Ina Lapland Reserve. Lapland Muciya Reserve

Shin ka taba ji game da shahararre Lapland? Hakika a! Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa ya sani game da wanzuwar Lapland Reserve. Mene ne ya shahara? Yadda yake aiki? A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin amsa wadannan da wasu tambayoyi da suka shafi wannan ban mamaki wuri.

Don fara, gano inda Lapland Reserve. An located a arewa, a Murmansk yankin. Ya riga kusan shekaru 100 da haihuwa, kuma a Bugu da kari ga wannan wurin zama na Santa Claus akwai da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa ga talakawa yawon bude ido da kuma kimiyya. A Reserve ta ƙasa rinjayar da size - shi ne fiye da 278 435 kadada, 8574 wadda daukan ruwa yanki na tabkuna da koguna. Saboda wannan size of Lapland Nature Reserve ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a Turai.

labarin

Wannan buffer zone da aka halitta da yanke shawara Lenoblispolkoma a Janairu 1930. A waɗannan kwanaki, da Kola Larabawa mallakar ga kwamitin zartarwa na Leningrad yankin. Shekaru 20 ya na reindeer ajiye ƙasashe, amma an rufe for wani m lokaci a shekarar 1951. Abin farin, wannan halin da ake ciki an warware gwada da sauri, ajiye Lapland da aka bude a sake bayan shekaru biyar, rajista da kuma samu matsayi na jihar.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa "Lapland" Iyakar canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma mafi sau da yawa a cikin shugabanci na ragewa. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaban da albarkatun ma'adinai a rabi na biyu na karni na karshe a kan Monchetundra yankuna. Duk da wannan, a cikin shekarar 1983, zuwa ajiye shi aka a haɗe sosai m yanki a yammacin (129,577 ha). Yana da aka daidaita zuwa kusan 100% na asali yankin. A ƙasar jihar ya kasaftawa "Lapland" a diyya ga rage watsi a cikin disrepair shuka "Severonikel" a ƙasar gabashin ɓangare na ajiye.

A tsakiyar Fabrairu 1985 Lapland Jihar Muciya Reserve aka dauka karkashin kariyar UNESCO a matsayin biosphere ajiye. Project "Fantastic Lapland" da aka kaddamar shekaru goma daga baya (1995). Tun daga nan, da ajiye fara wakiltar ba kawai da bincike da kuma muhalli, amma kuma wani al'adu darajar.

Lapland Nature Reserve - wuri mai faɗi

A cikin kwanaki na Valdai glaciation Kola Larabawa rufe wannan kankara takardar, wanda yake rufe Greenland yau. Ya bace da 10,000 da suka wuce, da barin Shefela da karfi kunya na moraine da gleiser-smoothed kankara iko jimloli, wanda ake kira "naman tunkiya gõshinansu". Bayan glaciation akwai kusan babu sedimentary kankara. Suna maye gurbinsu danda yadudduka na Archean shekaru, yafi gneisses.

Bayan da narkewa glaciers sararin yankunan da Kola Larabawa dogon komai. Da farko, da iskõki da tsuntsaye kawo a nan musũ lichens da kuma mosses, ciyawa tsaba. Shuke-shuke da gudummawar da m halakar da dutse image na Kola Larabawa da kuma samuwar gona. Quite da sauri badlands zaunar kwaro, wanda sun gudummawar da jũyãwar wuri mai faɗi.

Sai suka fara samar da gandun daji da kuma tundra, ƙarshe shan da ba form.

Rivers, da kõguna

Lapland Nature Reserve (Monchegorsk) da aka wakilta tartsatsi jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke na arewacin Eurasia. Saboda gabanin glaciation zuwa wannan ƙasa, a matsayin, lalle ne, ga dukkan Scandinavia, ne halin da cikakken rashi na endemic jinsunan.

Lapland yanayin kasa halitta kawai kwanan nan, don haka da aiwatar da gabatar da waje na daban-daban sabon jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke ne har yanzu gudana. Species bambancin da Fauna da Flora ne kullum canja, shi ne gwada da kananan.

Lapland ajiye girma ƙwarai, a cikin kõguna da sauri dutsen qarqashinsu. A wasu wuraren, su ne m, da m banki na sod. A wasu sites, suka Rapids a ambaliyar ruwa da fari hutu.

Mutane da yawa a cikin ajiye kananan da manyan tabkuna, da na dutse, da kuma wani lokacin da yashi ko an rufe shi da sedge bankuna. River kwaruruka budewa Yagelnaya gandun daji. Cover mountainsides Inuwa spruce-zelenomoshniki. Wide kwaruruka da marẽmari, wanda aka kẽwayesu da kunkuntar tsiri na m Birch itatuwa, cike da koyaswa babbar watsi da duwatsu, wanda yake rufe haske aibobi na multicolored lichen.

