Jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk": tarihi, description na yi, halaye. A mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk"

"Petropavlovsk" - jirgin ruwa na soja, da zarar mallakar da Rasha na mallaka Navy. Ya kasance shugaba na 1st Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda ya dauki kashi a Rasha-Japanese War. A karshen watan Maris 1904 da jirgin ya nutse a kusa da Port Arthur, tako a kan wani maƙiyi nawa. Mutuwar sa ta daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi shafukan a cikin tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa.

jirgin Construction

A Jigo na Rasha Baltic rundunar motoci a kan wani kara shirin bunkasa a 1890 ya kasance wani mataki mai girma na Jamus sojojin ruwa. A cikin biyar m shekaru da shi shirin gina 50 hallaka, 10 battleships, kazalika da dama Cruisers da gunboats. Aka yanke shawarar zuwa sunan duk da jirgin ruwa na soja bayan da sojojin fadace-fadace da kuma Rasha jiragen ruwa a cikin XVIII da XIX ƙarni. A musamman, da sunan "Petropavlovsk" ne saboda nasarar sojojin Rasha kare da tashar jiragen ruwa na Petropavlovsk a Kamchatka.

Jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" ya fara gina Maris 19, 1892, da kuma ta na aikin kwanciya ya faru a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu a St. Petersburg. Yana da aka samu halartar Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III. Bayan kawai biyu da rabi shekaru, wato 28 Oktoba 1894, shi da aka saukar a cikin ruwa. armadillo gwaje-gwaje ya faru a karshen 1897 da kuma farkon 1899 Bayan da jirgin ya cika sanye take da zama dole makamai, sai ya tafi a kan ta farko da tafiya zuwa Far East, inda shi ya nuna da kyau kwarai seaworthiness. A general, armadillo "Petropavlovsk" a lokacin da aka daukarsa da-m jirgin tare da m high iyakar gudu 16,86 kullin.

Jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk": bayanin irin zane

Wannan jirgin, kazalika da sauran armadillos type "Poltava", yana da wani m m jiki siffar: hukumar sanya sama da babban bene, kamar yadda aka barjat ciki. Wannan yanayin ne mafi yawa hali na Faransa jiragen ruwa. Yana ƙyale da yawa sauƙaƙa da nauyin da ƙwanso sama da ruwa. A tsawon waterline ya 112,5 m, da nisa daga - 21,3 m, mai laka Laden - 8.6 m.

A jirgin ya taso feed da uku cikas: da babba, main, ko batir, da kuma kasa. The gidaje yana da wani mike kara da rago, protruded ta 2 m. Yana da aka goyan bayan shpironom waje da kuma cikin da sulke bene. A jirgin da uku masts: grot- da foremast, kazalika da samun iska, located tsakanin biyu chimneys. A karshen su ya ƙananan, wanda shi ne babban alama wannan jirgin (ga. Photo na jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk").

booking

A wannan batun, da jirgin ruwa ba ya bambanta daga sauran jiragen ruwa na wannan aji. Ya yi wani babban makamai bel tsawo na 2,29 m da kuma tsawon mita 73,15, wanda aka located a waterline, wanda ya kare boilers, kayan aiki da kuma kasa turrets. A game da 65% na jimlar jiki tsawon. kauri da makamai a sassa daban daban na jirgin muhimmanci daban-daban. Saboda haka, da cibiyar da jirgin ana kiyaye shi ta makamai zuwa 406 mm, da kuma babban wuta hasumiyai sanye take da 305-mm faranti.

Sama da babban makamai bel ya mafi girma, wanda ya kai zamo daga cikin manyan hasumiyarki. Its kauri ya 127 mm, da tsawo - 2,29 m, da kuma tsawon -. About 50 m Bugu da kari, da hasumiya da babban wuta barbettes ma aka karfafa makamai 254 mm a kauri, da kuma talakawan - 127-mm faranti. Amma hudu 152-mm bindigogi da kuma ba su da wani kariya, a cikin Baya ga daidaitattun gefen plating.

manyan bindigogi

Armadillo zamo bindigogi babban wakilci hudu bindigogi da aka located in nau'i-nau'i a tsananin kuma ku yi rukũ'i hasumiyarki. Su juyawa kuma a tsaye hanya shiriya yi da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, da kuma harsasai feed - ta hanyar lantarki actuators. Medium-zamo kamar bindigogi kunshi goma sha biyu bindigogi Kane, takwas daga waɗanda suke cikin biyu-gun turrets, da kuma sauran da aka sanya tsakanin su.

