Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok-, -onok-: misalai na kalmomi da kuma dokoki

Bisa ga horo makaranta shirye-shirye, a lokacin da yara koyi kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok - 3 aji. Kalmomi da kari na baya baki sau da yawa sa matsaloli a bangare na kalmar samuwar kuma rubuce-rubuce.

Wadannan matsaloli suna da alaka da yafi tare da imin sautin harshe - wato, a kara daga cikin wasika -E bada sauti [o]. Alal misali, kalmar nan "fox", dauke da wata wasika a kari na baya baki -e- a kwafi zai yi kama da wannan: [l`is`onok]. Saboda haka, a lokacin da wasika -e- kara bayan wani m baƙi [s`] an canza kama zuwa sauti [a].

Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a cikin nazarin batun biya musamman da hankali ga samuwar sabuwar kalmomi yin amfani da wadannan suffixes, kazalika da daidai zabi -o- da -e- a cikin rubuce-rubuce.

Bugu da kari ya bayyana dokokin kasashen da zabi na kari na baya baki a wasu formative halin da ake ciki, akwai wasu fannoni cewa ƙayyade yin amfani da sa cikin sharuddan ma'anar, shi dora wa asalin kalmar. Ya kamata biya musamman da hankali.

A sabuwar-kafa siffofi suna amfani dangane da jawabin halin da ake ciki da kuma na ginin jumla ma'anar, wanda aka bai wa kafa da kalmar.

Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -onok / -enok: misalai

Misalan kalmomi da kari na baya baki -onok:

• Galchonok.
• kai;
• sychonok.
• rana.
• keg.
• kurchonok.
• turchonok.
• kurege.
• kurege.
• zomo.
• kadan karnuka.
• cuckoo.
• strizhonok.
• Tickbird Hatchling.
• cherepashonok.
• pauchonok.
• linzamin kwamfuta;
• rachonok.
• ezhonok.
• morzhonok.
• ta jikansa.
• barsuchonok.
• matasa Cossack.
• raƙumi.
• Malchonok.
• dyachonok.
• poult.
• cub.
• Rook.
• m.
• kitaychonok.

Misalan kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok:

• duckling.
• yar kyanwa.
• zverenok.
• owlet.
• Iblis.
• IMP.
• greasers.
• kimomi da wuri.
• fox.
• alade.
• zaki.
• Gosling.
• goat.
• hankãka.
• zhuravlenok.
• Eaglets.
• giwa.
• ɗan maraƙi.
• kuklenok.
• kaza.
• Cook.
• goat.
• dabbar kangaroo.
• Aistenok.
• kananan bera.
• barewa.
• IMP.
• ɗan maraƙi.
• cub.

amfani

Derivational suffixes -onok / -enok a mafi yawan lokuta amfani da su haifar da wani namiji, ya nuna sunayen matasa dabbobi.

Wadannan affixes yi kalmar-samuwar aiki da kuma bauta don ƙirƙirar sabon kalmomi da wasu lexical ma'anar.

Duk da haka, da nadi na sunayen matasa dabbobi - ba kawai aikin da ya yi aikin data morpheme. Kalmomi da suffixes da -enok -onok ne gajeren ko sakaci da darajar da maki to childishness, kaddamarda ba adult Concepts. Saboda haka kafin ka yi amfani da kalmar da kari na baya baki, yana da muhimmanci ba kawai ya mallaki ta dokoki na rubuce-rubuce, amma kuma domin sanin mahallin na jawabin halin da ake ciki a wanda yake cin abinci.

