Isolating sunadaran a ilmin halitta. Nau'in isolating sunadaran misalai

Ba wanda za yi musu cewa, hakikanin abinda ke kewaye da mu ne jitu da kuma m. Ko da abin da ko wanda ya yi imani mutanen da ke kewaye da shi amma da ya gani ba kawai kyakkyawa da bambancin, amma kuma jitu domin a cikin abin da babu wani wuri a cikin hargitsi. Musamman a fili bayyana a cikin sarari desirability na duniya na dabba. All rauni, mummuna, ba tare da ikon haifa lafiya zuriya share jingine sakamako na juyin dalilai, na farko, da zabin yanayi. Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga da kuma nazarin halittu aiwatar kamar yadda haihuwa kadaici.

Wannan, kazalika da sauran siffofin m sunadaran, tsaye tsaro a wani gene pool na shuka, dabba da mutum, za mu yi la'akari a cikin wannan takarda.

Canja wuri da hereditary dabiu - babban dũkiyar rai al'amari

Sake bugun - mafi muhimmanci tsari da abin da sosai kasancewar sabon abu na yiwu rayuwa a duniya. Ko da kuwa da matakin da ta kungiyar, fara daga mafi sauki da kuma kawo karshen tare da dabbobi masu shayarwa, hadi (shuke-shuke - pollination), manyan zuwa fitowan da mai yiwuwa, m zũriyarmu, na faruwa ne kawai tsakanin mutane na da yawan jama'a na wannan nau'in. Babu shakka cewa akwai halitta insulating sunadaran iko pollination ko copulation.

Hakika, ba zai yi jinyar da yiwuwar lokuta na interbreeding. Da suka faru duka biyu ta halitta da kuma artificially gudanar - mutumin, amma ko da yaushe ba Yunƙurin ga wani zuriyarsa tare da mai illa fahimcin muhimmancin ko bakararre hybrids. Isar da shi a lõkacin infertile alfadarai - zuriya samu ta hanyar su tsallaka wani jaki da wani Mare. Kamar yadda za a iya gani, akwai wasu sojojin wanda za a iya gani, kamar yadda wasu jinsunan isolating sunadaran. Mun ayyana su a mafi daki-daki.

Nau'in na matakai manyan zuwa da zaman lafiyar na gene pool na alƙaryu

A ka'idar juyin halitta, wanda yake shi ne samfurin na hadin gwiwa kimiyya aiki na masana kimiyya kamar Charles Darwin, AN Severtsev, G. Spencer, la'akari da wadannan, wanda suke tartsatsi mamaki da taimako zuwa ga zaman lafiyar da wanzuwar jinsin: da kasa, muhalli da kuma haihuwa kadaici. Biology Sashen - yawan halittar jini, shi ne aiki nazarin canje-canje faruwa a gene pool al'ummomin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Su ne sakamakon irin abubuwan da na raƙuman ruwa na rayuwa da kuma kayyade gantali.

Waccan mujalla da muka reshe na nazarin halittun tabbatar da rawar da m dalilai, da nufin tsare conservatism karyotypes mutane a yawan jama'a da kuma hana Inter-yawan crosses. Next, za mu gano irin isolating inji kira muhalli, da kuma abin da yake da muhimmanci a rike akai abun da ke ciki na genes a wata alƙarya.

Rawar da muhalli da yanayi a adana daga cikin gene pool al'ummomin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

A sakamakon phylogeny - tarihi ci gaba da jinsunan, ta mutane, samar da yawan rai a cikin iyakoki na wani ƙasa, da ake kira mazauninsu. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi hulɗa tare da muhalli dalilai, kazalika da al'ummomi daga wasu jinsunan da cewa rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, wato, ya zauna a wani muhalli alkuki. Don rage tsanani da gasar tsakanin jama'a da wannan nau'in, akwai wasu kadaici hanyoyin tabbatar da, misali, bambanci na bukatun na biyu kungiyoyin game da irin abinci. Saboda haka, fis weevil irin ƙwaro haifar biyu kwaro al'ummu: daya ci tsaba Peas, da sauran - da wake.

A haihuwa lokaci, saboda fodder amfanin gona da girma a cikin daban-daban zones, biyu daga alƙarya da kwayoyin ba haye juna.

Sharuddan haifuwa da su muhimmanci a tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na kayyade yawan

Abubuwan da muhimmanci impede ko gaba daya kashe da pollination ko copulation tsakanin kwayoyin tsanaki Categories hada da isolating sunadaran cewa sarrafa lokaci na haifuwa na mutane. Alal misali, flowering makiyaya ciyawa, wanda ke tsiro a estuaries, correlatively da alaka da wucin gadi lõkacin fatara daga cikin spring ruwan tufana. Shuke-shuke da cewa rayuwa kai tsaye a kan rairayin bakin teku da kuma a cikin ruwa lokacin ne dogon karkashin ruwa, Bloom daga baya fiye da wadanda mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin rinjayar gajere ambaliyar ruwa, ko wani ambaliyar ruwa. Saboda wasu dalilai panmixia (giciye-pollination) tsakanin shuke-shuke da suke zaune a sassa daban daban na fadamun, ya bace, tun da maturation na pollen da suka faru a daban-daban sau. A sakamakon haka, images of da dama daga alƙarya da makiyaya ciyawa, daban-daban kiwo lokaci.

