Neoclassicism a gine: sanannen gine-gine da kuma gine-ginen

Koma zuwa tsoho canons a art faru akai-akai. Too kyau da kuma jitu da aka gina, sassaka, zanen na gargajiya da zamani. Quite dogon lokaci a cikin tarihi na art aka kira neoclassicism ga Tarurrukan na zamanin d canons na kyakkyawa da canji na su a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da zamani duniya. Neoclassicism a gine aiki da ɗan daban a daban-daban kasashen Turai. Na musamman sha'awa ga fassarar da classic ka'idodinta Rasha gine-ginen ya nuna.

idiosyncrasy

Ya main aiki a cikin neo-gargajiya gine gan da dawowar a tushen al'adar Turai. A farkon da archaeological tono a kasar Girka da kuma Italiya a cikin XVII karni ya sa take da sha'awar da gine-ginen da ka'idodinta tsoho gine-ginen. Wannan ya haddasa bayyanar style, kira classicism, wanda tasowa da kuma hankali ya canza kama zuwa neoclassicism. Its main alama ne dangane da hadisin da romantic kange. Kafin wadannan biyu styles gasa da juna, amma a karshe samu da yawa da na kowa ƙasa.

Non-gargajiya gine-gine da mafi sauƙi, alheri da directness idan aka kwatanta da litattafansu. So kuma neoclassicism ne na musamman da hankali ga kiyaye rabbai, da so ga monumentality, ko pomposity. Gine-ginen ba kawai kofe tsoho tsarin na wani domin, amma ayan sa sabon rubutu. Alal misali, Masar ko Etruscan. The style ne halin da hani da ko da rigor. M, manyan-sikelin gine-gine da Greek abubuwa - cewa an adawa da neo-gargajiya style gine-gine.

Periodization na neoclassicism a gine

Kalmar "neo-gargajiya" architecture yana da wasu inconsistencies. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda da Turai da kuma Rasha hanyoyin da kasafi na ta lokaci. A cikin Turai, shi soma raba classicism (XVII karni) da neo-gargajiya (biyu da rabi na XVIII, da style of Louis 16th - na farko na uku na XIX). A kasar, da halin da ake ciki shi ne da ɗan daban-daban. Alal misali, a Rasha da kuma Jamus, wannan lokaci kawai dauke classicism. Kuma a karkashin sabon classic gine nufi ƙarshen XIX - farkon XX karni. A Rasha, inda neoclassicism da aka musamman rare da alheri shi ne zuwa kashi uku lokaci.

Na farko, da layin XIX - farkon XX karni, ya samo asali a matsayin mayar da martani ga rikicin na zamani. Its brevity shi ne tsayayya da su wuce kima ado Art Nouveau. A wannan lokaci, akwai wani Trend retrospectivism neman a rayar da classic rabbai da kuma layout. Na biyu lokaci - 1930 shekaru na XX karni. A Rasha an kuma kira Stalin ta Empire. Ya shiga cikin Baroque fasali na classicism, Art Nouveau da kuma abubuwa na kasa da gine-gine makarantu. The uku - 1950s. Ya mafi yawa halayyar American gine-gine, inda suka sãmi sabon jiki da sauki kuma monumental siffofin.

Neoclassicism a duniya gine

Classicism ya fi iko m style. Ya rungumi dukkan zane-zane. Its raya kasa ya kai ga zargin neoclassicism, wanda aka gina ba a kan m kwaikwayo na zamanin d model, kuma su reinterpretation. Style haifa tsoho canons, hada su tare da binciken na zamani da kuma wasu na kasa nasarori. Ka'idojin da aka aza baya a XVII karni by Andrea Palladio, wanda ya gina da yawa gine-gine a Vicenza. Wadannan Tsarin sun zama abin koyi ga mutanen zamanin da gine-ginen. Ya zuga sha'awa a cikin receptions na zamanin d gine-ginen da ya ba ta gushe ba, domin da yawa ƙarni.

A farko gine-gine a "neo-gargajiya" style tare da tsakaitã siffofi, layuka na ginshikan, domed rufi da kuma rectangular facades bayyana a Faransa. Daga baya, da Trend tsince gine-ginen a sauran kasashen Turai. Kuma sannu a hankali ya "dokatyvayutsya" to America. Neoclassicism - yana da ba ko da gaske a style. Ã'a, shi ne wani nau'i ne na Trend tunani na gine-ginen da suka gabata. Hankali handling na kafa hadisai da kuma yi kan su Dalili na zamani gine-gine da wani sabon zane da kuma Popular ideas - Waɗannan su ne ka'idodin neoclassical tattalin arziki.

Neoclassicism a Faransa

A farko neo-gargajiya gine-gine Masterpieces da aka halicce ta Claude Ledoux, wanda ya fara aikinsu kafin Faransa juyin juya halin. Its saltworks a Arc-et-Senans, da kwastan gini a ƙofar Paris, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Besançon farfado Greek hadisin da alama farkon mai tsananin haske epoch a Faransa neo-gargajiya gine. Mafi shahara wakilin wannan salon ne Jacques Ange Gabriel. A cikin tsakiyar 50s na XVIII karni da ya halitta wani m gini na Soja School a cikin Champ de Mars, m Opera Garnier, da Petit Trianon a Versailles, Concorde Square a Paris aikin. Aikinsa ya zama forerunners na Yuan na neo-classicism a Faransa.

