Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: biography, kerawa

A Rasha adabi, da sunan ake inextricably nasaba da Genre marinistiki. Shi ya zama kusan sananne tabbatarwa cewa Rasha art yana da biyu sun yarda da juna singer na teku abubuwa, daidai a cikin gwaninta: zanen - Ivan Aivazovsky, a wallafe-wallafen - Stanyukovich. Konstantin zo daga wani irin hereditary seamen. Zai ze, abin da kuma zai iya ya rubuta, ya samu nasarar fara aiki a matsayin sojan ruwa jami'in, a lokacin da ya ji wani craving ga wallafe-wallafen aikin? A halin yanzu, da babban batu, ya samu ba a lokaci daya.

dan Admiral

An haife shi a 1843 a cikin birnin, NUNA da sojan ruwa daukakar Rasha - a Sevastopol. Uba - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - yi aiki a matsayin soja mai mulki da kuma Kwamandan soja tashar jiragen ruwa na Sevastopol. "Munin, Admiral," kamar yadda ya kira shi daga baya dan-marubuci, dauke da mafi kyau marine sabis kasuwanci ga wani mutum, mai tsananin soja domin - mafi daidai hanyar shirya rai, dace da iyalansu. Zuriyar wani tsoho daraja Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian iyali Stankovichey, ya mallaki wani baƙin ƙarfe nufin da kuma karfi da hali. Marine harka shi ne wani tsoho iyali hadisin: ko da matarsa Lubov 'yar wani sojan ruwa jami'in.

Daular ya kamata a ci gaba - wannan ya tabbata Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin, wani tsohon yara m da sauri-witted yaro, ya zama a cikin wannan girmamawa da babban bege na mahaifinsa. Ya sanya shirye-shirye domin da farko samuwar dan, sa shi a matsayin mai jagoranci da kuma malami ne da ilimi, ya zo daga Petersburg kawo dukkan Ippolit Matveyevich Debu. Ya aka fitar da sabis a matsayin talakawa soja, bayan hidima links. Link ya madadin to kisa a yanayin saukan Petrashevists (1949) - da m da'irar matasa socialists jagorancin Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky inda aboki Debu a kan MUG ya F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu ba wahayi zuwa gare su da goma-shekara dalibi da ya tsattsauran ra'ayi, amma shuka a cikin shi da wani dandano for kyau wallafe-wallafe.

Lambar don tsaron na Sevastopol

A 1853 fara Crimean War, wanda ya zama wata alama ce da Rasha tara matsalolin zamantakewa dangantaka da m siyasa na autocracy, stifled fatan na ci-gaba yadudduka na mutane domin ya gyara, ana sa ran ko da bayan nasarar a cikin War of 1812. Sa'an nan wannan zai haifar a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi na 1860, wanda ba zai tsere rinjayar da Stanyukovich. Konstantin zai nuna juyayi tare da reformist ideas, amma a halin yanzu shi shekaru 11, da kuma ya Watches gabatowa Sevastopol Anglo-sojojin Faransa.

A lokacin da tsaro na birnin ne Constantine tare da mahaifinsa da kuma sau da yawa hidima a matsayin Courier kai magunguna a cikin miya tashar, da dai sauransu Shi ne da idanu da kallon heroism da kuma bala'i na Rasha matuƙan birni delivery, Mai gani ne ga almara shugabannin tsaro - .. Admirals Kornilov da Istomin. Lokacin da, bayan da fitarwa daga kewaye tushe na Black Sea jiragen ruwa a 1856, ya soja kurum marar a St. Petersburg Corps na Pages, ya isa can da lambar "A memory na Eastern War" da kuma "Ga kāriyar Sevastopol." Bisa ga request mahaifinsa, wanda mafarkansu na wani sojan ruwa aiki, da ɗansa, a 1857 ya zama ɗan jam'iyyar kadet Stanyukovich Marine Corps.

