Tivadar Csontváry Kostka, zanen "Old Fisherman": hotuna da zane-zane asiri

Unknown lokacin da yake rayuwa fenta Tivadar Csontváry Kostka a karni bayan mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani ya zama shahararren godiya ga film "Old Fisherman". The master kansa ya m ya Almasihu manufa, ko da yake Sahaban kira shi schizophrenia. Yanzu a cikin zane-zane sami boye alamomin da rufe allusions. Shin, ba su yi da shi? Wata irin wannan aikin, hõre m analysis, - zanen "Old Fisherman".

shari'ã artist

A 1853, nan gaba artist aka haife shi a Hungarian kauyen Kishseben. Tivadar rabo na biyar daga cikin 'yan'uwansu da aka qaddara daga yara. Suna shirya domin yiwuwar ci gaba da mahaifinsa kasuwanci. A iyaye ne mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma yana da likita yi. Amma kafin mu samu to pharmacology, saurayin gudanar ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, aikin cinikayya da jami'ai, da koyo daga Faculty of Law. Kuma bayan duk wannan, sai ya juya zuwa ga iyalinsa kasuwanci. Da ya zo cikin kantin magani, Tivadar yi aiki a nan for shekaru goma sha huɗu.

Da zarar, sa'ad da yake 28, a cikin wani al'ada aiki rana, ya kama da takardar sayen magani tsari da kuma wani fensir da sketched da mãkirci: a keken wucewa a wannan lokacin da taga, tare da harnessed a ta bauna. Kafin haka, ya nuna babu karkata ga zanen, amma daga baya ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa, cewa a wannan rana ya yi hangen nesa, ya yi annabci da rabo daga cikin manyan zane-zane.

By da spring of 1881, Tivadar Kostka ya bude ya kantin magani a arewacin Hungary, da kuma ajiye isasshen kudi don tafiya zuwa Italiya. Kamar dukan matasa artists, da ya so ya gani da Masterpieces na tsohon Masters. Ya aka musamman janyo hankalin da Raphael. Dole ne in ce cewa daga baya ya ne gunki ya kai ya tãɓe, ba a samu a yanayin a cikin zane-zane saboda liveliness da gaskiya. Bayan Roma Kostka aika zuwa Paris, sa'an nan - da baya gida.

Tsanani fenti Csontváry (a pseudonym a 1900 dauki ga artist) na fara a tsakiyar 1890s. Ya bar 'yan'uwansa kantin magunguna da kuma zo a Munich don nazarin zanen. Mutane da yawa kafofin Kostka kira kai sanar, da kuma halin da ake ciki ya yi karatu a art makaranta ya Mabayyani compatriot, mafi nasara a filin daga art - Simon Hollósy. Malamin ya kusan shekaru goma da matasa, fiye da almajiri.

A Munich Csontváry halitta da dama hotuna. Print baƙin ciki a kan fuskokin da model yana sanya su a keɓe tare da girmamawa ga mafi gaisuwa da sauran ya aiki. Full-sikelin hotuna ya rubuta ne kawai a cikin tsawon binciken da daga baya rasa sha'awa cikin da shi. Bayan da ya bar Munich, da artist tafi Karlsruhe, inda ya ci gaba da daukar darussa, yanzu a Kallmorgena. Artists 'tarihin rayuwa ce ya rayu a lokacin kage, sayen ga mafi canvases na Belgium samar.

'yan shekarun nan

Nazarin bai kawo gamsuwa Csontváry. Ya sũranta su fahimta da dokoki na zanen kawai domin ya karya su. A 1895 ya sake ya tafi zuwa Italiya aiki a kan yanayin wuri mai faɗi Genre a fi so. The artist ziyarci ba kawai Italiya, amma kuma Faransa, Girka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Lebanon.

A cikin shekaru 1907-1910 ya gudanar da dama solo nune-nunen a Paris, Budapest, kuma a gida. Musamman shahara ba su kawo shi, ko da yake wasu masu sukar bayyana sosai approvingly. A Hungary a duk game da artist ake magana a kai a matsayin hauka. Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa ya sha wahala bouts na schizophrenia, amma har yanzu fatan fitarwa takwarorin.

