Ka'idar Darwin: da tuki da karfi na ci gaba

Jigon da manufar ci gaba na Darwin rage wa mai ma'ana line, tabbatar da gwaje-gwajen da sauran bincike matsayi. Saboda haka, an tabbatar da cewa duk wani nau'i na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta halin da mutum kayyade bambancin kan wani filaye. sun ninka dabam dabam. cikin jinsin akwai wani gwagwarmayar zama a karfi gazawar muhimman albarkatu. a cikin gwagwarmaya don tsira da kuma ci gaba a haifa kawai saba mutane.

Saboda haka, babban tuki sojojin juyin halitta - a kayyade bambancin, zabin yanayi da kuma gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki, ga kõwane ɗaya daga gare su.

1. hereditary bambancin wani ci gaba ne na chromosomes da kwayoyin halitta, kazalika da zargin daban-daban haduwa a cikin zurriyar parental halaye Wancan ne, shi ya taso ne daga maye gurbi. A iri-iri na gaji dabiu bayyana ta maimaita maye gurbi da hanya mutane a tsakãninsu, kuma taka wata rawa da mazauninsu.

A ci gaba da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta kwayoyin canji ya shafi halittar yanayi da rai raka'a, wanda ya samar da wani chromosome nasara haduwa. Kara yawan data dako genes take kaiwa zuwa canje-canje hereditary dabiu da kwayoyin manifesting a maye gurbi, duk da haka, wadannan mutane ne mafi resilient.

Canzawa ne daga iri uku:

a) wasu - da saye da wani yawan raka'a daya irin sabon fasali.

b) m canzawa - fitowan da wani iri-iri na qananan siffofin da cewa ba za a iya bayyana, da wakilan da daya jinsin.

c) correlative - karin dogaro da juna samu halaye kwayoyin.

Saboda haka, tuki da karfi na juyin halitta, wato kwayoyin bambancin, zamanto saboda da hulda da hereditary bayanai da kuma takamaiman yanayi na muhalli. A lokaci guda ya samu bayyanar cututtuka dage domin da yawa.

2. A gwagwarmayar zama - ginshikai na dangantaka tsakanin kwayoyin da kuma dalilai na matattun yanayi, saboda da ikon mutane da su haifa (karuwa a cikin lambobin) da kuma iyakance albarkatun (karkararta, da abinci, da dai sauransu). Ware wadannan siffofin:

a) iko da m muhalli yanayi, kamar haddi ko kasawa na haske, danshi, zazzabi canji.

b) da gwagwarmaya cikin wani musamman jinsunan - shi ne sakamakon da kama da bukatun wakilan da irin wannan;

c) interspecific gwagwarmaya - An bayyana a cikin dangantaka tsakanin jinsuna daban.

Saboda haka, irin da tuki da karfi na juyin halitta, da canzawa da yaki don zama, suna da nasaba,, tun da farko inganta karbuwa daga jinsuna da yanayi na matattun yanayi, wadda take kaiwa zuwa nazarin halittu ci gaba.

3. A zabin yanayi - rayuwa inji gano raka'a tare da zama dole kayyade canje-canje da su kara multiplication. A selection ne sakamakon gwagwarmayar zama. Ware ta wadannan sunadaran:

a) samuwar kwayoyin canje-canje.

b) da rayuwa da kuma daidaikun mutane da wadannan canje-canje a cikin dace yanayi.

c) da haifuwa daga cikin wadannan raka'a, da karuwa a cikin lambobin da kuma rarraba amfani kayyade canje-canje.

A tuki sojojin juyin halitta, hulda da juna, da damar mu mu bayyana samuwar wasu jinsunan a yanayi. A kayan da aka tattara a cikin daban-daban rassan ilmin halitta, da wata ma'ana ƙarshe kawai idan suka cika da manufa juyin halitta.

Babban abin yabo na Charles Darwin ne ya bayyana aiwatar da ci gaba da kuma samuwar nau'in. Wannan hujja sanya ka'idar juyin ka'idar Darwin ya yarda.