Ga misali.

asali kalmar	Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok - kalmar misalai	A lexical ma'anar wani sabon kalma
cat	yar kyanwa	cat cub
fox	pup	fox cub
kurege	leveret	matasa hare
gina jiki	kurege	baby kurege
makiyayi	makiyayi	wakilin sana'a "makiyayi" na yarantaka
farmhand	batrachonok	wakilin sana'a "laborer" na yarantaka sakaci ko darajar
Sin	kitaychonok	wani yaro wanda ke da kabila daga cikin "kasar Sin"
ganga	ganga	iya aiki da ciwon karami dangane da asali ra'ayi

Sunayen wasu dabbobi da amfani da kalmar yayi

Derivational kari na baya baki -onok / -enok za a iya amfani da ilimi ne ba dukkan sunayen da matasa dabbobi. Alal misali, akwai sunayen dabbobi, domin nadi na wanda yayi amfani da wani daban-daban yayi kalmar sunayen.

Ga misali.

dabba	sunan cub
tumaki	rago
doki	foal
alade	Piglet
kaza	kaza
saniya	maraƙi

Misalai na dabba sunayen da nunawa wanda ba za a iya amfani da suffixes -onok / -enok

Akwai sunayen dabbobi, don nuna cewa jariran ba zai iya yin amfani da kari na baya baki Hanyar kalma samuwar.

Ga misali:

Giraffe - matasa raƙumin dawa, dorina - Hippo maraƙi.

Babu bayyana dokokin kasashen da amfani ko disuse daga wadannan suffixes tare da da wani kalma. Babban dalilin shi ne tarihi. Saboda haka, wadannan kalmomi ya zama da sauki tuna domin hana kara kuskure a cikin derivation.

Dokokin na kalmar samuwar tare da kari na baya baki -E (o) NOC

Don sanin abin da kalmar da kari na baya baki ko da kari na baya baki -enok -onok ya kamata a rubuta a wani batu da ya kamata a shiryar da wadannan dokoki.

Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -onok- rubuta:

A cikin kalmomi, da sunaye na dabbobi, tushen wanda ƙare a abin raini, unstressed:

Kai - medvezh'onok

Linzamin kwamfuta - mysh'onok

Bushiya - ezh'onok

Rana - lyagush'onok

Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok rubuta:

A cikin kalmomin da wani tushe a kan wani m baƙi (fãce ch`]):

Kalmomi da kari na baya baki Enok: misalai na kalmomi	m baƙi
tiger cub	tig [r`] Yenok
pup	Shin [s`] Yenok
IMP	baa [s`] Yenok
kuklenok	Cook [l`] Yenok

Samuwar kalmomi da suffixes -onok / -enok

Don yin wata kalma da kari na baya baki -enok zama dole don ware da kara na wata kalma da kuma, shiryar da dokoki na samuwar sabuwar kalmomi a haɗe da shi da ake bukata kari na baya baki. Saboda haka, samuwar wani sabon makirci na kalmar siffofin ne kamar haka:

tushe kalma + kari na baya baki -E (n) + da NOC (idan ya cancanta)

asali kalmar	derivational akai	A karshe kalma	Zabi kari na baya baki
mujiya	owls	owlet	Dalili na karshe kalma ƙare a wani taushi, tsakinta [in`] - kari na baya baki derivation -enok.
Elk	los	maraƙi	Dalili na karshe kalma ƙare a wani taushi, tsakinta [s`] - kari na baya baki derivation -enok.
linzamin kwamfuta	linzamin kwamfuta	mousy	A kara ƙare a tsakinta [w] - kari na baya baki derivation -onok.
farmhand	farmhand	batrachonok	Kara ƙare a tsakinta [h] - derivational kari na baya baki -onok.

Musamman da hankali a cikin samuwar sabon kalmomi ya kamata a biya su da sãɓãwar baƙaƙe a cikin na farko da kuma karshe kalma.

Kalmomi da kari na baya baki -enok: misalai na kalmomi tare da baƙi a zuciya

Ya kamata a lura cewa a wasu lokuta da samuwar kalmomi da wadannan affixes wani canzawar baƙaƙe a morpheme kabu. Saboda haka, a madadin:

1) velar / abin raini: zomo - zomo, kerkẽci - cub.

