Karin lafazi aiwatar da ke faruwa a cikin kalma (misali). Karin lafazi matakai a harshen

Karin lafazi tsari da ya auku a cikin kalma, sun fi mayar da bayyana ta kuskure da kuma pronunciation. Wannan rabe-sabon abu da ya kamata a dauki la'akari lokacin yin audio bincike a kan darussa na Rasha harshe. Musamman hankali ne ya biya nan da matsayi na wani sauti. A ake kira positional karin lafazi matakai ne na hali ga mafi harsuna. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa da yawa daga cikin canje-canje a cikin sauti zane na wata kalma dogara a kan yankin zama na dako. Wani akai-akai vowels, wasu baƙaƙe softens. Bambance-bambance tsakanin Moscow bulo [w] da kuma Nye Petersburg bulo [CHN] Single sun zama axiomatic.

A definition

Mene ne karin lafazi tsari? Wannan musamman canji a cikin sauti magana daga cikin haruffa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban dalilai. Daga wadannan dalilai, da kuma ya dogara a kan irin tsari. Idan suna ba shibtarsu da lexical bangaren na harshe, da na kowa pronunciation da kalmomi (misali, accented) - wannan sabon abu ne ake kira positional. Wadannan sun hada da rage daban-daban baƙaƙe da vowels, kazalika da ban mamaki karshen wata kalma.

Wani abu - wadanda karin lafazi matakai a cikin harshen, da samar da haɗin daban-daban sauti a kalmomin. Su za a kira combinatorial (watau. E. dogara ne a kan musamman hade da sauti). Da farko, wannan ya hada da assimilation, voicing da ragi. Kuma zai iya tasiri yadda m sauti (komawa da baya tsari) da kuma na baya (m).

akan rage vowels

Don fara, mun bincika sabon abu na raguwa. An ce, shi ne na hali da wasula da kuma ga baƙaƙe. Game da farko, wannan tsari ne gaba daya ƙarƙashin karin lafazi danniya a kalmomi.

Domin a farkon shi dole ne a ce cewa duk vowels a cikin kalmomi ana raba dangane da dangantakar su da jaddada syllable. Hagu shi tafi pretonic, dama - zaudarnye. Alal misali, kalmar nan "talabijin." -vi- jaddada syllable. Haka kuma, da farko pretonic -le- biyu pretonic -te-. A zaudarny -zor-.

Kullum wasali saukarwa ne zuwa kashi biyu iri: gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari. A farko ba m da canji a cikin sauti zane, amma kawai tsanani da kuma duration. Wannan karin lafazi aiwatar damuwa daya kawai da wasali [y]. Alal misali, da cewa a sarari "boudoir". The girmamawa a nan da dama a kan na karshe syllable, kuma idan a na farko pretonic "y" za a iya ji a fili da kuma ƙarfi, fiye ko žasa, a karo na biyu da ta ji pretonic yawa weaker.

Sovrem wani abu - ingancin raguwa. Ya unshi ba kawai wani canji a cikin karfi da rauni daga cikin sauti, amma kuma a cikin daban-daban timbre. Saboda haka, canza zane na sanarwa akan abinda sautuna.

Alal misali, [a] da [a] a wani karfi wuri (watau. E. karkashin danniya) ko da yaushe ji a fili, ba zai iya gauraya su. Bari mu bincika misali da kalmar "samovar". A farko syllable pretonic (-mo-) da harafin "o" yana ji quite a fili, amma kasa da za a kafa kafin karshen. yana da kansa nadi [^] for shi a kwafi. A karo na biyu syllable pretonic -sa- wasali siffofin more fili, karfi da rage. Ga shi kuma yana da kansa nadi [b]. Saboda haka, kwafi zai yi kama da wannan: [sm ^ var].

Wasula, wadda ke fuskantar taushi baƙaƙe, shi ne kuma quite ban sha'awa. Sake, suna ji a fili a cikin wani karfi wuri. Abin da ya faru a unstressed syllables? Bari mu bincika kalma "dogara sanda". Jaddada syllable - karshe. A farko pretonic wasali an rage dan kadan, shi ake cewa wani kwafi [da kuma ^wani] - e da kuma overtones. Biyu da na uku pretonic gaba daya rage. Irin wannan sauti kaddamarda [s]. Saboda haka, kwafi ne kamar haka: ^[e v'rti amma].

Sanannun masanin ilimin harsuna Potebni makirci. Ya deduced cewa na farko syllable pretonic - sarari dukkan unstressed. Duk da wasu na baya zuwa gare shi a cikin ikon. Idan wasali ne a wani karfi wuri zuwa kai har zuwa 3, kuma mafi raunin akan rage 2, ka samu cikin wadannan makirci: 12311 (da kalmar "nahawu").