Mine manyan bindigogi da aka wakilta 38 cannons Hotchkiss da aka warwatse ko'ina cikin ƙasa na jirgin. Armed hari Baranowski da biyu bindigogi. Dangane da halin da ake ciki, su za a iya shigar duka biyu a kan dabaran da shafi littafi-mãla'iku a kan karusai.

Rasha-Japanese yaki

A dare, Janairu 27, 1904 da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" da sauran, daga jirgi da cewa yin up Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki, shi ne a kan kai hari kusa da Port Arthur. Nan da nan da Rasha jiragen ruwa da aka kai hari da Japan hallaka, wanda kora a shi 16 torpedoes. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da rundujar soja masu dawaki da aka gaba daya unprepared ga wannan da ya faru da kuma bai iya yadda ya kamata tare da abokan gaba.

A tarzomar da rikice, ya ta'allaka ne da cewa Admiral Spark iya ba yi imani da cewa yaki da Japan, da kuma kusan awa da umarnin don canja wurin sakonni daga flagship "Petropavlovsk" da ake bukata ba su bude wuta. Kuma a wannan lokacin makiya torpedo ya buga fitar da Rasha jirgin ruwa na soja "Pallada" da kuma armadillos "Retvizan" da "Crown Prince".

By safe, da Japan babban karfi kunshi tara Cruisers, da kuma shida battleships, wanda hada da jiragen ruwa da kuma Admiral H. Togo, ya haifar kusa Port Arthur. Su tsunduma abokan gaba tare da Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda dade ba fiye da minti 40. Bayan haka, Japan suka tattara. Wannan yaki ba ya kawo gagarumin sakamakon wani daga cikin yaƙe jam'iyyun, ko da yake da dama, daga jirgi da lalace. Daga cikin su kasance da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk". Yana asashe 'yan bawo, amma ba su sa yawa lalacewa, don haka ba zai shafi fama iyawa daga cikin jirgin.

A sabon kwamandan na rundujar soja masu dawaki,

A farkon zamanin na yaki a sakamakon m jagorancin Admiral walƙiya Rasha rundunar rasa da dama daga cikin jiragen ruwa. Bayan ya yi murabus aka nada rundujar soja masu dawaki kwamandan mataimakin Admiral S. O. Makarova, wanda ya iso Port Arthur a karshen Fabrairu 1904 ya tada flag on na farko jirgin ruwa na soja "Askold", sa'an nan canjawa wuri shi zuwa ga jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk".

A kan watan gobe da jirgin karkashin umurnin S. O. Makarova sau da yawa ya tafi zuwa teku zuwa aiki daga wani shirin hadin gwiwa horar da. A daya daga cikin wadannan kwanaki tsakanin Japan da kuma Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki skirmish faru da sa'o'i biyu, duk da haka, saboda ma manyan nisa projectiles bai isa ga manufa da kuma ya fāɗa a ruwa. Kawai sau daya a volley daga jirgin "Nasara", a kwamitin da suke dogon zangon bindigogi, gudanar ya lalata maƙiyi jirgin ruwa na soja "Fuji".

wayo shirin

Japan Admiral H. Togo ɓullo da wani shiri don toshe da Rasha jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Port Arthur da-wuta-jirãge. Jigon da ya Shirin ya zare jiki kafa fili mai bom, sa'an nan kuma tafarkin da shi mike Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, koto ya zama wani naúrar, kunsha da dama Cruisers.

Wannan shirin da aka za'ayi da dare 31 ga watan Maris. Rasha jiragen ruwa hange Japan tawagar, amma bai kai farmaki shi. Sai suka kama su ga nasu hallaka aika S. O. Makarovym a kan sintiri na dare a Elliot Island yankin. Jim kadan bayan da biyu jiragen ruwa a bahar - "Last" da "Brave" - ko ta yaya ya tsira daga babban naúrar, sa'an nan ya raba, da kuma duk ya fara yi aiki da kansu. Bayan kai da ake so tsibiran da ba gano abokan gaba a wannan lokaci, shida Rasha hallaka koma zuwa Port Arthur. Bãyansu, "m" a cikin duhu, ya dauki wani Japan detachment ga kuma shiga da shi. Amma lokacin da safe ya zo, da kuma Rasha hallakarwa aka gano da abokan gaba, ya aka nan da nan suka kai hari. A lokacin da taƙaitaccen yaƙi, ya aka buga da kuma sunk. Don taimake shi aka aiko da jirgin ruwa na soja "Bayan", wanda gudanar da ajiye kawai 'yan matuƙan.

A mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk"

Kada ka yi jira ga dukan rundujar soja masu dawaki da kuma bayar da umurnin da trawl hari S. O. Makarov a kan jirgin ruwa na soja tare da "Poltava" da kuma wasu hudu Cruisers da safe ya tafi zuwa ga site na ambaliya "Munin" hallakarwa. Wannan lokaci ya gudanar tare da wani matsaloli da su domin kubuta da makiya fili mai bom. A wannan lokaci a kan sararin sama ya bayyana a 'yan Japan Cruisers, wanda na "Petropavlovsk" bude wuta. Makiya fara tattara zuwa gabas, amma nan da nan da ya taimaka zo da babban sojojin. Ganin wannan, da Rasha, jirãge juya zuwa Port Arthur. Domin biyu na jirgin ruwa na soja shiga a kan hanya a gare su - "Peresvet" da "Nasara". Bayan haka, S. O. Makarov yanke shawarar sake su matsa kusa da abokan gaba da kuma gangarawa madaidaiciya zuwa jefa bam da Japan shafin.

A 9 hr. 43 min. Maris 31, 1904 at nuna na jirgin "Petropavlovsk" da ta gefen dama na jirgin ruwa fashewa. Ya ya samu rauni hanci hasumiyar babban wuta, sabõda haka, ya tashi da harsasai. Fashewar wani ikon da aka jefa overboard hanci 305-mm turret, shrouds da chimneys. Bugu da kari, akwai wani auka na foremast, wanda ya hallaka cikin shasi da kwamandan gadoji. Jirgin ruwa na soja sannu a hankali nutse ta baka, kuma nan da nan ya yi tsawa, da kuma na karshe m fashewa - a cikin ƙaho up boilers. Bayan haka, jirgin ya barke a biyu da sauri suka tafi a karkashin ruwa.

effects

Jirgin, wanda aka aiko zuwa cece tsira, iya karba kawai game da mutane 80. Daga cikin su su ne kyaftin NM Yakovlev da kuma dan uwan na Nicholas II, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich. Amma S. O. Makarov goma da goma sha takwas-sikelin jirgin jami'an da aka kashe. Fashewar da'awar rayuwar fiye da ɗari shida matuƙan. Bugu da kari, an gano cewa, a cikin jirgin da jirgin a lokacin shi ne, kuma VV Vereshchagin - da aka sani artist, wanda ya mutu a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" tare da sauran ma'aikatan jirgin. Aikinsa ya yi almara a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda sa'an nan zai zama da amfani ga rubutu nan gaba hotuna.

A fashewa da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" yana da matukar illa sakamakon wannan ya shafi fama ayyuka a ko'ina cikin Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki. Ba wai kawai cewa sojojin ruwa rasa daya daga cikin mafi kyau battleships, haka ya rasa, da kuma wani talented Oganeza da kuma shugaban da tsaro na Port Arthur - Admiral S. O. Makarova, wanda aka sosai auna kuma suna aukaka na ƙasa da. Ya ba su kasance iya samun wani m maye har sai ƙarshen Rasha-Japanese yaki. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa wani mai shaida ga mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja da aka injiniya da kuma kirkiro MP plaque. Wannan taron da kuma ba shi da ra'ayin halicci wannan rabo daga jirgi, kamar yadda karkashin ruwa nawa yadudduka.

memory

A karshen watan Yuni 1913, a gaban Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II a Kronstadt kaddamar da wani abin tunawa ga S. O. Makarovu. Marubucin wannan aikin ne sculptor L. V. Shervud, wanda aka nuna a kan pedestal na mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk". A cikin 100th tunawa da bala'i a St. Petersburg da aka kafa plaque, wanda aka nuna sunayen duk 635 mambobi ne na ma'aikatan wannan jirgin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin ɗakin sujada sadarwa. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, a cikin tẽku haikali mai ceto a Waters yana da wani commemorative tagulla farantin. Kuma ga wadanda sha'awar a cikin jirãge, su sami damar yin hannuwansu zuwa yin jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk", wanda da model za a iya sauƙi samu a qware albarkatu.

search

A marigayi 2011, wani hadin gwiwa Rasha-Sin search balaguro, wanda manufarsa shine kafa daidai location daga cikin shahararrun jirgin na mutuwa da aka kafa. The search for da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" da aka gudanar a kasar Sin a fannin Lushun (da Port Arthur). Membobi na balaguro a cikin Yellow Sea da aka gano ta a karfe tsararru da ciwon tsawon da nisa daga game da 90 zuwa 13 m. A masana ayan yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne wreck a lokacin da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" Rasha-Japanese yaki. A kasa na wasu daga cikin abubuwa da aka samu da zai iya tabbatar da wannan zato, amma ya zuwa yanzu ba su kawo wa surface.