Lehman Brothers: wani rabo labarin da wani sanannen banki auka

A tarihin {asar Amirka, akwai mutane da yawa kudi crises da kuma rushewar manyan kudi hukumomi, shafi tattalin arziki na wannan kasa. - банка, который до этого считался одним из мировых лидеров инвестиционного бизнеса и занимал в этой сфере четвёртое место в США. Daya daga cikin mafi yawan 'yan da gagarumin daga gare su ne fatarar na Lehman Brothers - banki, wanda har sai da aka dauki daya daga cikin shugabannin duniya da zuba jari da harkokin kasuwanci da kuma ya gudanar a wannan yanki a karo na hudu wuri a Amurka. Don ƙarin bayani game da tarihin da ya samu nasara da kuma fatarar za mu mayar da hankali a kan.

tushe

A 1844, Genrih Leman hijira daga Jamus zuwa Amurka. A nan, a wani karamin gari a Alabama, ya buɗe wani shagon a cikin abin da ciniki kayayyakin. Da abokan ciniki sun yafi gida fatake auduga. Abubuwa da aka faruwa sosai, don haka a nan gaba, matasa kasuwa ya tara isasshen kudi don taimaka motsa shi biyu, matasa, 'yan'uwa. Su taimake shi a cikin kasuwanci, da kuma su kamfanin ya riga ya kira Lehman Brothers. Sau da yawa, abokan ciniki sun kasance m biya su ƙãre samfurin. A daidai wannan lokaci, da samun da auduga, da 'yan'uwa understate da darajar, sa'an nan kuma sayar a kasuwa farashin, sunã tsirfatãwa guda samfurin sau biyu. A 1855, Genrih Leman mutu, bayan da kamfanin ya fara kai wa ɗan'uwansa Emanuel, wanda bayan shekaru uku, ya bude wani reshe a New York. A lokacin yakin basasa da m rayayye taimake kudancin jihohi. Bayan ta kammala kafa kasuwanci sadarwa sun taimaka wa 'yan'uwa don tsara samar da Alabama shaidu.

kayayyaki musayar

A shekara ta 1870, da New York Cotton Exchange aka kafa. Kai tsaye da hannu a harsashinsa dauki kamfanin Lehman Brothers. Tarihi na zuba jari banki, sunã tsirfatãwa shahararre riba, ya fara a kusa da wannan lokaci. A fanni na moriyar kamfanin a lokacin da shi a hada ba kawai auduga, amma kuma sauran kayayyakin da cewa samar da kudin shiga, kamar man fetur da kuma kofi. Kamfanin ya kuma kashe a Securities na kamfanonin da cewa suna kawai fara fita. Ya kamata a lura da cewa da yawa daga cikinsu ya zama a yau.

nasarar

A shekarar 1906, kamfanin da aka karkashin jagorancin Filipp Leman, a cikin abin da ba daya batu ga mafi girma a hukumomi da aka kafa da cewa sayar mabukaci kaya. Ɗansa, Robert a shekarar 1925 shi ne na karshe wakilin na daular Qing ya jagoranci ma'aikata. Samu ilimi a Yale, tare da wata yadda ya kamata-sa al'ummomi domin ayyukan taimake shi ba kawai ya cece Lehman Brothers daga rikicin a lokacin mawuyacin, amma kuma yin shi da daya daga cikin mafi girma a kudi cibiyoyin a kasar. A farkon da twenties na karshe karni, Bankin ya kashe a cikin jirgin sama masana'antu, rediyo, film, da kuma online shopping. A karkashin shugabanci na Robert Lehmann kamfanin tafi zuwa matakin qarshe na ci gaba da kuma ya zama daya daga cikin mafi tasiri a Amurka.

Abubuwan da ake bukata ga rikicin

A shekara ta 1969, da Robert Lehman mutu. Daga wannan lokacin a kan, gwagwarmayar neman ikon barke a Lehman Brothers. A shekarar 1975, Bankin ya zama na huɗu zuba jari kudi ma'aikata a kasar. Duk da wannan, a cikin farkon eighties na karni na ashirin, da yawa bankers murabus. Gaskiyar cewa ba su iya yin wani abu da punters, suka ƙara musu premiums da ikirarin. частью одной из своих дочерних организаций. A shekarar 1984, halin da ake ciki a ciki da banki ya yi amfani da American Express, wanda sanya bankin Lehman Brothers da wani ɓangare na daya daga cikin rassa. Shekaru goma daga baya, kamfanin ya canja da manufofin da ya kaddamar da aiwatar da jama'a sayar da hannun jari. Saboda haka, banki sake zama m, da kuma da kasuwar capitalization ya girma har zuwa fatarar.

hadarin

A farkon shekarar 2007, jita-jita, ya fara kewaya game da matsaloli na ma'aikata. Its dillalai sun fara nuna sabani OTC kwangila, ta wurin miƙa saya daga cikin sha'awa na nan gaba na jinginar gida shaidu ga jama'a. Sai ya zama mai m game. An cikakken barata, har da jinginar gida kasuwar wanda ya shahara. свои требования. Duk da haka, da zaran halin da ake ciki ya canza, da masu fara mu'ãmalar Lehman Brothers gabatar bukatunsu. A banki ya ba da nufin kuma da Securities saduwa da wajibai. A sakamakon haka, a farkon rabin shekarar 2008, kamfanin ya sanar da asarar amounted zuwa 2.8 biliyan daloli. Haka kuma, masu ba da bashi sun yi da'awar for diyya, wanda totaled 830 dala biliyan. Bada shawarwari don warware halin da ake ciki da nationalization bai sami goyon baya a cikin gwamnati. Saboda haka, jami'an bayyana cewa jihar ba ya nufin su biya domin kura-kuran da saman manajoji.

Satumba 15, 2008 da bankin management aika zuwa kotu domin amincewa ta fatarar. Liquid dukiya da kudi ma'aikata a Amurka, Turai da Gabas da aka saya Barclays da Nomura Holdings kamfanoni.