Kamar yadda ta samar da ruwa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara

Yadda ruwan sama da aka kafa, ya sani a zamanin yau wani dalibi, amma har yanzu daraja a refresher. Ruwa tururi - ganuwa amma taba-ba bangaren da iska ya kewaye Duniya. A duk duniya jikin ruwa daga tekuna da ruwaye zuwa kananan tafkunan, kullum faruwa a kan ruwa danshin tsari. Saboda ruwa yana tuba zuwa gaseous tururi. A tsananin zafi da ruwa, da sauri shi zai ƙafe da mafi tafki yankin, da karin ruwa ne tuba zuwa cikin tururi. Mutane ba su ganin wannan danshin, ruwa tururi yake a bayyane, inda shi ne sanyaya, inda sandaro ya auku, cewa shi ne, a wani babban tsawo. Sandaro - mai aiwatar da canji na ganuwa zuwa bayyane tururi ruwa. Babban rawa a wannan nasa ne hasken rana. Ta Picks sama tururi high a cikin sama, kuma ya jũya a cikin girgije. Iska, bi da bi, daukawa girgije a kan babban nisa, yada a ƙasar tare da m danshi.

Ginshikai na samuwar ruwan sama

Yadda raindrops nunawa? Da zarar girgije ne gaba daya saturate kuma ba zai iya daukar danshi karami droplets fada aiwatar farawa a cikinta. Yãnã fãɗuwa, sai su ɗaure da sauran droplets cewa halitta saukad ko fiye, kuma a sakamakon za a iya gani a matsayin hanyar ruwan sama.

A lokacin girgije mai zuba halitta manyan saukad, wanda zai iya zama har zuwa 7 mm a diamita. Yayyafi a drop of kasa da rabin millimeter. A kusan babu lokaci, rabu da kananan raindrops a kan mutum, da kuma duk abin da samun rigar. Rain - yana da zahiri da girgije cewa resets kanta. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da droplets ko lu'ulu'u, daga abin da aka halitta, sanya ma nauyi da kuma fada wa Duniya. Yanayin sararin samaniya asirce hanyoyin da dama droplets juya zuwa cikin ruwan sama. Kamar yadda ruwan sama da aka kafa, ya dogara a kan hanyar da droplets girgije wuce - dumi ko sanyi. Dumi girgije ake yi na kankanin barbashi ruwa. Fadowa saukad da sau da yawa juya zuwa tururi a cikin iska a kasa. Kuma akwai don haka babban abin da suka fada a cikin ƙasa kamar yadda ruwan sama. A kankanin droplet wuce ta girgije, yayin da shi collides tare da sauran droplets da kuma riga ya sõyayya, sun haifar da wani babban drop. Wannan drop tattara sauran saukad da a kan hanyar sauka. The iska da suka kai samame a kusa da gudun saukad, fa, tã wani kankanin droplets, kara da nauyi. Wani lokacin shi samun haka nauyi da cewa da dama daga tsawo a cikin wani kududdufi.

Ina snowflakes?

Kamar yadda sanyi siffofin, ruwan sama, snow - duk wadannan mamaki karatu yanayin sararin samaniya da kuma yanayin forecasters don samar da su, kuma a cikin lokacin da za a yi gargaɗi ga yawan game da mummunan yanayi. A sanyi girgije na kankara lu'ulu'u nucleate droplets. Cold girgije kafa a sama, da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa wuraren da zafin jiki ne ko da yaushe wani iyaka ga misãlin (0 ° ^C). Wadannan girgije ne a cakuda ruwa droplets da kankara lu'ulu'u ne. Lokacin da ruwa evaporates daga ruwa droplets, shi ne m ga lu'ulu'u, misãlin da kuma juya cikin wani m. Lokacin da lu'ulu'u girma da kuma samun danshi, suka juya zuwa snowflakes da kuma fada ta cikin girgije. Amma idan waje ne ba ma sanyi, snowflakes, akwai short-rayu. Sun sauka a yadudduka da dumi iska da kuma fara ya narke a sake juya cikin raindrops. Kamar yadda akwai snowflakes? Idan girgijen ne bangarori, yana mai sãɓãnin zafin jiki da kuma danshi, shi ya jũya a cikin wani snow na'ura. M dumi iska cewa daukawa wani digo na ruwa daukan wuri a cikin sanyi girgije bushe zone. Saboda da low zafin jiki na droplets daskare kuma samar da wata tsakiya na Snowflake. Around da tsakiya a wani domin suna tattara guda na dumi ruwa, juya cikin wani snow crystal. Kowane flake aka hada da mutum lu'ulu'u 2-200. Lu'ulu'u an kafa a sanyi girgije high sama da ƙasa, inda zafin jiki iya sauke zuwa -40 ^{° C} da ruwa tururi freezes, juya cikin kankara. Snow crystal bar wani girgije, kuma da dama a kasa. Snow alama crystal bayyana lokacin da fadowa, amma a gaskiya mafi yawan snowflakes aka halitta a cikin kankanin barbashi daga turɓãya, wadda iska ta kawo cikin sama, da ruwa tururi za a iya daskarar ko kusa kananan barbashi na hayaki. Idan muka dauki wani iko microscope, za ka iya ganin wadannan gaɓũɓuwa, wanda aka boye cikin snowflakes. Uku cikin hudu na snowflakes narosli kusa kankanin ganuwa guda daga lãka ko ƙasa.

