M gyara. Hanyoyin da m gyara. Cibiyar m gyara

Da farko, bari mu ayyana manufar tunani. A zahiri - da kimiyya da rai. Psychology matsayin mai zaman kanta horo kafa kawai a cikin karni na karshe, bayan samun wani gwaji tushe da na halitta physiological akai.

Wace rawa tunani da zamani a rayuwar?

Tare da wannan kimiyya iya ci karo da ba kawai a matsayin kimiyya da horo, amma kuma ya hadu da ita a cikin fashion mujallu, rediyo da kuma talabijin shirye-shirye a cikin nau'i na m gwaje-gwaje, shawarwari shahara Psychologists ma'aurata, 'yan kasuwa da sauransu. N.

A cikin tsarin na zamani al'umma rayuwa tunani yana da ma'ana. Su ne:

1. Practical rawa - taimake a warware real matsaloli dangane da masana'antu aiki, da matsaloli na rayuwa, daidai zabi na sana'a, don daidaita zuwa ga tawagar, iyali dangantaka. da koyo da hakkin tsarin kula da manajoji, abokan aiki, qarqashinsu, dangi.
2. Tasowa da muhimmancin - aikace-aikace na samu m ilimi ga kansa ta hanyar kai-kallo, masu sana'a m kayayyakin aiki, (misali, gwajin).
3. Janar al'adu rawa - rinjãye daban-daban al'adu ta hanyar saye da m ilmi (ayyukan shahararren cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje masana kimiyya).
4. Irfanin part - nazarin muhimman hakkokin matsaloli.

Social tunani a zamani jama'a

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da jama'a koma daga wani Jihar asar, sai murna, jira hade tare da m tsammanin game da kimiyya da kuma ci gaban fasaha (STP), jihar na da ake kira takaici (real hangen nesa daga cikin mummunan sakamakon da tasiri na kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba).

A farko sakamako - wani, sãɓã wa jũnamai na jin kai da fasaha da ilmi. Wannan shi ne musamman m ga aikin fasaha da kwararru. Suna shirya don tsanaki ci gaban fasaha da kuma samar. A hankali irin wannan gwani, kazalika da dabarun, damar iya yin komai, ji na duniya da kuma tunani, mayar da hankali kawai a kan warware fasaha matsaloli. Technicism bayyana a cikin cikakkar wani zamani sana'a aiki m zuwa bukata ilimi da kuma hanyoyin. A sakamakon wannan hijirar na mutum yana bukatar kowa da kowa mutãne. A musamman bayyanuwar na sama tsari ne mai ban tausayi ci gaban da muhalli da kuma soja halin da ake ciki a wannan zamanin.

Daga cikin daban-daban sciences, a tsakiya a kan mutum, musamman muhimmancin ne a haɗe zuwa sociological da kuma al'adu, musamman zamantakewa tunani. Yana zai taimakawa ga neutralization na sama da aka ambata-fasaha ta kusance tare da gaisuwa ga duniya al'amurran da suka shafi. Social ilimi da zai taimaka wajen ganin zurfin da haduwar real adam dangantaka.

Sana'a aiki, misali, wani injiniya (inganta, bincike, fahimi da sauransu.) - shi ne ba kawai kai tsaye lamba tare da abu zuwa a bincikar (kayan, da fasaha, da zane), amma kuma a rayuwa Adam na sadarwa (sai dai burin saitin, yanke shawara, akwai kuma daidaituwa kungiyar wakilci da kuma raga, ikon warware ciki-gama rikice-rikice). Duk wannan na bayyana a musamman interpersonal sadarwa, bukata musamman injiniya na zamantakewa da m ilmi da al'adu, wanda ya dole ne saya a lokacin horo.

Rayuwa Psychology (as da kimiyya na rai) ya taimake zamani al'umma, tare da ci gaban fasaha da kuma fasahar halittu farfadowa a cikin zamantakewa da m da kuma jin kai da al'amurran.

Muhimmai na Human Psychology

Mutane daya-daya - da wasu mutane tare da muhimmi musamman siffofin (bil'adama).

