Kwamfuta graphics Menene wannan? Iri Computer Graphics

A cikin shekaru da bayanai fasahar kwamfuta graphics ne yadu amfani a duniya. Me ya sa yake haka rare? Ina shi amfani? Kuma ta wata hanya, abin da kwamfuta graphics? Bari mu ga!

Digital Art: abin da yake da shi?

A mafi sauki hanyar - shi ne mai kimiyya. Bugu da kari, shi ne daya daga cikin batutuwa na kwamfuta kimiyya. Ya yin nazarin hanyoyin da za a aiwatar da kuma format mai hoto image da kwamfuta.

Darussa daga kwamfuta graphics yau wanzu a makarantu da kuma a mafi girma ilimi. Kuma yanzu da wuya a sami wani yanki inda ba zai zama a bukatar.

Har ila yau, a kan tambaya: "Mene ne kwamfuta graphics" - za a iya amsa ya ce, shi ne daya daga cikin yankunan da yawa daga kwamfuta kimiyya, haka kuma yana nufin ƙarami: shi a can for game da shekara arba'in. Kamar kowane sauran kimiyya, shi yana da wani batu, manufofin, hanyoyi da manufofin.

Abin da matsaloli suna warware kwamfuta graphics?

Idan muka yi la'akari da wannan sashe na kwamfuta kimiyya a za'a fadada ma'ana, za mu iya ganin cewa kwamfuta graphics kayan aikin ba ka damar yin wadannan iri uku manufofin:

1) Translation of fi'ili kwatancin a cikin hoto image.

2) A matsalar na amincewa da images, wato, da translation image description.

3) Shirya hoto images.

Filayen da kwamfuta graphics

Duk da cewa da ikon yinsa, daga cikin filin na kwamfuta kimiyya ne haƙĩƙa sosai m, yana yiwuwa a gano babban yankunan kwamfuta graphics, inda hakan ya zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki ga warware matsalolin da cewa tashi.

Da farko, abar shugabanci. Shi ne da widest dukkan, kamar yadda da ya rufe ayyuka jere daga sauki data gani da kuma kawo karshen tare da halittar rai fina-finan.

Na biyu, kai-tasowa Trend: kwamfuta graphics, jigogi da dama da suke da gaske Unlimited, ba ka damar fadada da kuma inganta da basirarsu.

Uku, da bincike shugabanci. Yana hada images of m Concepts. Wato, da kwamfuta graphics aikace-aikace ne zuwa ga halittar wani image cewa yana da wani jiki takwaransa. Me ya sa? Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, domin ya nuna abin koyi ga tsabta ko don gano da canji na sigogi da kuma daidaita su.

Mene ne daban-daban na kwamfuta graphics?

Sake: abin da yake kwamfuta graphics? Wannan sashe Informatics karatu da hanyoyin da nufin domin aiki da kuma halittar hoto image ta amfani da dabara. Akwai hudu iri kwamfuta graphics, duk da cewa akwai da yawa daban-daban shirye-shirye zuwa ga aiwatar da hotunan ta amfani da kwamfuta. Wannan raster, vector, fractal da kuma 3-D graphics.

Menene su bayãnin hukuncin siffofin? Da farko, daga dukan nau'i na kwamfuta graphics bambanta bisa ga ka'idojin samuwar misalai a lokacin da aka nuna a kan takarda ko a allo.

raster graphics

Ainihin kashi na wani raster image ko hoto ne batu. Bayar da cewa image ne a kan allo, wani batu da aka kira a pixel. Kowace daga cikin image pixels yana da sigogi: launi da wuri a kan zane. Hakika, da karami girman da pixels kuma mafi yawan, da mafi alheri da image ya dubi.

Babban matsalar da bitmap image - babban adadin bayanai.

A na biyu drawback na raster graphics - bukatar kara da hoto don ganin cikakken bayani.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, a high magnification image pixelization ya auku, Ina nufin ta rabo a cikin pixels, wanda ƙwarai tarwatsa image.

vector graphics

Elementary bangaren shi ne a layi vector graphics. Babu shakka, a cikin raster graphics ne ma ba line, amma su suna bi a matsayin sa na da maki. A vector graphics a dukan abin da aka kõma, shi ne mai tarin Lines.

Wannan irin kwamfuta graphics manufa domin adanar high ainihin images kamar, misali, zane da kuma zane-zane.

Bayani ne ba adana a fayil a matsayin zana hoton, kamar yadda da lura na da maki ta hanyar abin da shirin Ya mayar da zane.

