Kogon birnin Calais: photos, da sake dubawa, location

Kogon birnin Calais ya kullum ja hankalin masu yawon bude ido. Abin yana da ban sha'awa? Ina da shi ne? Mene ne Legends hade da shi? A wannan da kuma wasu za mu bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.

Ina da shi ne?

Ina Calais? Kogon birni ne dake kan Crimean Larabawa Bakhchisaray gundumar. Mafi kusa gari (Bakhchisarai) game 2.5-3 kilomita. Masu garu gari ne ayi a kan wani babban m dutsen Filato hari m Crimean Mountains, wanda aka kewaye da uku zurfi kwari.

Calais - kogon birni, wanda adireshin da aka iske ba a kan wani taswira. Location a cikin m, Yanã shiryar da: Bakhchisaray gundumar, Crimean Larabawa.

Domin kada ya kauce daga hanya, za a kogon birnin Calais, kusa da lura na GPS navigators: N 44 ° 44'27 "E 33 ° 55'28".

Yadda za a samu a can?

Daya daga cikin tambayoyin da tashe da wadanda suke so su ziyarci kogon birnin Calais - yadda za a samu a can? Akwai biyu zažužžukan: kai-drive da jama'a kai ga karshe tasha "Staroselie" (Bakhchisarai) ta ci gaba da bin gindin ãyõyi ga sansanin soja, ko wa Calais matsayin wani ɓangare na wani rangadi kungiyar (wannan zabin zaɓa hanya mafi yawon bude ido, holidaymakers a cikin mura na kudancin bakin tekun na Crimea Larabawa).

Zabuka don kogwanni sunayen

Kogon birni domin ta na da dogon tarihi, ya sha nanata canza sunanta.

A cewar daya daga version, da farko, sunan birnin da aka Fulla. Yarjejeniya da irin wannan sunan da aka akai-akai da aka ambata a cikin tarihin 1-2 ƙarni AD, amma masu bincike ba a san daidai inda ya kasance.

Daga 13th karni da kafofin, wannan birni da aka riga aka kira a matsayin Kirk-Ko (wani na kowa version of Kirk-EF), wanda a zahiri fassara a matsayin "arba'in kufaifan." Har ila yau, a zamanin mulkin Crimean Khan iya samun sunan Gevher-Kermen (a translation - "taskõkin sansanin soja"), wani sunan da za a iya bayyana ta da cewa da Tatar Malaman Jewels qawata duk ƙofofin, ganuwar da ƙofofin castle.

A tsakiyar karni na 17th kagara shi aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Karaites kuma samu wani sabon sunan - Calais. Fassara daga Crimean Karaite yare harshe "Kale" ( "Kala") tana nufin "wani bulo bango, USAID, sansanin soja."

Bayan da annexation na Crimea da Rasha Empire gari Calais canza kama zuwa kogon birnin Calais, wanda aka fassara daga cikin Crimean Tatar harshen na nufin "Yahudawa" ko "Yahudawa" kagara (çufut - Bayahude, wani Bayahude. Qale - sansanin soja). Wannan sunan shi ne kagarar ya Kasuwanci da suka tsaya da nan don wani iri-iri bukatu da hankali da sunan Calais zama hukuma, shi ne a yi amfani da kimiyya da ayyukan Soviet masana kimiyya da adabi Karaite mawallafa daga cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th har 1991.

Tun da 1991, da shugabannin, Crimean Karaites sake masa suna kogo sansanin soja birnin Calais a Dzhuft-Calais (a translation - nunka ko biyu ƙarfi), amma cewa renaming ya na wani na yanayi.

Tare da sunayen da Chufut- Dzhuft-Calais, a cikin Karaite adabi akwai wasu sunaye na kogo birane har cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th shi aka kira da "Village Yuhudim", sa'an nan - "Village ha Kara".

Tarihin kafuwar

Akwai da dama versions game da kafuwar kogon birni. A daya daga cikinsu, da farko yarjejeniya da aka kafa a nan Sarmatians da Alans a cikin 4th karni AD. Kamar yadda na biyu version, wanda o ƙarin mafi masana kimiyya, a 550 (shekaru a lokacin mulkin Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Justinian) domin kare hanyoyin Chersonesos uku kogo sansanin soja birnin da aka kafa: Calais, Calais da Mangul Eski-Kermen. Duk da haka, da bayanai a kan wadannan matsugunai da aka ba kunshe a cikin rubutun "A cikin gine-gine 'bayanai a kan su sun zama available a sakamakon da archaeological tono.

Impregnable cliffs kuma falalen cliffs kafa ta halitta, aka firam mutumin da high ganuwar da kufaifan. Kagara ya zama wani hadari tsari da kyau kwarai USAID.

A sansanin soja a lokacin da Crimean Khanate

A cikin rabi na biyu na 11th karni, da sansanin soja tsiwirwirinsu dominance kan Kipchak (wanda aka fi sani a matsayin Cumans), renaming shi a Kirk-EP.