Kowa ya san da magana: "Man aka haife, kuma mutum ya zama." Alal misali, a jariri - shi ne wani mutum, amma ba da shaidar wani. Idan sharadi gwargwado za a halitta a kusa da shi, shi za su yi girma tare da shi. Amma akwai wani daban-daban sakamako: yara tashe waje na al'umma (ba da sanin harshen da kullum yarda da zamantakewa norms), sau da yawa ba fada karkashin category na mutum. Kuma an ayyana a matsayin mutum mutane kai a vegetative rayuwa; ba interoperable (saboda kwayoyin lahani ko wani daban-daban irin rauni). Ga wadanda ba na sirri damuwa da serial kisan gillar, maniacs da sauran psycho- da sociopaths.

Hali - ne rayuwa da ilimi (tsarin) Taswirar zamantakewa jigon da mutum irin real duniya kamar yadda wani aiki Converter da ma'ana ilimi da batun.

Hali - wani hali a duk ta asali (a hade sirri da mutum Properties cewa bambanta mutum daya daga wani). Yana iya bayyana kanta a cikin ƙayyadaddu na wani ji, ko tunani, ko nufin, ko duk a lokaci daya.

Mene ne profpsihologiya?

Wannan sabon reshe na amfani da ilimin halin dan Adam, wadda ke nazarin alamu na ainihi samuwar cikin tsarin na sana'a da shiriya, da phenomenology na} warewar, sana'a kai-da dalilin da bayani dalla-dalla, kuma m halin kaka na wannan tsari.

Kusan kowa na rayuwa sana'a da ayyukan wani muhimmin wuri. Tare da haihuwa da ya yaro ta iyaye aka riga fara tunani game da nan gaba yayin da hankali lura da nufi da kuma kadarorinsu.

Kafin makarantar sakandare digiri, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai wata matsala tare da gaisuwa to zabi na gaba sana'a. Abin baƙin ciki, quite sau da yawa makarantun zaba da ka. A kan samu yawancin matasa sama da matsala ba a warware tabbatacce. Mutane da yawa suna taka rawar gani a ya zabi riga a kan 1 st shekara na binciken, wasu - farkon aikin, da kuma na uku - bayan shekaru da dama na aiki a kan bayanin martaba. Professional Psychology - wani masana'antu da cewa an nazarin regularities a cikin samuwar nufi, da zabi na sana'a, Mastering shi.

Its abu - da hulda da mutum daga cikin sana'a. Research Center - profrazvitie hali, masu sana'a kai-shiba.

Specific hanyoyin bincike ne bisa samuwar profpsihologii:

• sana'a psychobiography.
• m faru;
• proforientirovannoy graphology.
• Lahani kwarewa;
• retrospection sana'a crises.
• gani sana'a nakasawa da sauransu.

A fassarar da manufar "m gyara"

An directed da wasu m magudi da Tsarin, da za'ayi a cikin domin tabbatar da cikakken ci gaban da mutum, kazalika ta da cikakken fledged aiki.

Wannan lokaci ne yadu amfani a cikin 70s (a lokacin da masana ilimin tunani na fara aniya aikatawa psychotherapy, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kungiyar). Duk da yake kullum bude wani tattaunawa a kan topic game da yiwuwar gudanar da wani likita Psychologists (psychotherapy) da ayyukan da abin da suka a gaskiya an shirya saboda da farko samuwar m kazalika zai yiwu. An kullum ana tabbatar. Duk da haka, psychotherapy - yafi likita yi. Ta iya magance na musamman tare da mutane da hakan likita ilimi. - m gyara likita gudanar da psychotherapy kuma psychologist: A dangane da wannan a tacit bambanci da aka gabatar. All guda tambayoyi, wanda lãbãri zuwa psychotherapy da kuma gyara (m), da kuma bude a wannan lokacin.