Haka kuma, domin kowane na da maki daya line aka tanada memory wurare. Ya kamata a lura da cewa vector graphics memory shagaltar da daya abu ya zauna canzawa, kuma ba ya dogara ne a kan ta size da kuma tsawon. Me ya sa wannan magana? Saboda layi ne a vector graphics da aka kafa a matsayin yawan sigogi, ko, mafi kawai, da dabara. Abin da za mu yi da shi a nan gaba, kawai da sigogi na abu zai canza a ƙwaƙwalwar cell. Yawan memory Kwayoyin kasance canzawa.

Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da vector fayiloli, idan aka kwatanta da raster, dauka da yawa kasa memory.

Uku-girma graphics

3D-graphics, ko uku-girma graphics, na nazarin hanyoyin da dabarun domin samar da m model na abubuwa, mafi dace real. Similar images za a iya daukan daga dukkan bangarorin.

Smooth saman da kuma da dama mai hoto siffofi suna amfani da su haifar da wani ƙarfi na da misalai. Tare da su taimako, da artist Halicci farko firam na nan gaba aikin, sa'an nan da surface ne mai rufi da kayayyakin da suke gani kama da real su. Next, sa nauyi, lighting, kaddarorin da yanayi da kuma sauran sigogi na sarari da siffar abu. Sa'an nan kuma, tare da proviso cewa abu motsa, da sa yanayin da gudu.

fractal graphics

Kira fractal juna kunshi guda abubuwa. A manyan yawan images ne fractals. Alal misali, Koch Snowflake, a jam'i Mandelbrot Sierpinski alwatika da "Dragon" Harter-Heytcheya.

A fractal juna za a iya gina ko dai ta amfani da wani algorithm ko ta atomatik samar da image, wanda aka yi da lissafi daga ba dabarbari.

image gyara faruwa a lokacin da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ko canza algorithm na coefficients a Eq.

Babban amfani da fractal graphics ne cewa kawai dabarbari da kuma lissafi mai tsauri da aka adana a cikin image fayil.

A aikace-aikace na kwamfuta graphics

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa zabin da wadannan yankunan ne sosai matukar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi za a iya itemized da kuma fadada.

Saboda haka, za mu jera babban yankunan kwamfuta graphics:

1) tallan kayan kawa;

2) zane;

3) na gani bayanai;

4) halittar amfani dubawa.

Ina amfani da kwamfuta graphics?

A software injiniya ne yadu amfani uku-girma kwamfuta graphics. Kimiyyar kwamfuta da fari ya zo ya taimake injiniyoyin da lissafi. uku-girma graphics tallan kayan kawa daukan wuri ta wajen jiki abubuwa da kuma matakai, misali, animation, video wasanni da cinema.

Raster graphics ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin ci gaban da bugu da multimedia wallafe. Very rare misalai da cewa suna da za'ayi ta hanyar raster graphics, halitta ta amfani da kwamfuta shirye-shirye da hannu. Sau da yawa ga wannan dalili ne leka images cewa artist samar a cikin hoto ko takarda.

A duniya ta yau, yadu amfani dijital kyamarori da kuma camcorders tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa shigar bitmap hotuna zuwa kwamfuta. Haka kuma, mafi yawan hoto Editocin, wanda aka yi nufi ga aiki tare da raster graphics, ba su mayar da hankali kan samar da hotunan da kuma gyara da kuma aiki.

Raster images ake amfani a yanar-gizo, a cikin taron cewa akwai bukatar a canza wurin dukan launi bakan.

Amma da shirin yin aiki tare da vector graphics, a akasin haka, sukan yi amfani da su haifar da misalai, idan for aiki. Wadannan kayan aikin sukan yi amfani da a bugu gidajen, Editorial ofisoshin, zane da kamfanoni da talla hukumomin.

Wajen vector graphics ne sauƙin magance batutuwan da suka shafi zane ayyuka, wanda da su ne bisa amfani da sauki abubuwa da fonts.

Lalle, akwai misalai na vector sosai m ayyukansu, amma suna da togiya maimakon mulkin, domin sauki dalilin cewa shirye-shiryen da misalai vector graphics nufin musamman rikitarwa.

Don ta atomatik ƙirƙirar wani image da taimakon ilmin lissafi lissafin halitta software kayayyakin aiki, da aiki tare da factorial graphics. Yana da yake a cikin shirye-shirye, maimakon a cikin zane ko zane da aka samar factorial abun da ke ciki. Factorial jadawalin wuya amfani don ƙirƙirar lantarki ko buga daftarin aiki, amma shi ne sau da yawa amfani ga nisha dalilai.