A karshen wani jami'in ta aiki

By farkon 1860s da ya riga ya kamu da sha'awar ga kalma halitta. A shekarar 1859, ya buga "Arewa Flower" mujallar da ta farko da littafin - waka "A ritaya soja." A shekara daga baya, tsakanin Konstantin kuma mahaifin karya da rikici, wanda qaddamar da sanyin cewa a cikin su dangantaka, wadda za ta kawo karshen bayan wasu lokaci cikakken hutu. Dan shelanta ya yanke shawara don canja wurin zuwa wani farar hula ma'aikata - University of St. Petersburg, to wanda sharply nuna adawa, Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin za a tilasta tafi a kan tafiya a kusa da duniya a kan Corvette "Kalevala", a cikin abin da matukan jirgin ya za a yaba a nema mahaifinsa a cikin kaka na 1860.

Tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na fatan a kan karfi teku iskõki shugaban dansa barrantar da daban-daban kaya, da kuma na sojan ruwa Stanyukovich daular zai ci gaba. Amma Constantine ta sa hannu a cikin shekaru uku circumnavigation - kawai hanyar samun sabon ilimi da kuma gogewa da ya rubuce-rubuce da aiki. Kuma shi ya riga ya fara: a cikin rare edition na "Maritime Collection" wallafa articles da makala Stanyukovicha midshipman, kuma a cikin kayayyakin lokaci ya tirelessly ya rubuta kwaikwayo abin da ya gani da kuma ji.

ritaya

A 1864, da midshipman Stanyukovich, watse mahaifinsa aiki adawa, sallame daga Navy. An fara wani sabon rai kuwa shi bã mai sauƙi ba. Ya fara aiki hadin gwiwa tare da daban-daban wallafe - "Voice", "Petersburg leaf", "Ƙararrawa", da dai sauransu The "Sea tarin" da aka buga labarin Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Amma nan da nan a aure Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, sa'an nan ta haifi na farko ya, kuma kafin matasa marubuci akwai matsala cancanci abu goyon bayan da iyali. Don yin wannan sau da yawa ya shiga sabis a cikin daban-daban sassan.

A m shirin Stanyukovicha search ci gaba ga style da kuma babban jigo. Duk da yake ya kwaikwayo na sojan ruwa da sabis, da aka buga a matsayin littafi a 1867 da ake kira "Daga circumnavigation", da aka gana da ban sha'awa, shi ne mafi kuma mafi imbued tare da sha'awar rubuta a kan zamantakewa da siyasa jigogi. Ya ji daga gaskiya da ra'ayoyi da cewa nuna masterminds samun more kuma mafi ƙarfi na neman sauyi motsi, musamman ta m reshe - populism. Daya lokaci ya yi aiki ko da kamar yadda wani malami a wani elemantare na wani kauye a cikin County na Murom.

Edita na mujallar "Delo"

A hankali cikin tẽku theme fades cikin bango. Daga 1872 Stanyukovich fara rayayye aiki a cikin "Business" mujallar, da kuma tun 1877 yana a cikin kowane guestroom wallafa articles da satires. Daga gare su, "Haruffa na mai daraja bako" da kuma "Images rayuwar al'umma" da cewa kawo daraja Stanyukovich wuya sukar Rasha rayuwa bayan sake fasalin na 1861. Hakazalika, batutuwa kishin litattafan "Whirlpool" da kuma " 'yan'uwa biyu", da aka buga a cikin farkon 80s.

A 1880 Stanyukovich zama co-edita na "Cases", da kuma bayan shekaru uku - da manyan edita. Ya riga yana da wani nauyi, kuma al'amari daga cikin magoya bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci ya gyara, da kuma na aikin hukuma da kuma 'yan sanda hukumomin bayyana a matsayin "anti-gwamnati hali tunanin".

