A mafi ecclesiastical dalĩli a karkashin Bitrus 1. The sake fasalin na Bitrus 1 taƙaice

Peter na zauna a cikin tarihin kasar mu a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayin kawo canji suka juya abruptly kunna rai na Rasha. A wannan rawa tare da shi ne ya dace kawai da Vladimir Lenin da Alexander II. Fiye da shekaru 36 da m mulkin autocrat jihar ba kawai canza su matsayi da mulkin Empire. Canza duk duniyoyin na kasa rai. A sake fasalin shafi kowa da kowa - daga rashin gida da mutum daga Petersburg a karkashin gini.

Ba na zauna a gefe da kuma Church. Tare da iyaka dalĩli a tsakanin yawan jama'a, wannan shiri da aka alama ta conservatism da kuma rashin iyawa ga canza da kuma tsoma baki tare da girma ikon Bitrus. Conservatism da kuma riko da sunnar firistoci ba hana sarki ya yi canje-canje a cikin addini da'irori. Na farko shi ne, ba shakka, da Orthodox taron majalisar Krista. Amma zai zama daidai ba ne a ce wannan canza kan.

Jihar na Church kafin ya gyara aikinsa,

A sake fasalin na Bitrus 1, a takaice, aka sa ta a iri-iri da matsaloli a cikin al'umma. Wannan ya shafi ma ga Church. XVII karni da aka alama ta m yunkuri, ciki har da a kan addini filaye. Uba Peter - Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - ya fuskanci sarki Nikon, wanda ya ciyar da mai yawa da sake fasalin shafi wasu Kirista ayyukan hajji. Wannan ya taso da fushin mutane. Mutane da yawa ba sa so su jefa cikin bangaskiya daga ubanninsu da aka ƙarshe da ake zargi da karkatacciyar koyarwa. Splittism har yanzu wanzu a yau, amma a cikin XVIII karni matsalar da aka ji musamman sa samun abinci.

A key batu ya rarraba ikon tsakanin sarki da kuma sarki. Wannan gaskiya ne, misali, sufi da ƙasashe domin da wannan sunan (watau ma'aikatun), wanda ya yi kokarin tsara da limaman management. Irin wannan kutse na wadanda mutane ikon fusatar da sarki, da kuma wannan rikici ma zauna bude a lokacin da Accession a kan karaga, ɗansa Alexis.

Bitrus hali zuwa Church

A gaskiya, a lokacin da Bitrus 1 cikin al'amuran addini ci gaba da manufofin da mahaifinsa. A ra'ayi na sabon autocrat sun fi mayar kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wadanda mutane ilimi, kazalika da firistoci na Kyiv Metropolis, wanda aka annexed zuwa Moscow Patriarchate a 1688. Bugu da kari, ya aka nĩsantar daga akida na Kirista rai, haka ma, gudanar ya yi tafiya da Protestant Turai, inda da dangantaka limaman aka shirya bisa ga sabon alamu, halitta bayan da canji. Alal misali, ya kamata a lura da cewa matasa King kallo tare da sha'awa a kan kwarewa da Turanci kambi, inda monarch ne da kai, kuma duk gida Church of England.

A mafi ecclesiastical dalĩli a karkashin Bitrus 1 a farkon sarautar Ahasurus - patriarchy, wanda har yanzu yana da wani yawa na iko da mulkin kai. Monarch ne, ba shakka, bai son da ya so a hannu daya ga rinjayi dukan mafi girma da limaman kai tsaye kanta, amma a kan sauran - daukarsa da distaste da hange na ziyartar Moscow a kan kansa Paparoma. Guardian daga cikin kursiyin St. Paul ba shigar da wani wani ta ikon. Kuma nemi, misali, Nikon da Alexis.

A mataki na farko na matasa sarki a dangantakar da Orthodox limaman, da ban a gina sabon gidajen lama a Siberia. Wannan doka ne kwanan rana 1699 shekara. Nan da nan bayan, da Northern War tare da Sweden, wanda aka kullum shagala daga tambayar Peter dangantakar da Orthodoxy.

