Kolguev (tsibirin) inda, bayan wanda aka mai suna? Photo Kolguev tsibirin. weather Kolguev

'Yan mutane san inda tsibirin Kolguev. Wannan wuri ba ya jawo hankalin da yawa daga yawon bude ido, da kuma ta kayayyakin more rayuwa shi ne underdeveloped, don haka, da yawa kada ka nemi rayuwa a nan. Duk da haka, lura da wuri na tsibirin Kolguev da kuma yadda shi ne na ƙwarai, har yanzu zama da amfani. Domin masana kimiyya, shi ne na amfani mai girma, da kuma kowa da kowa zai zama m su koyi game da rayuwar mutane da suke da nisa sosai daga waɗanda muke amfani da su.

Kolguev - wani tsibirin dake a cikin Arctic Ocean, a cikin gabashin ɓangare na Barents Sea. Yana za a iya samu 80 km daga Kanin Larabawa. Kolguev Island ya ta'allaka ne ga gabas ko yamma da sashin Kanin? A daidai amsar - zuwa gabas. Kolguev iyaka da Barents Sea a arewacin kuma a kudu-maso-gabas da kuma kudu, bi da bi, da Pechora Sea da kuma mashigar Pomorskie.

Asalin sunan

Kolguev - tsibirin, asalin wanda sunan shi ne mai kawo rigima. Tsohon Rasha (Kalguev) daya kawai harafin daban-daban daga cikin na zamani. Akwai da dama iri na sa wannan tsibirin da ake kira don haka. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, sau daya a cikin ruwanta wanka ya bace Ivan Cagle, a gida daraja masunci. Ga bayan wanda tsibirin ne mai suna Kolguev, a cewar daya version. A cewar wani ra'ayi, da kalma zo daga "kollague", wanda fassara zuwa drevnefinnskogo a matsayin "triangular" ko "alwatika".

Location na aikin

Kolguev - Island, wanda yanki ne dan kadan fiye da 3.2 sq .. km. An located a kan ƙasa na Rasha Federation, memba na Arkhangelsk yankin da kuma wani bangare ne na Nenets cin gashin kanta District.

Island Tarihi

Na farko mutane a tsibirin, a matsayin archaeologists ce akwai wani wuri a cikin 2nd karni BC. e. Suka zo Kolguev mafi m daga ɓangaren duniya a lokacin hijirarsa na kabilu, wanda sun kasance magabacin yau Nenets.

A tsibirin shi an san shi Kolguyev Novgorod yan kasuwa har yanzu game da 10th karni. Wannan yana da wani ambaci a cikin tarihin na wannan lokaci. A cikin wadannan takardu, duk da haka, ya ce kome ba game da yawan Kolguev, isharar mafi girma mataki a cikin ni'imar da cewa shi aka inda ba wanda yake zaune a lokacin, ko a tsibirin ta yawan ba da yawa.

Hyu Uillobi, wani manzo daga cikin Turanci sarki, ya zama na farko Turai don bayyana Kolguev. A lokacin rani na 1553 ya samu nasara, da tsibirin na Novaya Zemlya da Vaigach da kuma a kan hanya sanadin tuntuɓe, a kan shi. Kolguev a cikin 15th karni da aka kafa a cikin Grand Duchy na Moscow. Akwai shirin gaskiya shaida wannan gaskiyar. Duk da haka, da farko Rasha yan kasuwa da wuya ziyarci shi. Kawai tun da 18th karni da suka fara tafiya a kai a kai ga Kolguev saya furs daga yankin.

Kawai a 1941 ya fara zana taswira da kuma cikakken nazari na tsibirin. Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya ƙare har a matsayin yakin duniya na II ya fara. Kawai a cikin farkon 1950s, da binciken da aka ci gaba. Sashen balaguro, aikata a shekarar 1970, ya bude a cikin ƙasa Kolguev Peschanoozerskoye mai filin. Its raya fara a farkon shekarun 1980s.

Yau tsibirin da ake amfani da hukumomi kawai ga man fetur. Wannan kaiwa zuwa wani m tabarbarewar ta yanayi, haddasa mai girma lalacewar Flora da fauna.

