Wanda ya rubuta "Maigida, kuma Margarita"? A tarihin labari "The Master kuma Margarita"

Ko da yake labari da aka rubuta dogon lokaci da kuma shi ne mai classic, kuma shi ne har yanzu sosai mashahuri a cikin ƙaramin tsara. Godiya ga makaranta manhaja kusan kowa da kowa ya san wannan labari da kuma wanda ya rubuta shi. "The Master kuma Margarita" - wani labari, halitta mafi girma marubuci Mihailom Afanasevichem Bulgakovym.

Sha'aninsu dabam to labari

Sha'aninsu dabam mutane dangane da wannan aiki shi ne kusan wadanda ba babu. A gaskiya, masu karatu ya kasu kashi biyu sansani: waɗanda suke ƙaunar romance kuma bata sha'awa su, kuma waɗanda suka yi kawai ƙi da kuma ba ya gane baiwa Bulgakov. Amma akwai wani na uku, da karami, category. Don shi za a iya dangana, watakila, kawai kananan yara. Waɗancan ne waɗanda suka yi ba ji game da labari, kuma bai sani ba, wanda marubucin ne.

"Jagora, kuma Margarita" - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m da m litattafan. Mutane da yawa marubuta da kuma wallafe-wallafen malamai sun yi kokarin warware tatsuniya na da shahararsa da kuma samun nasarar a cikin karatu. Har zuwa karshen shi ba wanda ya yet nasara.

Ba mutane da yawa za su iya tuna da kiran irin ayyukan, wanda zai yi generated sosai shawara a kusa da su. Game da Bulgakov ta labari, ba su gushe wannan rana. Suna magana game da Littafi Mai Tsarki labarin bangaren, da prototypes na leoyan, da falsafa da kuma ado da tushen da labari, game da wanda duk wannan shi ne babban harafin, har ma da Genre a inda aka rubuta aiki.

The matakai uku na rubuta wani labari, ta B. V. Sokolovu

Ra'ayinta game da wallafe-wallafen tarihi na rubuce-rubuce na "The Master kuma Margarita", amma kuma game da yanayin wannan aiki sãɓawa jũna. Alal misali, Sokolov, author of "Bulgakov Encyclopedia", ya raba da labari version na uku, saukarwa. Ya ce cewa aikin a kan samfurin ya fara a 1928. Mai yiwuwa, shi ne to da cewa marubucin labari "The Master kuma Margarita" kuma ya shirya, kuma ya rubuta wasu surori kawai ya fara a hunturu 1929. Riga na farko da cikakken edition aka kaddamar a cikin bazara na wannan shekara. Amma akwai da aka ba kai tsaye gaya wa marubucin wanda ya rubuta shi. "Jagora, kuma Margarita" ko da sa'an nan ba su bayyana a matsayin title na aiki. A rubutun taken "Furibunda" da aka bai wa m "Nedra" a karkashin pseudonym K. Tugay. A sha takwas Maris 1930 an halaka su da marubucin. Kamar wancan ƙare rukunin farko na Editorial aiki, saki Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

A mataki na biyu fara a kaka 1936. Kuma babu wanda ya san a lokacin da labari, za a kira a matsayin mu a yanzu saba. A daban-daban da tunani da kuma Bulgakov da kansa, da wanda ya rubuta shi. "Jagora, kuma Margarita" - a aikin yi na'am da wani sunan daban daga marubucin: "Ya bayyana" da kuma "Lalle ne", "Zuwan", "Grand Chancellor", "Ga ni", "black sihiri", "A hat da gashin tsuntsu" "kofato shawara" da "Kofaton baƙo", "Black theologian," kuma ko da "Shai an". Zauna canzawa, daya kawai subtitle - "Fantasy labari."

Kuma a karshe, na uku mataki - biyu da rabi na 1936 har zuwa karshen shekara ta 1938. Da farko labari da aka kira "Prince Dark", amma sai har yanzu sun samu wata saba sunan ga mu. Kuma a cikin farkon lokacin rani, a 1938, an sake buga shi a cika a karo na farko.

Duk abin da ya faru tare da labari kara Sokolov ba la'akari da Editorial ofisoshin, da kuma kiran marubucin gyare-gyare.