2) D / f, d '/ f: Bear - Bear.

3) Dual wuya baƙaƙe / biyu taushi: fox - lis`enok cat - kot`enok.

A algorithm na samuwar sabuwar kalmomi da suffixes -enok / -onok

Saboda haka, ga daidai haruffan kalma, dole ne ka cika da wadannan jerin:

1) Zaži tushen kalmar akai.

2) Ƙayyade abin da ƙare-akai (a baƙi a tsaye a gaban kari na baya baki):

• sizzling a kan - write kari na baya baki -onok.
• a kan wani m, abin raini ko [ch`] - rubuta kari na baya baki -enok.

Amfani suffixes -onok / -enok ta samar da kalmomi ba tare da nuna sunayen matasa dabbobi

A wasu lokuta, waɗannan suffixes ake amfani da su samar da kalmomi ba tare da nuna sunan matasa dabbobi.

A irin haka ne, da kari na baya baki iya nuna wani wakilin wata kasa, zamantakewa strata, masu sana'a. akidar.

Duk da haka, ta yin amfani da kalmar da sa a cikin wani musamman jawabin halin da ake ciki, tuna wasu shagala da muhimmanci a haɗe zuwa wannan morpheme.

Ga misali:

• m - m.
• mutum - da yaro.
• Cook - dafa.
• Roma - Gypsy.
• dabba - zverenok.
• Sin - kitaychonok.

A lokacin da zabi ko rubuce-rubuce -e- -o- a kari na baya baki ga irin kalmomin da amfani da wannan mulkin.

Karkatar sunaye da suffixes -onok / -enok

Ulla daga asalin kalmar ta amfani da dangane da tushe na sa, mun sami kalmar da kari na baya baki -enok da null-kare, ko da kalma guda form tare da kari na baya baki -onok.

Ga misali:

• giwa - giwa □.
• Cat - yar kyanwa □.
• Jackdaw - Galchonok □.
• laborer - batrachonok □.

Lokacin da karkatar sunaye, kafa ta amfani da data suffixes asarar faruwa wasali "o".

Ga misali:

kurege - kurege, ezhonok - ezhonka, shaidan - kadan shaidan.

Wani lokacin samuwar sunaye na faruwa da kuma asarar da tushen wasali, saboda haka muna samun da kalmar, daban-daban a cikin sauti tsarin da tushe na asali kalmar.

Ga misali:

• zaki ,: zaki.
• mikiya, amma: Eaglets.

Jam'inta na sunaye da suffixes -enok / -onok

A samuwar jam'i sunaye, sa jam'i aka maye gurbinsu da -AT / -yat.

Ga misali:

• Lion - cub - Amma: kwiyakwiyanta, kwiyakwiyanta.
• Santa - Santa - amma: mamontyata, mammoths.
• Bushiya - ezhonok - Amma: ezhata, ezhat.
• zomo - zomo - Amma: zomaye, zomaye.

Lokacin da karkatar jam'i kalmomi bayan -AT / -yat mori m kawo karshen al'amarin.

Ga misali:

harka	kalmar fom
nominative	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhata
genitive	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhat
dative	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhata
accusative	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhat
ablative	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhata
prepositional	kwiyakwiyanta, ezhata

Wannan mulki ya shafi kawai ga kalmomi denoting sunan matasa, kazalika da kalmomi na zuma agaric (namomin kaza, zuma) da kuma nonna (boletus, man shanu). A kan wasu kalmomi tare da wannan kari na baya baki, wannan mulki ba tambaya.

kwatanta:

ganga - keg - amma: kegs, casks.

harka	kalmar fom
nominative	kegs
genitive	kegs
dative	kegs
accusative	kegs
ablative	kegs
prepositional	kegs

Saboda haka, kullum amfani suffixes -onok / -enok uncomplicated. Sai dai matsalar iya tunawa da kalmomin baro kalma-samuwar dokoki.