By 1910, cutar ta fara ci gaba. Hare-haren da aka zama wuya, aikin da aka bai da wahala. Csontváry kan kusan ba rubutu, yin kawai kananan almara. Duk wani aikin da ya ba kawo karshen, ko da yake, da kuma yunkurin. A shekaru sittin da shekaru, da artist mutu a Budapest, inda aka binne shi.

m al'adunmu

Fiye da ɗari da hamsin zane-zane da kuma zane bar baya Tivadar Csontváry Kostka. Zanen "Old Fisherman", rubuta a 1902, shi ne watakila ya fi shahara na duk, "da alama." Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyukan da aka halitta, a cikin gajeren lokaci tsakanin 1903 da kuma 1909. Shi ne mai m flowering na artist, a flash na baiwa. By su style su ne ire-iren su Expressionism. Aikinsa ne ma yaba da siffofin na symbolism, post-impressionism kuma ko da surrealism.

posthumous fitarwa

Bayan rasuwar Csontváry aikinsa tsira kawai a matsayin wata mu'ujiza. Sister tambayi evaluators don gano yadda za ka iya samun for hoto. Su tabbatar mata cewa su m darajar ne sifili. The mace sai ta muhawwara da cewa idan da hotuna ne bad, sa'an nan da zane, sa'an nan a kalla wani zo a cikin m. Kuma shi yana sanya su a cikin girma da sayarwa. Duk da aikin dauki m Gidiyon Gerlotsi, outbid starovschika. Ya daga baya posted da yanar gizo a cikin Budapest School of Fine Arts, kuma a shekarar 1949 ya nuna su a Belgium da kuma Faransa.

Kafin mutuwarsa, da m bayar da tarin Zoltan Fülöp, nan gaba darektan na Csontváry Museum. An riga an wani rabo. Amma ina sun zauna an artist da aka sani kawai zuwa kunkuntar da'irar magoya a gida, idan da kusan karni bayan mutuwarsa, daya daga cikin ma'aikata na gidan kayan gargajiya ba su samu wani asiri da cewa har yanzu rike da zanen "Old Fisherman". Tun daga nan, da sunan Csontváry, a lokacin da rai ba ya sayar da wata guda zanen, ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya.

"Old Fisherman": bayanin irin hoto

Kusan duk na sarari masana'anta daukan adadi na wani tsofaffi mutum. Storm iska ruffled gashi kuma wani tsohon biyu-hannu tufafi. A Fisherman - black rigan, beret da wani m alkyabbar. Ya leans a kan sandarsa, stares a viewer. Fuskarsa da wani m fata, an rufe tare da m cibiyar sadarwa na wrinkles. A baya, da artist shirya bay. Waves watse a bakin kadan gidaje a kan bankunan na bututu akwai wani lokacin farin ciki hayaki. A sararin sama - duwãtsu, ko kuma wajen, su silhouettes, boye Milky hazo. A dangane da siffa daga cikin masunci mai faɗi sakandare, da kuma taka rawar da bango.

Zanen "Old Fisherman" Csontváry warware a wani kange kewayon launuka, mamaye muted taushi launuka: blue-m, m, yashi, inuwõyinta suna kusa, launin ruwan kasa.

Asirin zanen "Old Fisherman"

Abin da wani samu sanya ma'aikaci na gidan kayan gargajiya? Bayyanãwa da rikici: ya gano cewa idan ka kusa da rabi daga cikin zane da sauran symmetrically gani, samun gaba daya ƙãre kayan zane. Kuma yana aiki a lokuta biyu: tare da, dama da hagu na hoto. Ga wani sirri domin kusan shekara ɗari kiyaye zanen "Old Fisherman". Photo saka rabin yanzu saukin samuwa a kan Internet. A gani na da hakkin rabin - kyau tsohon mutum, ubelonny masu gashi, a kan backdrop teku surface. Idan ka gani gefen hagu, mun ga mutumin da a peaked hat da slanting idanu da kuma haukan raƙuman ruwa baya shi.

fassarar

Zanen "Old Fisherman" alama farkon search for sufi da allusions a cikin ayyukan Csontváry. Ya ƙara da man fetur zuwa ga wuta kuma da cewa, a cikin rãyuwar da artist ne sau da yawa ya wuce a kan wani annabci sautin. Wannan zanen da aka yi fassara a matsayin wata alama a kan biyuntakar dabi'ar mutum: daya mutumin da samun a kan haske da duhu halves, nagarta da mugunta. Wani lokaci kuma ana kiranta "Allah da Iblis," wanda sake nuna ta dualism.

Lalle ne, nasara labari Kostka Tivadar Csontváry - wani misali da wani kirtani na farin ciki haduwa (ko da girma makoma-bayyana a gare shi a mafarki, ya sani?). Zanen "Old Fisherman" - da baiwa da hauka - Abin mamaki ya zama ya key a duniya daraja. Abin baƙin ciki, ya san ba ya zo da shi a lokacin rayuwarsa. Amma a yau Csontváry an dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma mafi asali artists na Hungary.