Nine bugu, bisa ga Losev

V. I. Losev kan ashirin shekaru nazarin biography da kuma aiki na Mikhail Bulgakov. Ya rabu da tarihi na rubuce-rubuce da labari a cikin tara sassa, kamar marubucin kansa.

• Da farko Edition - "black sihiri". Wannan daftarin da labari, da farko littafin da aka rubuta a 1928-1929. Yana yana da wani Jagora da Margarita, kuma akwai kawai hudu surori.
• Na biyu - "kofato m." Wannan shi ne karo na biyu da littafin da wannan m shekaru. Wannan ne mai ci gaba, da kashi na biyu na farko edition na aiki. Yana yana da kawai uku surori, amma sai can ya kasance da ra'ayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimman sassa na labari - shi ne mai sashe da ake kira "The Bisharar Woland."
• The uku - "Maraice m Asabar." Tsararr, almara da labari, rubuta a cikin shekaru 1929-1931. Akwai ma uku surori. Kuma kafin karshe version of wanda ya kai kawai harka a Griboedov.
• Fourth - "Grand Chancellor". A farko da cikakken edition na rubutun. Akwai riga bayyana Margarita da ta lover. Wannan kawai sunansa har Jagora da kuma mawãƙi ne.
• Biyar - "Fantasy labari." Wannan babi kofe da kuma gama a 1934-1936 shekaru. Akwai sabon bayani, amma babu wani gagarumin gyare-gyare.
• Shida - "Golden Mashi". Wannan ya kai ga wani ragged "Magic Kudi" ba a kare ba rubutum.
• Bakwai - "Prince Dark." A farko goma sha uku surori da labari. Labarin soyayya The Master kuma Margarita ba a nan, da kuma duk abin da aka yanka a kan kashe bayyanar da protagonist. Kuma a nan Berlioz sunan Mirtsevym.
• Takwas part - "The Master kuma Margarita." Complete kuma balagagge rubutum edition na 1928-1937 ta. Kuma wannan version da aka buga da 'yar'uwa Elena Bulgakova Olga Bokshanskoy.
• Tara - kamar yadda "The Master kuma Margarita." A karshe kuma karshe version, wanda ya hada da dukan latest tarawa da kuma sharhi Bulgakov. Sai aka buga bayan mutuwar marubuci Elena Sergeevna, matarsa, a shekarar 1966.

Option labarai Belobrovtsevoy da Kulyus

A fannoni da dama, su version ne kama da cewa Losev, kamar yadda suka cikakken yarda da zargi na farko version. Duk da haka, na biyu shugaban na Editocin suka kira "kofato m" da labari simintin "Nedra" a cikin wallafe-wallafe gidan. A nan da farko akwai Jagora, wanda sunan shi ne har yanzu Fesey. Ya taka rawar da Faust yana da wani margaritas. The uku version, bisa Belobrovtsevoy da Kulyus ne "Fantasy labari" da aka rubuta ta hanyar Bulgakov a 1932, inda Jagora aka sake daga Fesi a Mawãƙi kuma riga bayyana Margarita. Huxu, da suka yi la'akari da 1936 edition, daya cewa an kammala karo na farko da kalmar "ƙare." Next shi ne samfurin na 1937 - ba a kare ba labari "Prince Dark." A rubutun nan buga O. S. Bokshanskoy. Riga ta miya mawallafa dauke da bakwai edition. Da na takwas da na karshe - shi ne cewa da hakkin ya Bulgakov da matarsa a gabãnin mutuwarsa, kuma aka buga bayan mutuwarsa.

Mun buga wani labari a cikin wani nau'i a cikin abin da muka sani shi, a karon farko a cikin "Moscow" mujallar a cikin 1966. A samfurin nan da nan ya zama m, da kuma sunan Bulgakov taba bar lebe da tsaransa. Sa'an nan, daidai, babu daya kiwata tambaya na wanda shi ne marubucin ayyukan da suka rubuta. "The Master kuma Margarita" - wani labari cewa ya yi babbar alama. Kuma har yanzu ya kula da bata masa suna.