Yarda da samar da maki biyu na ra'ayi a kan wannan batu:

1. Cikakken ainihi dauke sama Concepts. Amma wannan ba dauka la'akari da cewa gyara (m) kamar yadda directed magudi aka gane ba kawai a cikin likita yi (a uku main aikace-aikace yankunan: psychotherapy, gyaran fuska da kuma Psycho-prophylaxis), amma kuma a wasu yankunan, misali a pedagogy. Ko da a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum za a iya gano ta amo mara sa.

2. Gyara (m) ne aka yi nufi ga magance matsalolin psychoprophylaxis (a duk matakai), da kuma musamman a lokacin da m sakandare rigakafin. Amma wannan m ƙuntatawa na game da ikon yinsa, daga cikin hanya a tambaya an wakilta, saboda haka yin magana, wucin gadi: mun gwada neuroses fili ayyana sharuddan kamar m gyara, magani, yin rigakafi, far ne ba zai yiwu, saboda neurosis - wata cuta, abin da ke faruwa a cikin kuzarin kawo cikas (ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu a waƙa da mataki na pre-cuta da cuta da kuma lura aiwatar da yafi kunshi sakandare rigakafin).

Har ila yau, to date, a cikin tsarin na fi magani daga cututtuka suna ƙara hadedde m cewa daukan la'akari da kasancewar a cikin etiopathogenesis na zaman jama'a, da nazarin halittu da kuma m dalilai, duk abin da ya bukatar daidaituwa magani ko magudi, ya dace a da yanayi. A halin da ake ciki inda wani m factor a wasu cututtuka daukarsa etiologic, masu sana'a gyara fi mayar zo daidai da daya daga cikin aka gyara na da irin wannan magani tsari, kamar yadda psychotherapy.

Don tsayar da wani tsarin da gaisuwa ga dangantaka dauke sama Concepts nosology ne sau da yawa m. Rawar da m dalilai a cikin tsarin na etiopathogenesis da cutar sa wasu fuskantarwa psychotherapeutic hanyoyin warware ayyuka, cewa yale mu mu gane hanyoyin da m gyara da kuma psychotherapy.

Kwatanta m gyara tare da m baki

A sakamakon - da bayyane kamance. Gyara (m), kazalika da m baki, a matsayin m m tasiri gane a cikin daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki da aka za'ayi da m wajen.

Dukansu aikin wannan aiki. A waje adabi ne fiye da na kowa mas'ala ta "m baki", da kuma a cikin gida - "m gyara."

Hanyoyin da m gyara

Suna da bambancin, da suka za a iya classified yanaye, bisa laákari da takamaiman asali fuskanci:

1. Behavioral (sabawa suna bi a matsayin ka'idojin behaviorism: psychotherapy kuma m gyara suna hade tare da bukatar haifar da mafi kyau duka haƙuri hali basira. Daban-daban na shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya da cuta suna m maladaptive hali).

Ga hanyoyin da ake amfani da shi, wanda za a iya wajen kasu uku kungiyoyin:

• kontrobuslovlivaniya (korau rata karfafa alaka tsakanin martani da kuma samuwar kasashe, da kuma (ko) ta maye da wani sabon daya (a yi amfani da tunani irin dabaru matsayin mai hade da tasiri da wani m m halin da ake ciki ga mãsu haƙuri ko mataimakin versa).
• operant hanyoyin (amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo kyawawa, bisa ga ilimin aikin).
• hanyoyin dangane da ra'ayoyi sotsiobihevioristov (gabatar da wani likita da ya fi dace model na hali).

2. The aiki (musamman gyara ta hanyar shirya ilmantarwa tsari, inda - management da kuma iko da waje da kuma muhimmi aiki).

3. cognitivist (akai - ka'idar cewa faye hali da ainihi na kungiyar a matsayin takamaiman fahimi Tsarin, da yin amfani da "na sirri constructors ', kyale su sa a gaba dace shiriritar game duniya).

4. PSYCHOANALYTIC (agaji a gano haƙuri sume haddasawa tsanani abubuwan m bayyanar cututtuka da karatunsu).

5. A rayuwan-bil'adama (bisa falsafar rayuwa).

6. Gestalt far (sabuntawa na ci gaba da mutum ke tunani).

7. Psychodrama (tallan kayan kawa a cikin nau'i na wasan kwaikwayo 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kungiyar halin da ake ciki, samarwa daya daga cikin marasa lafiya, kuma bisa hakikanin abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsa ko na mafarki labarai).

