kawai a nan tare da halaye sosai shi ne ba har zuwa RD-180.

Hakika, shi ne cikakken zance ne kawai, saboda duniya ba zai iya jefa wani gajimare a sarari ne ba inuwa. Amma a cikin harkokin siyasa ji - alas, aka jefar da.

Amurka masana'antun an kwantar da hankula, 'yan siyasa firgita

Wani babban jami'in Amurka Air Force ce da shi za su daina ƙaddamar da tsaron kasa da tauraron dan adam a kan ta Atlas V roka United Launch Alliance, idan ma'aikatar kudi ya yi imanin cewa shigo da Rasha motor ba ya karya Amurka takunkumi.

Tun da farko, Sanata Dzhon Makkeyn ya tambayi Air Force ta tabbatar da cewa 'yan reorganization a Rasha roka da kuma sarari masana'antu ba ya sa sayan RD-180 injuna domin take hakkin Amurka takunkumi kallafaffen da Rasha na gwamnati a shekara ta 2014.

Amurka hukumomin gwamnati karkashin jagorancin ma'aikatar kudi, kai wani sabo ne look at da isar da RD-180. Kuma muna shirye ba to bi zuwa takunkumi. Atlas V Grounding Halicci kawo cikas ga Pentagon fiye da da hali na tashin.

McCain da aka gudanar a ji na soja cosmodrome, inda ya yi kira a kan BBC don samun wani sabo doka ra'ayin cewa shigo RD-18O karya Amurka takunkumi a kan Rasha jami'an wadannan annexation na Crimean sashin a Ukraine.

McCain ware fitar biyu high-ranking Rasha jami'an: Rasha mataimakin firaministan kasar Dmitry Rogozin kuma Sergei Chemezov, da shawara na shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin. Suna da, har sai kwanan nan, sun sanya ido a cikin sarari kansu. Ko da yake ba su da kudi amfani daga sayar da RD-180, takunkumi da aka hõre ta a kansu.

28 Disamba Putin umarni Rasha sarari bangaren da aka sake tsarafa. Wannan sake fasalin kudin sa sabawa da Rasha sarari masana'antu da kuma sarari dillancin "Roskosmos" a karkashin sabon jama'a kamfani, wanda kuma ake kira "Roskosmos". McCain ya bayyana cewa, wannan kungiyar da aka halin yanzu karkashin jagorancin Rogozin. Chemezov ma ya yi da shi. Rogozin da Chemezov kasance daga cikin na farko Rasha na aikin da suka karbi izini a lokacin Ukrainian rikicin. Babu daya kuma bã da sauran ba zai iya shiga Amurka. Dukiya da cewa su mallaka, an daskarewa.