The most lake - Imandra, wani yanki na 880 km ^2. An located fiye da 150 tsibiran. The most waɗansu kõguna - Strelna, Varzuga, Umba.

tundra

Lapland Nature Reserve (Murmansk yankin) daban-daban da ciyayi, wanda aka ƙaddara ta Gwargwadon wuri - 120 km arewa na Arctic Circle - da kuma dutsen wuri mai faɗi. Bayan da narkewa daga cikin kankara surface na kasar gona zaunar lichens da kuma mosses. A cikin matsananci yanayi na dutsen tundra, reindeer gansakuka kowa dutsen - a fi so delicacy na reindeers. A wasu wuraren, suka canza kyãwãwa shrubs, crowberry, blueberries, cranberries, bearberry. Su cu] anya, kuma rhododendron bushes kuropatochey ciyawa (Dryad).

A wasu wuraren, akwai kanti ko matashi-dimbin yawa saxifrage, Linnaeus low ovsyannitsa, Dwarf Birch. A flowering zamani na wadannan wurare ne musamman kyau.

iyakacin duniya taiga

Daya daga cikin manyan kadara na Lapland Reserve Forest yankunan suna girma a kan waɗannan ƙasashe daga 3 zuwa 10 shekara dubu. A talakawan shekaru bishiyoyi ne na girma a nan for shekaru 300. Wasu samfurori isa wani tsawo na 15 mita. Active ci gaba da iyakacin duniya taiga saboda mun gwada m sauyin yanayi da kuma cikakken rashi na permafrost a subsoil Layer.

A cikin hunturu, kasar gona da aka kare snow, da kuma saboda ba su da wuyar freezes. Bishiyoyi girma sannu a hankali, amma isa wani sosai m size, shi ba ƙarfafu girma stock na gandun daji tundra na Siberia.

A gida Pine yana short needles cewa yana ba da shekaru uku, kuma a gare game da shekara bakwai. A cikin 'yan shekaru, wannan irin da aka gane a matsayin mai raba form - Pine Vries.

Saba zuwa mu spruce sauya a cikin ajiye Siberian spruce da halayyar ga irin wannan kananan Cones.

Subarctic da warty Birch tsiro a spruce gandun daji da kuma a cikin gandun daji. Sparse undergrowth kunshi wani dutse ash, Juniper Siberian, goat Willow da sauran jinsunan Willows.

A ƙasa da ciyayi Layer Reserve tartsatsi Evergreen shrubs - crowberry, lingonberry, Linnaeus, blueberries, da dama jinsunan wintergreen. Akwai da yawa Evergreen herbaceous shuke-shuke - Luzula pilosa, gashi ciyawa.

Yalwa bayyana gansakuka Layer. A Pine gandun daji na mosses ne yawanci a hade tare da lichens cladonia (mai tsayi, deerskin da kuma taushi). A sama da iyaka da gandun daji da aka alama a wata tsawo na 380 m.

Animals na Lapland Nature Reserve

A yanayin wannan kyakkyawan wuri ba za a dauke ruwan tekun Atlantika. Don ƙarni, da Sami sun samu nasarar tsunduma a reindeer herding kuma, daidai da, exterminating da yara.

By farkon karni na karshe, a cikin Lapland akwai 'yan kaxan reindeer da kuma manyan da yara.

reindeer

A wajen yamma, da Kola Larabawa a wancan lokacin ya kasance ne kawai game da mutum ɗari da reindeer.

Yana da ya wajaba a yi gaggawa matakan kare wadannan dabbobi, don haka a 1930, kuma an shirya ta Lapland Reserve. Ba da da ewa kariya matakan ya ba na farko da sakamako mai kyau.

Yau da ajiye ne kullum rayuwa fiye da dubu mutane. Deer fi son gandun daji-belomoshniki da dutsen-tundra wuri mai faɗi. Lapland kasa shakatawa arziki a suka fi so abinci - reindeer gansakuka. Godiya ga dogon lokacin da tsaro da ayyukan na Reserve daji deer yada duk kan yankin, a sama da dukan a cikin duwatsu da kuma dazukan yammacin ɓangare.

A farkon karni XX a Lapland Muciya Reserve bayan wani dogon rashi koma beavers da muz. Sha'awa, da muz zo zuwa wadannan wurare a kudu da kudu maso yammacin kansu, amma beavers aka musamman kawo daga ajiye na birnin Voronezh. Duk da yake duka biyu jinsuna ne wanda bai isa.

da yara

Lapland Nature Reserve ne a kan karkararta, da kuma manyan da yara. Mafi na kowa ruwan kasa bear. Wolverines, Wolves da lynxes ne 'yan. Akwai ma Foxes, amma da lambar ne kadan. Weasel, marten, ermine faruwa quite sau da yawa. Ake yin dusar ƙanƙara winters ne quite dadi ga rai na voles kuma lemmings.

tsuntsãye

Dukan tsuntsayen da cewa zauna Lapland Reserve, to bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a cikin wani gajeren labarin ne ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka, a yau za mu tsare kanmu zuwa ga waɗanda nau'in a wannan ajiye da babban muhalli darajar.