Ya aka bi da yawa talented gine-ginen da aka gina a cikin wannan salon. Yana Nicolas de Maiziere, wanda Ya halitta hatsi kasuwar, Jacques-Denis Antoine da m Mint a kan bankunan na Seine, Sharl De Wailly kuma m wasan kwaikwayo "Odeon". Neoclassicism ne a Jewel na Paris ya zuwa yanzu. Gina tare da jitu rabbai, domes, triangular porticos da kuma ginshikan yanzu zama ta girman kai.

Neoclassicism a Birtaniya

A cikin shekaru 60 da na XVIII karni neo-gargajiya gine shi ne mafi latsa style a Ingila. Its kafa sun biyu mai girma gine-ginen Robert Adam da kuma Uilyam Chembers. Su, sabanin su Faransa abokan aiki, gina mafi yawa zama gine-gine. Adam ziyarci Italiya, inda taba fadi cikin soyayya da tsoho Tsarin da gine-gine A. Palladio.

Turanci Neoclassicism sãɓã wa jũna daga Faransa mafi alherin da sauƙi. Nan, mai da hankali da aka biya a ciki, ya fi shahara na wanda yake da kayan ado Syon House tare da Etruscan motifs. The mãsu mayẽwa daga Birtaniya neo-gargajiya hadisin Dzhon Bhullan da Dzhordzh dajin. Su ably ci gaba "style of Adam." A gini na Bank of England da kuma kurkuku a Newgate sun kyau kwarai misalai na m neo-gargajiya Turanci.

A baza na neoclassicism a Turai

Talented wakilan neoclassicism sun ko'ina Turai. Alal misali, a kasar Jamus, da mafi kyau ayyukansu a cikin wannan style halitta Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Tsaurara kuma dunkule halittar musamman epoch a neoclassicism. Its gine-gine ne da haihuwa da kuma sabon gidan kayan gargajiya a Berlin guardroom ana ir} iro reworked tsarin kula da gargajiya dabaru da kuma tsare-tsaren.

A Italiya, da neoclassic isa m rabbai. A. Palladio, tare da na marmari gine-gine a Venice da Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini da kuma La Scala ne lu'u-lu'u na duniya gine. Daga baya, Marcello Piacentini ya gudanar a kansa hanyar fassara da arziki al'adunmu na zamanin d gine da kuma Palladian style a farkon kwata na XX karni. Ya halitta na musamman da hadaddun harabar a Roma da kuma Victoria Square a Brescia.

Rasha neoclassicism: babban fasali

A musamman rawar da ake samu neoclassical style a Rasha gine. A mataki na farko da aka alaka shawo kan rikicin na wayewar, a koma gargajiya Tushen, sauƙi na bincike. Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky tsunduma a cikin binciken na gargajiya, zinariya rabbai. Sun gano da gine-gine Masterpieces na Italiya da kuma Faransa, aiwatar da binciken a cikin su gine-gine. Na biyu lokaci na neoclassicism saita aiki na samar da gagarumin ayyuka sunã tasbĩhi game da ikon Stalin. Monuments da kuma sikelin na wadannan gine-gine har yanzu mamaki mutane.

Famous Rasha gine-ginen

Rasha gine iya zama alfahari da dukan galaxy na fice artists wanda ya yi aiki a cikin neoclassical style. The kafa yana dauke su Ivan Fomin. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya kishin nazarin gargajiya ka'idojin a Rasha hadisin. Ya mallaki msar tambayar aiki da tabbatar da cigaban gargajiya style, da kuma irin shahararren gine-gine kamar yadda Polovtseva gidan a St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute a Ivanovo, Moscow Soviet gini a Moscow. Daga cikin gine-ginen da suka professed ideas retrospective neoclassical tsayawar Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. Serafim, A. Belogrud da yawa wasu. Gine-ginen Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg ba kawai zama da girman kai na biyu Rasha manya, amma kuma saita sautin ga ci gaban sauran birane a kasar.

Neoclassicism a cikin nau'i na Moscow

A babban birnin kasar na Rasha za su iya a yanzu da nuna alfahari nuna musamman gine-gine Masterpieces a neoclassical style. Dukansu lokaci na wannan style bar wani gagarumin lamba a kan tituna. Moscow gine-ginen da basira ado fi so birni. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri gine-gine ya kamata a kira gida tseren al'umma da kuma "House Tower" a kan Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO qasaita Mindovsky m Nikolai Lazarev, wani tsawo zuwa Moscow Art Theater F. Shechtel, ginin Jihar Savings Bank Ivanov-Shicai. Stalin tsawon neoclassicism ne saba wa kowane dan kasa Rasha. Wannan sanannen skyscraper L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova da sauran gine-ginen.

Neoclassicism a St. Petersburg

Rungumi wani musamman fassarar neo-gargajiya St. Petersburg shi ne shahararren "gidan da hasumiyai" K. Rosenstein. A da shi na da hadisai suna lauye da abubuwa na zamani da kuma classic. Northern babban birnin kasar iya fariya da kuma da yawa daga wasu gine-gine a wannan salon. The fi shahara su ne wadanda wuraren: da gidan-Abamelek Lazarev m I. Fomin, cibiyar Tom de Thomon, wakilin farkon neo-gargajiya qasaita Betlinga aikin A. Grube, Apartment gini tsara ta J. Timofeev Kovarskii da sauran talented aiki.