Labarin kasa da kuma asalin na tsibirin

Kolguev - wani tsibirin na siffofin ne kusan cikakken da'irar. Shin fairly mike layin ta Coast, amma har yanzu kafa a wasu wurare da dama bays wanda shigar azzakari cikin farji. Daga gare su ne da located in kudu maso yammacin lebe Promoynuyu, kuma a kudu - lebe Remenka. Da dama kananan spits da tsibiran dake kashe kudancin bakin tekun Kolguev. Daga cikin su akwai tsibiran torrential da Chayachy, kazalika da tresses Gabas Flat da Flat Cats.

Amma ga sauƙi, shi ne kusan lebur kuma low-kwance. Duk da haka, a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na tuddai ne low da tuddai. Tsororuwar tsibirin ne birni Artel'nyi Sarlopy. Tsayinsa ne 151 m saman teku matakin.

Kadan da gishiri da kuma ruwa tare da tabkuna da kuma swamps rufe kusan dukan tsibirin. Wadannan tabkuna ne mafi girma a yankin: Goose, Sandy, kwana, Gishiri, Hyyropskoe, da dai sauransu Bugu da kari, akwai mutane da yawa koguna Kolguyev .. Babbar a tsawon mai girma ne, a karkashin kasa, Yurochnaya, Big Pearchiha, Kwana, Veskina, Whales, gabas da yamma, Goose.

Bari mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da ma'aunan kasa tsarin da tsibirin. Ta aka wakilta shales, limestones da sandstones. Da masu bincike gano akwai kananan adibas na lignite da kwal, kazalika da fairly manyan mai filin, dake a cikin gabashin ɓangare.

Kolguev - tsibirin, asalin wanda ɓangaren duniya. Masana sun yi imani da cewa da samuwar faru a game 25-26 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. Wannan al'amari sa Kolguev zamani irin tsibiran a matsayin New Duniya da kuma Vaigach.

yanayin siffofin

Mu ne sha'awar da tsibirin sauyin yanayi ne m, sub-Arctic. Akwai quite rigar, kamar yadda akwai da yawa waɗansu kõguna, da tabkuna da kuma swamps. Cuaca Kolguev a cikin hunturu da sanyi sa. Mafi qarancin yanayin zafi na iya kai -45 ° C. A lokacin rani zafi za a iya saita zuwa +30 ° C. A Kolguyev dare da iyakacin duniya rana furta, tun tsawon lokacin rana a watan Disamba ne kawai 3:00, yayin da a watan Yuni ya kai gare shi 22 hours. Kolguev - tsibirin, wanda shi ne kullum m, musamman daga watan Janairu zuwa farkon watan Mayu. Iskõki busa yawanci daga arewa maso gabashin da kuma kudu maso yammacin. Hazo a nan a cikin nau'i na ruwan sama, snow da kuma hazo. Su talakawan adadin ne ga shekara na game da 350 mm.

yawan

A tsibirin yau ne 2 kauye - Arewa da kuma Bugrino. A total akwai game da 450 mutane, cewa shi ne dukan yawan Kolguev. Its administrative cibiyar, don haka ya yi magana, shi ne wani kauye Bugrino. An located a kudancin Kolguev, a bakin mashigar Pomeranian. Na biyu shiri, Arewa ne, kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani, a cikin arewa. Wannan wuri shi ne shiryuwa, kuma a meteorological tashar.

A ƙabilun game da rabi daga cikin gida yawan masu Nenets - 'yan asalin mutane tsunduma a reindeer herding, farauta like da kama kifi. Na biyu rabin - da ma'aikata na JSC "Arcticneft" cewa bauta Peschanoozerskoye mai filin located a nan. Wadannan ma'aikata rayuwa a Arewa maso ɓangare na Kolguev, 60 km daga Bugrino. Akwai game da 250 da kuma kowane kwanaki 52 suna maye gurbinsu.

A kauyen Bugrino

A cikin ƙasa na kauye akwai wani kindergarten, tsakiyar makaranta, cibiyar al'adu, dispensary, TV tashar "Moscow", ikon tashar da kuma shagunan. Just wani kauye na game da 100 gidaje. Tun da na gida asibitin ne yanzu a sosai yanayin talauci, an yanke shawarar gina wani sabon ginin tsara don shi. "Zarubezhneft" ke tsunduma a cikin kudi na wannan aikin. Kamfanin rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan kasafi da wannan manufa 71 da miliyan rubles a 2014.