Nesting da hijirarsa da aka lura 20 jinsunan waterfowl. Ya kamata a lura a kananan, karami fari-fronted Goose. Kwanan nan, irin wannan hanzari bace, kusan duk ƙasa na yankin. Ba kamar sauran arewacin geese, fronted Goose sheƙarsu a kan gaba na dutse kõguna da kõguna.

A farko wuri a kan darajar da ajiye ne shagaltar da takaddamarsu - takaddamarsu, capercaillie, black takaddamarsu, ptarmigan da tundra. A karshen jinsunan zaune a dutsen tundra, da sauran kwana a cikin dazuzzuka.

Irin wannan ganima da kuma rare tsuntsaye kamar ungulu, zinariya mikiya, shaho, da fari-tailed mikiya, da ajiye ji gaba daya dadi.

owls

Wakilai daga waɗannan tsuntsaye son gaya mana more. Yana da wuya a sami a duniya wani irin wuri a matsayin Lapland Jihar Muciya Reserve, inda quite manyan, amma iyakance zuwa karkarar sanaki takwas jinsunan owls.

Mafi na kowa da irin - a kananan shaho mujiya. Ta wani wakilin 'yan asalin jinsunan arewacin gandun daji. Its plumage blends a cikin rijiya da baya wanda aka halitta da arewacin Birch.

Ta " 'yar'uwar" - Great Gray Mujiya - shi ne mafi girma mujiya boreal gandun daji, amma same shi quite rare. Ya fi son su rayu a cikin dazuzzuka, alternating tare da bude sarari, misali, tare da sphagnum bogs.

Boreal da kuma gajeren mujiya - da karami mujiya a Rasha. Ta ya zaɓa don ya zauna tare da takaice spruce kuma fir kuma Birch gandun daji.

Marsh mujiya, Ural mujiya , da mikiya mujiya - mafi girma a duniya fauna. 'Yan kaɗan, amma shi ne quite hali na Lapland Reserve fari ko na iyakacin duniya owls.

Saboda gaskiya cewa a cikin Arctic dare haske, owls suna tilasta su tashi a kan wani farauta a cikin hasken rana. White Nights kakar ne dogon - ɗari da kwanaki (daga farkon watan Mayu har biyu da rabi na Agusta). A wannan lokaci da owls bukatar girma da kuma ciyar da kajin. Saboda haka, don ganin wani tsuntsu mujiya a cikin yini ne mai sauki a kiyaye.

Za ka iya akai-akai a gani a reserves fadama mujiya. Yana tashi sannu a hankali bude sarari, neman ganima. Kamar mafi yawan owls, yana da mafi muhimmanci azanci shine sashin jiki kunne ne, ko da yake ta idanu ba za a iya kira mai rauni.

Lokacin da hasken rana a cikin gandun daji za a iya gani hawkish mujiya. Biyu jinsunan owls nuna hali quite covertly, za su iya kawai hadu kwatsam. Su sa su "ajiya" a cikin hollows bishiyoyi. Ga su kawo ajiya na gawa na kananan hakori, kuma wani lokacin kananan tsuntsaye.

Ko da more wuya a samu da mujiya da dogon-tailed tawny mujiya. An haife dayansu. Bugu da kari ga kananan hakori, wanda su ne tushen su rage cin abinci, suna ba ƙi ci daban-daban da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Mujiya kama takaddamarsu da kuma squirrels, kada ku miss da damar da shawo kan ermine.

Most mujiya a cikin Lapland ajiye sau da yawa ke farauta ita takaddamarsu, hares da takaddamarsu. Akwai lokuta idan ya samu nasarar farauta marten. Duk da haka, a lokacin da wani kuskure ya iya zama wanda aka azabtar.

Owls, godiya ji wurare ne iya kama hakori karkashin wani lokacin farin ciki Layer da dusar ƙanƙara, sai kusan dukkan jinsunan, fãce eared Mujiya, an zaunar.

kimiyya da ayyukan

Babban shugabanci na kimiyya aiki na Lapland Reserve - don kula da kara yawan daji reindeer a cikin dukan ƙasar da Kola Larabawa. Bugu da kari, da ma'aikatan ayyuka sun hada da ci gaba da sa ido da kuma bincike na kusa ajiye na masana'antu Enterprises a kan yanayi da kuma da lafiyar qasa. A bambancin Flora da fauna janyo hankalin ba kawai na gida ma'aikatan ne sau da yawa masana kimiyya daga kasashen waje.

A binciken da na rai yanayi da kuma halaye na daji barewa ya fara a shekara ta 1929, kafin a bude na ajiye. A farko records na wadannan dabbobi ya M. Kreps dutsen hunturu.

balaguro din

Lapland Nature Reserve - wani picturesque wuri. Bugu da kari ga mai ban mamaki dutsen shimfidar wuri, tsoho gandun daji da kuma dabbobin daji, za ka iya samun matsahi na saba da al'adu na Sami, kuma a cikin hunturu je a kan wata ziyara zuwa hasumiyar Santa Claus.

Reserve ziyara ne kawai zai yiwu ta na da tsari da management. Don shirya wani yawon shakatawa, dole ne ka yi amfani da sama da lamba bayani in ajiye online.