M events (sau da yawa colloquially), a lokacin da raguwa ne sifili, t. E. The wasali ba furta a duk. Yana samu a irin wannan karin lafazi tsari a tsakiyar da kuma a karshen kalma. Alal misali, kalmar nan "waya" muna da wuya ambaci wasali a karo na biyu syllable zaudarnom: [provlk], kuma kalmar "zuwa" an rage wa sifili wasali a syllable zaudarnom [shtob]

akan rage baƙaƙe

Akwai kuma karin lafazi aiwatar a cikin zamani harshe, da ake kira da rage daga cikin baƙaƙe. Shi ne cewa irin sauti a karshen kalmomi kusan bace (sau da yawa samu sifili saukarwa).

Wannan shi ne saboda da Physiology na pronunciation da kalmomi da muka furta su kamar yadda ka exhale, da kuma iska ya kwarara ne wani lokacin kasa zuwa da mai kyau proartikulirovat karshe sauti. Yana dogara a kan kayadadden dalilai: da kudi na jawabin kazalika da siffofin na pronunciation (misali, yare).

Wannan sabon abu za a iya gani, misali, kalmomin "cuta", "Rayuwa" (wasu yarukan ba ambaci karshe baƙi). Wani lokaci rage j: kalmar "ta" mu ce ba tare da shi, ko da yake, bisa ga dokoki, shi ya kamata, don haka ya "da" tsaye a gaban wani wasali ...

mai ban mamaki

A raba aiwatar da rage shi ne mai ban mamaki a lokacin da bayyana baƙaƙe an canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kurãme, ko da cikakkar karshen kalma.

Alal misali, sama da kalmar "mitten". Ga bayyana [g] a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da makafi [to], tana tsaye a bayan shi, mamaki. A sakamakon haka, a hade da aka ji [wk].

Wani misali - da cikakkar karshen kalmar "oak". Akwai Ringing [b] stunned da [n].

Ko da yaushe bayyana baƙaƙe (ko sonorous) ne kuma batun wannan tsari, ko da yake sosai weakly. Idan muka kwatanta da pronunciation na kalmar "itace" inda [L] zo bayan wani wasali, da kuma "sa", inda guda sauti a karshen, shi ne mai sauki gaya bambanci. A karo na biyu idan, sonorous sauti guntu, kuma mafi rauni.

vocalization

Quite da baya da tsari - voicing. Ya nasa ne da combinatorial, t. E. Dangane da takamaiman sauti, tsaye gefe da gefe. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan yana zartuwa ga voiceless baƙaƙe, wanda aka located a gaban kararrawa.

Alal misali, kalmomi kamar "shift", "yi" - suna voicing ya faru a jamsin kwalaye da kuma tushen. Mu lura da wannan sabon abu a tsakiyar kalma: to [s '] ba, game da [s'] Ba. Har ila yau, wannan tsari zai iya faru a kan wata kalma iyaka, da kuma wani uzuri: a kaka, "to kauye."

sassauta

Wani dokar imin sautin harshe ne cewa da wuya sautuna tausasa, idan suka tafi bayan taushi baƙaƙe.

Akwai da dama dokokin:

1. Sauti [n] zama taushi idan tsaye a gaban [h] ko [w]: Ba [n] akwaku, chi [n] snip, Baraba [n] akwaku.
2. Sauti [c] softens a matsayin kafin taushi [m '], [N'], kuma [s] ya [d '] da [n] th [c'] a [c '] neg [s '] a gabãnin, a [h'] nya.

Wadannan biyu dokoki shafi dukan yan dako ilimi harshe, amma akwai yaruka inda ragi ne ma faruwa. Alal misali, ya iya furta [d '] imani ko [c'] em.

assimilation

Ƙayyade da karin lafazi aiwatar da assimilation ne zai yiwu a matsayin assimilation. A wasu kalmomin, sauti, magana mai wuya, kamar yadda idan a tsaye kusa da assimilate. Wannan ya shafi irin wannan haduwa a matsayin "MF", "AF" da "CC", "zdch" da "stch". Maimakon haka, ya furta [u]. Farin Ciki - [u] Astier. namiji - Mu [u] ins.

Har ila yau assimilated fi'ili haduwa -tsya -tsya kuma, maimakon su ji [n]: crowning [i] da wani, fadan [n], kuma, ya ji [i] da wani.

Wannan kuma ya shafi simplification. Lokacin da wani rukuni na baƙaƙe hasarar daya: tare da [n] Tse, izves [n] yak.