Samar da wani suna locum tenens

Lokacin da sarki Adrian ya rasu, Sarkin nada wani locum tenens na patriarchal kursiyinsa a 1700. Sun zama Lardi na Ryazan Stefan Yavorsky. An halatta gaje Hadrian ta kawai da yawa tare da "al'amuran bangaskiya". Wannan ke tsunduma a karkatacciyar koyarwa da kuma bauta. All sauran iko da aka raba tsakanin sarki umarni. Wannan ya shafi musamman ga tattalin arziki aiki a cikin Church asashe. Yaƙi da Sweden ya yi alkawarin zama dogon, jihar da ake bukata albarkatu, da kuma Sarkin aka ba za su bar cikin "firistoci" karin kudi. Kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, shi ne wata shrewd tafi. Ba da da ewa Ikklesiya karrarawa fara aika zuwa smelter ga sabon bindigogi. A mafi ecclesiastical dalĩli a karkashin Bitrus 1 bai guje.

Locum Tenens da wani m iko. A duk batutuwa da ya yi shãwara da sauran bishops, kuma duk da rahotanni aiko kai tsaye ga sarki. A lokacin da garambawul da aka daskarewa.

A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya karu da darajar da zuhudu domin. A takaice, ya aka umurce ka dauki iko da tsoho Rasha hadisin - bara. Wãwãye, kuma rokon aka kama da kuma dauka da oda. Azabtar da waɗanda suka bãyar da zakka, ko da kuwa daraja da kuma matsayi a cikin al'umma. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, irin wannan mutum ya karbi wata azãba.

samar da taron majalisar Krista

A karshe, a 1721 Mai Tsarki Hukumar taron majalisar Krista da aka halitta. A da ginshikin, ya zama wani analogue na majalisar dattijai na Rasha Empire, wadda ke da alhakin zartarwa ikon, kasancewa mafi girma sashin jiki na jihar, kai tsaye ƙarƙashin sarki.

Majalisar Krista a Rasha nufi matsayi kamar shugaba da kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa. Ko da yake su aka zarar soke, amma irin wannan mataki ba zai iya zama mafi alhẽri nuna al'ada na Bitrus I amfani da al'adar ranking, cewa shi ne, don ƙirƙirar sabon sunã sahu guda, da ciwon kõme ba yi da baya. Shugaban farko da aka Stefan Yarovskaya. Ba da ikon kuma da ikon ya ba amfani. Mataimakin shugaban kasar dubawa aiki. A wasu kalmomin, shi ne Odita Janar, wanda sanar wa sarki da dukan abin da aka faruwa a cikin sashen.

sauran wurare

Akwai kuma matsayin da sarki m, wanda kayyade dangantakar da sabon tsarin da jama'a, da kuma ma yana da 'yancin kada kuri'a da kuma lobbied cikin bukatun da kambi.

Kamar yadda a cikin wadanda mutane ma'aikatun, a cikin taron majalisar Krista sun ruhu fiscals. Su Sphere da tasiri ne duk ruhaniya ayyuka a cikin kasar. Su duba cikar addini norms, da sauransu. D.

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da taron majalisar Krista an halitta a matsayin wani analogue na Majalisar Dattijan, sabili da haka kullum a lamba tare da shi. Mahada tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu ya zama na musamman wakili wanda Ya tsĩrar da rahotanni da ke da alhakin dangantaka.

Ni alhakin abin da taron majalisar Krista

Majalisar Krista da alhakin hada da duka da limaman al'amura da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da Laity. A musamman, mafi girma ecclesiastical dalĩli a karkashin Bitrus 1 ya tilasta Kirista ayyukan hajji, da kuma kawar da camfi. Yana da daraja a ce game da ilimi. Majalisar Krista a karkashin Bitrus 1 kasance da ƙarshen iko a lura da litattafan a cikin daban-daban makarantu.

wadanda mutane limaman

A kan tsari na Bitrus cikin wadanda mutane limaman ya zama da kayan aiki na jihar, wanda zai shafi talakawa da kuma bi ruhaniya yanayin. A wasu kalmomin, shi da aka samar da wannan sarari da kuma kayyade aji a matsayin nobility da m aji, tare da burinta da kuma ayyuka.