The kama da gudun hijira

A farkon 80s da marubuci akai-akai je kasashen waje saboda rashin lafiya Babbansu ya. Akwai ya gana da wani rukuni na siyasa, sunã mãsu hijira daga Rasha, gami da mafi m reshe, wanda ya hada da Mutane - kai tsaye mahalarta da kuma shirya na kai harin kan shahararren tsarist jami'an - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Yana iya ba sun tafi kada a gane shi da 'yan sanda, musamman bayan da yunkurin Maris 1, 1881 Alexander II na, kuma a watan Afrilu 1884 Stanyukovich aka kama shi kuma sanya shi a cikin casemates na kagara. Haka ya faru a sama da marubuci daga kasashen waje, quite kwatsam, da iyali don wani lokaci ba su sani ba daga ya whereabouts. Ya fara wani dogon bincike, wanda ya ƙare ne kawai a shekara daga baya.

biyu haihuwa

A 1885, marubucin aika zuwa Siberia na shekaru uku a karkashin 'yan sanda kula da zauna a Tomsk. Ga kuma akwai wani real haihuwa na babban marubuci-seascape. Ya aiki tukuru, halittawa ne, kuma aiki ne da kwatancin Siberian rayuwa, amma babban jigo na littafan da gajejjeran labaru zama rai na matuƙan.

Akwai sanannen Masterpieces daga tarin "Sea Stories" :. "! Man Overboard," "A cikin dutse", "Tserewa", da dai sauransu Masu karatu, kuma m sukar lura cewa, litattafan Stanyukovicha m ba kawai marine romance ruhu, daidaito da kuma AMINCI a cikin mafi kananan sassa, amma kuma bil'adama, so da ãdalci, da hankali ga kowa mutum.

"Ba wai kawai ba ya jin yana rayuwa marine rayuwa"

Bayan ya dawo daga gudun hijira a 1888 Stanyukovicha bukata babban birnin m liyafar sa da laifin nasarar ta "teku labarai". Da tarin magana gaskiya ma da masu sana'a matuƙan, da kuma marubuta. Da farko kamar masterful nuni da wani wuya teku rayuwa, a karo na biyu - a fili da kuma fahimta harshe, abin mamaki sabon abu na mãkirci motsa. Irin labarun kamar yadda "Man overboard!" "Tsakanin abokai", "Mutuwa Hawk" et al., Aka lura ga daidaito na mutum hali, da gaskiyarsu da ayyuka a tsare ta haduwar rayuwa ta yanayi. Su ne real mutanen da suke ba da muhimmanci dogara a kan asalin ko ilimi.

Tabbatacce feedback game da labarai Stanyukovicha aka sanya shi a cikin littattafan da na daban-daban na siyasa ra'ayoyi. "Maxim", "American duel," "Gaskiya Rasha mutane" da kuma sauran ayyukan da ake gane ta da Slavophiles, ganin darajarsa gano a cikin su girman kai a cikin kyawawan ingancin Rasha matuƙan. Tausayi, ƙarfin hali kuma recklessness na dukan ranka ya fili kasa kafofin gare su. "Jack na Hearts", "A cikin ƙasashe masu nisa", a cewar wasu, dauke da tsawo na ruhu da cewa suna da duniya darajar. Common shi ne ra'ayi na ilimi da kuma ilimi darajar Stanyukovicha litattafan.

Legacy da kuma memory

A karshe shekaru na marubuci ta rayuwa da aka cika da wuya aikin, da mutunta abokan aiki, masu karatu soyayya, rashin lafiya da kuma asarar masõyansa. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, wanda biography ya zauna da nasaba, Rasha daga farko zuwa karshe numfashi ya kuma rasu a Naples a 1903.

Ya ba a dauke wani baiwa daga Rasha adabi matakin na Tolstoy, Dostoevsky da Chekhov, amma ba ya shiga cikin gindin ta ruwa iskõki Stanyukovicha litattafan, Rasha adabi na XIX karni dã sun yi hasara da yawa na kamu da bambancin. Kuma a cikin lokaci shi kamu da manya da yara, da labaru da kuma tãtsũniyõyin na babban marine fenta yin fina-finai, kuma a yau da suke kiran a teku na gaba seafarers.