A 1299 Emir Nogai sojojin dauki wannan karfafa hadari bayan wani dogon daci kewaye, wawushe da kuma fitar da Sarmatian-lancers da suke zaune a kagara. Nasara da kogon birni Tatars mai suna Kirk-Ko.

A 13-14 ƙarni (a zamanin mulkin Khan Jani roƙa) Ga daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin sojoji na Crimean ulus, ya balle daga Golden taro.

Active da m ci gaba daga kogon birnin Calais yana cikin 15th karni. Dalilin wannan m ci gaba da kagara ya cewa Kirk-Ko ya zama na farko babban birnin kasar na Crimean Khanate. Khan Haji Giray shirya gidansa a nan bayan da nasara a kan mulkin Kirk-Orsk Khanate Eminek Bey. Haji Giray zama kafa wani dukan daular na Crimean shugabanni. A zamanin mulkinsa, da sansanin soja da aka gina ta Khan ta fada, shi kafa madrasas, kumbura gina karkashin Jani roƙa Masallaci. Akwai wani zato cewa a cikin farkon shekaru na mulkin Khan Haji Giray aka gina da kuma Mint, wanda buga azurfa da tsabar kudi da rubutu "Kirk-Ko" (ragowar ginin da aka samu a cikin sansanin soja da archaeologists).

A tarihin da sansanin soja bayan da rashi na matsayi na babban birnin kasar

A tsakiyar karni na 17th Khan Giray Mengli da umarnin a gina wani sabon fada a cikin gishiri Marshes da koma cikin Khan ta zama. A sansanin soja da aka bai wa Karaites da kuma sake masa suna Calais kuma daga bisani ya samu ta karshe sunan - Calais. Karaites sun karu da Calais yanki ne kusan sau 2 saboda adjoined a gefen gabas na tsaro tsarin, wanda aka kafa domin ciniki kwata.

Ancient bango, hada da babban dutse tubalan na rectangular siffar da bonded tare da turmi, ya yanzu matsakaici raba Filato a gabas da yamma sassa, kowanne daga abin da zai iya rike m tsaron gida. Saboda haka akwai wani sunan na sansanin soja - Dzhuft-Calais (tururi dakin ko biyu ƙarfi). Kafin ganuwar da kagara haƙa mai fadi da tsanya, rinjãya ga battering raguna, bayan da ya ketare footbridges.

A tarihin daga lokaci na shiga cikin Rasha Empire

A zamanin mulkin Bitrus I lnsaf Anna Ivanovna Rasha sojojin kama da kuma halakar da Bakhchisaray Calais. Bayan da annexation na Crimea da Rasha Empire da umurnin Empress da aka janye haramcin ga masauki Krymchaks da Karaites, da yawa bar ganuwar da kagara, akwai zauna a rayuwa kawai karamin sashi na Armenian al'umma da kuma Karaites, wanda ba ya so ya bar Hanyar rayuwa.

By karshen karni na 19th dukan mazaunan bar Calais zuwa rayuwa akwai kawai wani iyali rikon. A karshe mazauni na kagara, sanannen masanin Karaite kuma marubucin da yawa kimiyya ayyukan A. Firkovich, bar ganuwar ta a 1874.

Tsaron gida darajar sansanin soja

Fifiko ga Calais - tsaron gida. Bugu da kari ga babban garu garu da mai fadi da moat, akwai aka yi amfani da 'yan more dabarun da muhimmanci yanke shawara. A hanya zuwa ga sansanin soja da ya wuce ɗauka cewa Convent, a cikinsa akwai wani tushen ruwan sha, da katako Mariyam Dere kara yakan steeply - ta hanyar da hurumi - kudancin (kananan) burin. Wadannan ƙofofin da aka gina a matsayin tarko: su ba za a iya gani idan dai kana kusance su a hankali. Mafi m, kafin akwai wani kofa, t. Don. A ganuwar da Ƙofar sun oak ganye.

Sawu zuwa kogon birnin Calais ya kan m gangara na kwazazzabo haka cewa makiya aka tilasta hawa zuwa kagara, ya juya zuwa ta dama, mafi m, a kaikaice (garkuwoyi kwashe a hannunsa na hagu da kuma makamai - a dama). A lokacin da hawan hõre kai farmaki makiya tare da kibiyoyi, wanda ¡uraishi su daga musamman sanye take loopholes a cikin ganuwar da sansanin soja kare. Battering rago zai qwanqwasa qofar da aka kusan ba zai yiwu: a gaban su aka mai m gangara, sawu ne lebur da kuma kai tsaye a gaban wicket sanya wani kaifi nuna. Amma ko da idan abokan gaba da kuma shiga ƙofar garin, jiran shi akwai wani pitfall: Storming da kagara sojoji da waurinta kunkuntar corridor, musamman kwarzana a cikin dutse. Tare da katako dabe, shirya a saman corridor, a kan shugabannin marinjaya yi ruwan duwãtsu, zuba tafasasshen ruwa, da kuma maharba, lurking a kogwanni, harbi ba tare da wani kuskure.