A siffar snowflakes

Kila, kowa da kowa ya samu damar sha'awan da m siffar snowflakes cewa m fadowa daga sama, suna ajiye a kan wani mitten ko wani gashi. Kowane Snowflake ne daban-daban da kuma samar da nasu musamman tsarin. Ainihin nau'i na snow crystallite dogara da yawan zafin jiki a da siffa flake. A sama akwai wani girgije, don haka shi ne colder. Saboda high cirrus, a cikin abin da zafin jiki ne a kasa ^-35 ° C, suna kyakkyawan Prism sa'ad da girgijen zafin jiki ne a cikin kewayon -3-0 ^{° C,} da snowflakes suna kafa kamar yadda faranti. A zazzabi na -5-3 ^o C kafa snowflakes allura, kuma daga -8-5 ^{° C} a cikin nau'i na ginshikan. -12-8 ^C. Lokacin da farantin kafa a sake. Idan da zazzabi da dama a kasa - dauki kamannin snowflakes Stars. Kara, snowflakes zama mutum da fada ga ƙasã, su siffar canje-canje. Idan snowflakes suna fadowa, kadi, su siffar ne daidai tsakaitã, idan tsallake, swaying zuwa gefe, su siffar zama fi'ilan jifa-jifa.

Idan iska a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara girgije ne warmer fiye da 0 ° ^C, snowflakes a cikin fall iya narke, juya cikin ruwan sama, shi ya bayyana yadda ruwan sama da aka kafa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara da al'amari zuwa ruwa. Amma idan iska ne sanyi isa, snowflakes zai tashi zuwa ƙasa, ya kange ta fari shãmaki. Samun kansa a kan ƙasa, snow lu'ulu'u aka hankali rasa su m alamu, guga man tare a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauran snowflakes.

Lokacin da sanyi da dama?

Rime tana nufin m hazo da cewa da dama a wani bakin ciki Layer na kankara lu'ulu'u ne. Yana bayyana a cikin ƙasa, kuma abubuwa a karkashin ƙasa daskarewa, a kwantar da hankula iskõki da kuma bayyana sama. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki da dama a kasa misãlin shi a cikin nau'i na kyakkyawan lu'ulu'u a ƙananan zazzabi - a cikin nau'i na faranti, a kasa -15 ° C sanyi lu'ulu'u dauki kamannin m needles. Frost siffofin a kan wani abu, wanda surface ne colder fiye da iska: a kan ciyawa, ƙasa, rassanta, gilashin.

acid ruwan sama

Yanayi (ruwan sama, snow) tare da babban abun ciki na acid ne acid ruwan sama. Yadda aka kafa? A kafofin bayyanar acid ruwan sama na iya zama duka halitta matakai (volcanic aiki, bazuwar amfanin gona) da kuma masana'antu watsi, musamman sulfur dioxide (SO ₂₎ da nitrogen oxides (NO, NO _2, N ₂ Ya _3), konewa na daban-daban habaka. Sadar da danshi a cikin sararin sama ta samar da sulfuric acid da kuma nitric acid. Idan acidic abu narkar da a cikin iska cikin yanayi tare da cikakken danshi, acid sa'an nan fāɗi ƙasa a cikin nau'i na hazo. Idan ruwa, ciki har da acid, dama a kan ciyayi da kuma a ƙasa, shi ya cũtar da Flora da fauna na duniya.

multicolored ruwan sama

Wani lokaci mutane na iya tsayar da mamaki kamar canza launin ruwan sama. Masu launin ruwan sama - a rarity, amma za a iya a zahiri za a canza launin. Yadda ruwan sama da aka kafa tare da wani launi daban-daban? Alal misali, ja ruwan sama da aka gani a watan Afrilu 1970, a Thessaloniki a Girka. Iko iskõki kan hamadan Sahara tãyar da mai yawa ja lãka barbashi high a cikin sama, sa'an nan Muka ɗauke su a cikin girgije a sama a kan Girka. Raƙuman ruwa na ruwan sama wanke bãya lãka daga girgije, amma launi na ruwan sama da aka ja don wani lokaci. A shekarar 1959, Massachusetts wuce wani ruwan sama da rawaya-koren launi. The m juya a kira su da spring pollen daga shuke-shuke tashe skyward. Kuma a watan Maris shekara ta 1972, ta fadi blue snow a Faransa Alps: snow aka canza launin ma'adanai kawo daga Sahara.