The juyin rawar da rufi

Population halittar jini ya kafa da cewa da rashin iyawa na gene musayar tsari tsakanin kwayoyin na daban-daban jinsi ko al'umma take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa genotypes mutane faruwa gaba ɗaya daban-daban na maye gurbi, kuma ya musanya aukuwar matsayin rinjaye da kuma recessive alleles. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa gene tafkunansu alƙarya mafi daban-daban daga juna. Wannan, sãɓã wa jũnamai zai shafi, na farko, siffofin karbuwa ga abiotic muhalli dalilai. A kan abin da yake dogara ne a kan?

M effects daban-daban na rufi

Yana dogara ne a kan juna muhalli da kuma haihuwa isolating sunadaran. Biology, musamman ta sashe - ka'idar juyin halitta, yayi daidai da tasiri a kan bayyanuwar wannan duniya tsari, da bambanta rarrabuwar, watau bambanta rarrabuwar halaye da kuma kaddarorin kwayoyin. Shi ya ta'allaka ne a zuciyar microevolution - aiwatar da zai kai ga samuwar farko sub-jinsuna, sa'an nan, da kuma sabon nau'in a yanayi.

Yaya yanayin kadaici

A o, da kuma ilmin dabbobi, masana kimiyya suna biyan tsanani da hankali ga abubuwan da rage kusan zuwa ba kome yiwuwar free mararraba tsakanin mutane da wannan nau'in. Ya samu sunan yankin da take warewa. Sai ya juya daga cewa kaifi canji a cikin ƙasa ke lazimta tare da fitowan da cikas cewa ba Yunƙurin zuwa muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance tsakanin kwayoyin.

Su ba da labari, musamman, da lokaci na gamete maturation lokacin copulation ko pollination. Duk wadannan abubuwan da za a iya hade a daya lokaci - haihuwa kadaici. Mene ne sakamakon ga wanzuwar wata alƙarya shi take kaiwa?

ãyõyin bambanta rarrabuwar

Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa yawan jama'ar da kwayoyin da cewa suna da irin wannan kwayoyin da farko, a kan lokaci da zama a manyan bamban dabiu saboda bacewar kamar guda abinci, da kuma yiwuwar free mararraba. Wuyar Tsallakewa jiki shingen a cikin nau'i na samu karaya na nahiyoyi, kiwon dutsen jeri, waɗansu kõguna zube zama ruwan dare al'umma na mutane daga juna. Shi ne a cikin wannan hanya tasowa namun daji. A misalai aka nana kwatanta Gwargwadon kadaici a matsayin wani muhimmin inji na kebantaccen. Saboda haka, kungiyar Australiya marsupial dabbobi masu shayarwa a bãyan rabuwa daga zamanin d nahiyar Gondwana, da gagarumin ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological bambance-bambance daga zamani Turai jinsunan cewa ka fito bayan da Great glaciation.

Charles Darwin a kan sunadaran da kebantaccen

The duniya-mashahuri mahaliccin da ka'idar zabin yanayi, da Turanci halittu Charles Darwin, ya gano da tuki sojojin na ci gaba, abu zuwa fitowan da sabon azuzuwan, umarni da iyalan rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau a cikin ayyukan kimiyyar da aka bayyana a kasa da kuma muhalli kadaici sunadaran. Misalan wadannan manifestations, sai ya tara daga lura a lokacin da ya shahara tafiya a duniya. Darwin ga kuma sketched daban-daban na kananan tsuntsaye da suke zaune a kan Galapagos Islands. Birds sun ban mamaki bambance-bambance a cikin siffar mai baki, jiki size, ciyar da daban-daban abinci.

Lokacin da ketare tare da juna mutane mun gaba daya rasa ikon samar da m zuriyarsa. Bisa ga masu bincike, da manyan nisa tsakanin tsibiran da sãɓã, su Flora da fauna ya haddasa samuwar dama subspecies, sa'an nan samo asali a cikin raba jinsunan. Mun dauki wani layi na ci gaba, abu don samuwar sabon nau'in, a cikin abin da dukan aka motsi yanzu data kasance namun daji. A misalai da muka tattauna a sama, ya nuna irin muhimmiyar rawar da na sarari hanyoyin hana da alama na crosses tsakanin daban-daban alƙarya da kwayoyin da cewa yana yiwuwa take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar sabon din raka'a.