8. Jiki-daidaitacce (bisa "Vegetoterapiya" tsarin W. Reich, "blooming murdede makamai", wanda baya na taimaka mutum don saki da makamashi da kuma na nufin sauƙaƙe ta wuya).

9. Psychosynthesis (sub-mutane taka muhimmiyar rawa - raba mutane a cikin kowane mutum, wanda a cikin shakka daga far, da mãsu haƙuri ya gana da koyi yin ware su daga real "I").

10. Transpersonal (taimaka wa haƙuri saduwa da nasa sume da kuma dacewa da kwarewa ga rayuwa ta hanyar aikace-aikace na "holotropic numfashi" Hanyar).

psychodiagnostics hanyoyin

Suna nan kamar haka:

1. Blank (tayin batu ne jerin tambayoyi da farillai).
2. Questionnaires hanyoyin da m ganewar asali (tambayar batun baka tambayoyi).
3. Picturesque (amfani generated gwajin alamu ko fassarar su ƙãre images).
4. Design (da ake ji da sama dabaru).
5. Ma'ana-magudi hanyoyin da m ganewar asali (misali a cikin nau'i na iri daban-daban real abubuwa warware gwajin ayyuka).

Manufofi psychocorrection yaro

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na kasa Psychology, suna kafa dokokin da m fahimtar juyin halitta daga cikin yaro kamar rayayye masu tasowa na ayyuka na tsari, wanda aka aiwatar da ha] in gwiwar tare da ya fara tasawa.

m gyara a raga suna kafa a kan tushen da:

• ingantawa da zamantakewa halin da ake ciki na lura ci gaba;
• da samuwar shekaru-m sabon tsarin.
• ci gaba daban-daban iri lura da yaron ya aiki.

Akwai dokoki da ya kamata yi mulki da jaddadawa karkashin shawara gyara dalilai, wato:

1. Su dole ne a tsara a cikin wani m hanya.
2. m magani a raga ya zama mai idon basira isa.
3. Su dole hada kintace na halin yanzu da kuma nan gaba ci gaban da yaro domin din bita correctional shirye-shirye.
4. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa yara m gyara ba gagarumin sakamako ne kawai bayan wani dogon lokaci (a cikin shakka daga far, to ta ƙarshe, watanni shida bayan shi).

The sana'a ayyuka na correctional da kuma tasowa fuskantarwa na malamin-psychologist kwazo ma'aikata shafi subgroup, kungiyar da mutum siffofin aiki. M gyara da kuma ci gaban da yaro da daya nau'i ko wata aka ƙaddara dangane da halaye (tsanani daga yanayi matsaloli, shekaru, da kuma kudi na kasa ganewa al.).

A shirin na m gyara na matasa tare da shafi tunanin mutum retardation

Ilimi Rayuwa-dace hali - mafi muhimmanci Manufar correctional pedagogy. A shirin na m gyara daga cikin hali na yara da shafi tunanin mutum retardation ne quite wani kalubale saboda gaskiyar cewa ba lokacin raunana, gurgunta ci gaba, musamman psychophysiological sunadaran tushe hali (affective-volitional hali).

Dalilin da disharmony shafi tunanin mutum homeostasis - da m cerebral gazawar, retardation na ci gaba da juyayi tsarin. Saboda haka, gyara hali - mafi muhimmanci Trend in aiwatar da aiki tare da matasa tare da shafi tunanin mutum retardation. Ya kamata a da nufin rage ta'adi a yara da kuma inculcate a su da isasshen zamantakewa da amince hali.

Ta aka tsunduma a cikin na musamman hukumomin, misali, cibiyar m gyara "jawabin cibiyoyin na iyali ma'aikata." A mafi muhimmanci manufa aikinsa - lissafin kudi digiri da kuma siffofin da shafi tunanin mutum cin da yaro.