A gabas da birnin kare wani babban bango da wani moat a gaban shi, da kuma kudancin, arewaci da yammacin ganuwar ne ba a bukatar kariya, watau. A. Plateau da wadannan jam'iyyun da aka kika aika mike ya saukar, don samun a nan za su iya kawai samu hawa.

Architecture Calais

Calais - kogon birni, wani photo na wanda, da rashin alheri, ba zai iya kai ta tsohon ikon. Don yau tsira kawai 'yan daga cikin kogwanni da kuma gine-gine Karaites, mafi yawan gine-gine ne a kufai.

A gefen kudu na da kyau kiyaye hadaddun daga cikin tsofaffin kogwanni, babban manufar wanda - tsaron gida ko fama. mafi yawan kogwanni sun rushe a tsohon ɓangare na birnin, amma biyu farm kiyaye su. Wannan manyan mutum ya Tsarin cewa an juna a wani dutse hewn dutse bene. Mai yiwuwa, wadannan kogwanni da aka yi amfani da matsayin kurkuku ga fursunonin, wanda zai iya ci gaba a nan for shekaru (zato dogara ne a kan ragowar sanduna a kan tushe na cikin kogo da windows Sheremetiev bayanin kula, Wanda ya ciyar a kusan shekaru 6 a gidan yari Calais). Sama da wadannan kogwanni cikin 17th karni aka gina shi na zama ginin.

Ba da nisa daga kogon kiyaye misali mai kyau na gine na 15th karni - kabarin Janicke Khanum, sunan wanda da yawa Legends. A daya daga cikinsu, Janicke zauna a fada kusa da barikin sojan for 1000 da sojoji, a karkashin umurnin da sojoji heroically kare Calais, amma Hanim mutu a lokacin da kewaye. Mahaifinta Tokhtamysh Khan umurce su da su kafa a shafin na ta mutuwa octagonal kabarin, ado da high portal da sassaka ginshikan. A cikin zurfin na kabarin ne har yanzu dutsen kabari kabarin daga cikin shahararrun empress.

Da kyau kiyaye da Karaite kenassas dake kusa da kabarin. Wadannan rectangular gini, kewaye da bude baranda da ginshikan da arches aka yi amfani da janar tarurruka, da aka gudanar a nan da sabis da kuma tafiyad da kotuna ruhaniya dattawa. A cikin marigayi 19th karni a kananan gini kenassas kiyaye wani m library na rubutun d¯a, tattara da masana kimiyya A. S. Firkovichem.

Kan kunkuntar babban titi kiyaye ruts daga ƙafafun, da zurfin a wasu wurare ya kai 0.5 mita, suka yi shaida da ta dade karnuka da kuma aiki rai habaka da zarar nan.

Shi ne kuma mai ban sha'awa to ziyarci gidan rataye a wani dutse karshe jama'a na Calais (A. S. Firkovicha). Za ka iya yawo a cikin tsaron gida Tsarin a cikin gabashin ɓangare na sansanin soja.

Kogon birnin Calais: reviews

Yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci sansanin soja birni, na karfi da shawara in je in nan da gogaggen jagora wanda zai gaya labarin wannan musamman wuri, shi zai nuna a duk da daukaka kogo birni Calais. A tsawon kawai a kan 550 mita daidai kiyaye Monuments na tsufa, kallon cewa, kuma kada ku yi imani da cewa da zarar mutane rayu a nan. Sau da yawa, neman a wadannan kogwanni, mutane ba su yi imani da cewa su aka inda ba wanda yake zaune: shi duka "rai" da gine-gine ne sama da ƙasa, da kuma kogwanni kasance wani ɓangare-lokaci, ko iyali dalilai.

Abin da ya gani na gaba?

Za Calais - kogon birni, photos na wanda za a yi shekaru da yawa don tunatar da su daga wannan ban mamaki tafiya - a kan hanyar dawo da daraja a ziyarar da Ruhu Mai Dormition sufi, kafa a cikin 8th karni. Zaka iya hašawa zuwa icon na Dormition Mai Tsarki Virgin, domin na sabis, su yi addu'a, ko kuma zuwa fayil mai rubutu. A sufi akwai wani tushen da dadi ruwan sha.

Har ila yau, tabbata ka ziyarci kyau Khan ta fada a Bakhchisarai, kafa a cikin 16th karni. Wannan kyau fada ne kama da shimfidar wuri na kyau gabashin hikaya. A cikin fadar za ka iya ganin yadda Khan ya rayu, to ziyarci wani art gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma wani nuni da makamai, hoton da sung by Pushkin Fountain na Tears.

Calais - daya daga cikin 'yan tsira kogo garuruwa a cikin Crimea da kuma mafi ziyarci daga gare su. Kogwanni da ganuwar da sansanin soja, kenassas, kabarin kuma kunkuntar titunan birnin numfashi tarihi da kuma tsufa, tilasta tunani game da ma'anar da transience na rayuwa.