Rasha da limaman cikin ta gabata tarihi da aka bambanta da ta amfani ga jama'a. Ba wani firist caste. A akasin wannan, a can zai fara kusan kowa. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin ƙasa akwai wani ragi na firistoci, da yawa kuma cikinsu sun daina bauta a cikin Ikklesiya da kuma zama vagrants. Wadannan bayin Church da ake kira "sacral". A rashin tsari na yanayi, ba shakka, yana da wani abu daga cikin talakawa a lokacin da Bitrus 1.

Shigar da tsananin dokokin, bisa ga abin da sabis na firist, ya kawai yabi sabon sarki na garambawul. Majalisar Krista a karkashin Bitrus 1 bayar da umarni obliging gwamnatin sanar da confessor, idan wani mutum da aka shigar ga furci na jihar laifi, ko sabo da kambi. Indomitable hukuncin kisa ne.

coci da ilimi

Wurare da dama a audits an za'ayi, da samuwar malamai Checkers. Su sakamakon wani m musu da mutunci, kuma akan rage aji. A mafi ecclesiastical dalĩli a karkashin Bitrus 1 gabatar da codified sabon dokoki samun firistoci. Har ila yau, yanzu kowane Ikklesiya iya kawai da wani yawan dattijan, kuma babu wani mutum guda more. Layi daya to wannan shi ne Saukake hanya fitar da su daga ofishin.

Da yake magana game da samuwar na coci a farkon kwata na XVIII karni, shi ne dole a lura da aiki bude taron a cikin 20s. New makarantu sun bayyana a Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov, Tver, Kazan, Kolomna, Pskov da kuma sauran birane na sabon daular. A shirin kunshi 8 azuzuwan. Akwai boys da aka dauka da farko form.

yau da kullum da limaman

Black limaman kuma suka zama abu, wanda aka directed da sake fasalin na Bitrus 1. A takaice, rayuwa canjãwa gidajen lama rage zuwa uku a raga. Da fari dai, adadin su ya steadily rage. Abu na biyu, shi ƙuntatãwa samun girma. Uku, da sauran gidajen lama sun yi maka m manufar.

Dalilin wannan kuwa shi ne dangantaka na monarch qiyayyarsu ga sufaye. Wannan ya fi mayar saboda da yara abubuwan abin da suka kasance 'yan tawayen. Bugu da kari, da sarki ya da nisa sufi hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Azumi da kuma addu'ar da ya fi son gudanar da aiki. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa ya yi yana sassaka jirgin ruwa, aiki kamar yadda kafinta, kuma gidajen lama an ba son.

Fata cewa wadannan cibiyoyin sun kawo wasu amfani wa jihar, Peter umurni da Redo su a asibitoci, masana'antu, makarantu da sauransu. D. Amma da rai daga cikin sufaye ne ƙwarai rikitarwa. A musamman, da aka hana su bar ganuwar ƙasarsa makõmarsu. Absences mai tsanani azaba ba.

Sakamako na coci gyare-gyare da ta kara makoma

Peter nã kasance mai tsayuwa dattaku da kuma, bisa ga wannan imani ba da limaman cog a cikin sauran tsarin. Ganin kansa da tafin kafa mai bãyar da ĩko a cikin ƙasa, ya hana Patriarchate na wani ƙarfi, kuma ƙarshe gaba daya hallaka cikin tsarin.

Riga da yawa daga cikin ta'addi na garambawul bayan mutuwar monarch aka soke, amma janar contours na tsarin ya ci gaba da zama har sai da 1917 da juyin juya halin da kuma zuwa ga ikon da Bolsheviks. Waɗannan, ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin anti-Katolika farfaganda sanya m amfani da siffar Bitrus I, suna yabon da yardar ransa zai biyaya da Orthodox jihar.