Kamar yadda na aikin Figures, akwai Bugrino 1 km 200 m hanyoyi. Duk da haka, shi ne maras tsada, da kuma wurin a wadda a tarakta ja wani sleigh a kan dukiya daga Coast. Shi ne kusan ko da yaushe kadan used da kuma karye. A hanya - shi ne wajen katako walkways cewa gudu ta hanyar tsawo da fadin kauyen.

Reindeer herding a tsibirin

Reindeer herding - babban zama na gida yawan. Ba dole ne a ce cewa SEC "Kolguev" - waddan gona, wanda a shekara kai ga gundumar kasuwar manyan yawa nama na wadannan dabbobi. Masana kimiyya rarrabe Kolguev irin na barewa, wanda daya ne daga cikin mafi girma reindeer a Rasha. Saboda rashin abinci a 2013-2014 wani taro asarar shanu. Number of deer rage daga dubu 12 zuwa 200-400 mutane.

A Flora Kolguev

A Flora na tsibirin ne sosai hali na Arctic, sub-Arctic kuma Arctic-mai tsayi halitta da kuma yanayin zones. Babban ɓangare na Kolguev daukan tundra. Domin mafi part shi ne wakilta ganye da kuma shrubs. A tsibirin rarrabe kudancin tundra, located a kudu da gabas. da kuma arewa, located in yamma da arewa. Shrub sashen dutsen hada nana Betula (Dwarf Birch), kazalika da dama jinsunan Willow (Salix glauca, Salix lanata da Salix phylicifolia).

Mafi girma a tsibirin rare jinsin su ne a kan yammacin, m da arewacin kan iyakar na yankin. Lura cewa tundra - wani sosai m Laraba. A abu warwarewarsu ciyayi cover, dangane da irin gona ne rage by game da 90% kawai a 3-5 shekaru domin mosses da ciyawa, da kuma kawai 20% na iri-iri na itace. Kuma ƙasa, sauran tsirara, sosai kula yashewa, wanda ya haddasa hazo da kuma iska.

fauna Kolguev

Amma ga fauna, saboda nisa daga babban yankin da rigors na sauyin yanayi ba ma bambance bambancen. A fauna da aka wakilta yafi by Foxes, iyakacin duniya beyar, Foxes, walruses kuma like. A jihar bakin teku ruwa da aka samu dama jinsunan kifi, fiye da rabin na waxanda suke da kama kifi. A lokacin rani da tekun ne ziyarci da Whales, amma a 'yan shekarun nan saboda da samu na tsibirin, irin ziyara ne m isa. Dole ne mu gane cewa Rasha hukumomi ana uncontrolled man fetur.

Domin tsuntsu tsaro, wannan tsibirin - aljanna saboda akwai mutane da yawa jinsunan tsuntsaye gida, ciki har da barnacle Goose, kananan tundra swan, Kakkausar kananan kafafu ungulu, Peregrine Falcon, m geese (belelobika da Bean), baki-throated mai nutsa , da sauransu.

Yawon shakatawa da kuma kai links

Domin yawon shakatawa, wannan tsibirin da cikakken unpromising. Babban rawa a wannan ba ko mai tsanani daga cikin sauyin yanayi da kuma scarcity yanayi da kuma karkara daga nahiyar Kolguev. Za ka iya samun a nan ko dai ta hanyar saukar ungulu zuwa garin Bugrino ko don Peschanoozerskoye filin haske jirgin sama. Saboda haka, sakon da aka ɗauke da iska kai. Don samun zuwa kauyen, za ka iya Bugrino helikofta Mi-8. Sun yi yau da kullum flights zuwa tsibirin. A hali na gaggawa, a Bugu da kari, za ka iya samun nan da helikofta, ka sadar da ma'aikatan kamfanonin man, wanda ya yi aiki a canjawa. Samar da wani iri-iri na kaya, ciki har da zama dole kayayyakin, da teku a lokacin da maɓallin kakar. Su aka kawo daga Arkhangelsk.

Masauki na yawon bude ido, ma, shi ne quite matsala. Saboda haka Kolguev Island, wanda hotuna da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, an har yanzu ziyarci kawai man fetur da kuma naturalists, ga abin da Rasha soja kara kwanan nan. Bugu da kari, tsibirin ne wani lokacin tashi dayansu.