Literary Trend. Literary trends da igiyoyin

Literary Trend - wannan shi ne abin da yake sau da yawa gano tare da makaranta ko da wallafe-wallafen kungiyar. Shin wani rukuni na m mutane, su ne halin da software da kuma ado da hadin kai, kazalika da akida da m dangantaka. A wasu kalmomin, shi ne mai tabbataccen irin (kamar subgroup) wallafe-wallafen motsi. Tare da tunani, misali, zuwa Rasha romanticism, shi yana nufin da "m", "Falsafa" da "} ungiyoyin" igiyoyin. A Rasha wallafe-wallafen motsi malamai sun gano, "sociological" da "m" shugabanci.

classicism

Wannan shugabanci da kuma m style a art da kuma adabi a Turai farkon karni na 19th. Sunan zo daga Latin kalmar «classicus» - m.

Literary yayi na karni na 19th suna da nasu halaye:

1. [aukaka {ara zuwa ga siffofin da hotuna na zamanin d art da kuma adabi a matsayin wani ado misali, a wannan hasashe, sa a gaba da manufa na "kwaikwayo na yanayi", yana ambaton yarda da tsauraran sharudda da cewa an zabo su ne daga zamanin d ilmi.

2. ilmi akai na rationality manufa (daga Latin «rabo» na nufin m) kunã riyãwa ra'ayoyi kan m ayyukansu a matsayin wucin gadi halittar - da halitta da ganganci, tunanin mutuntaka shirya Azancin gina.

3. classicism a images babu mutum halaye, kamar yadda ake tsara da farko ya kama da Generic, barga, ƙarshe m alamun cewa bauta a matsayin embodiment na ruhaniya da yawa da kuma zamantakewa sojojin.

4. The zamantakewa da kuma ilimi da aiki na gwaninta. Kawo masu jituwa hali.

sentimentalism

Sentimentalism (a fassara daga Ingilishi yana nufin m "m") - domin adabi da wasannin fasaha na 18th karni a Turai. Haske rationalism shirya ta amfani da rikicin a cikin haske ne karshe mataki. M jerin baƙaƙe gabãta romanticism, da zan iya ba da shi wasu daga cikin siffofin.

Literary motsi, da wakoki na wannan lokacin yana da halaye:

1. sentimentalism tabbata mai aminci ga akida na normative hali.

2. Idan aka kwatanta da classicism da ilimi pathos core "dabi'ar mutum" da aka ayyana a cikin zuciyarmu, da kuma ji.

3. A yanayin samuwar cikakken mutum ba a dauke wani "m kasa da kasa reorganization", da kuma kyautata da kuma saki na "halitta ji".

4. Literary heroes sentimentalism mafi girma individualized: asalin (ko imani) su ne mulkin demokra] iyya, arziki ruhaniya duniya da na kowa mutane ne daya daga cikin nasarar da sentimentalism.

5. sentimentalism bai sani ba game da "m": da sabanin yanayi, m wani tunanin, sakamakon ana tsinkayarsu a matsayin samuwa dalilan fassarori.

romanticism

Wannan shi ne mafi shahararren wallafe-wallafen Trend a cikin adabi na Turai da Amirka da marigayi 18th - farkon karni na 19th. A wannan zamanin, na romantic tunani duk sabon abu, m, m, wanda ke samuwa ne kawai a littattafai.

Romantic adabi na karni na 19th a Rasha aka halin da:

1. Antiprosvetitelskoy shugabanci cewa proyavivlyalas har yanzu a pre-Romanticism da sentimentalism, kuma a Romanticism peaked. Zamantakewa da kuma akida preconditions za a iya kira a cizon yatsa a sakamakon juyin juya halin da kuma 'ya'yan itãcen al'umma gaba, zanga-zangar da na yau da kullum, banality da prosaic bourgeois rayuwa. A gaskiya na tarihi ne ba batun "dalilin", da irrationality, cikar asirai da kuma m, kuma da hankula duniya domin maƙiya a cikin mutum mutum da na halitta yanci.

2. A overall pessimistic shugabanci ne ra'ayin "Weltschmerz", "cosmic mummunan zato" (a matsayin misali, J. almara, heroes. Byron A. Vigny, da dai sauransu). Batutuwa 'm duniya da yake a cikin mugunta "An musamman vividly nuna a cikin" wasan kwaikwayo na rabo "ko" bala'i na rabo "(ETA Hoffmann, Poe).

3. Faith a cikin m ruhu mutum, a kira ga sabuntawa. Litkratory bude unknown wuya, da zurfin hali. Mutane a gare su - a takaice, kadan talikai. Saboda haka ya tafi absolutisation hali ya fara, falsafar individualism. Cibiyar na romantic ayyukansu ya kasance wani karfi, na kwarai da mutane, kamar yadda tsayayya wa jama'a, ta halin kirki da kuma da'a norms da kuma dokokin.

naturalism

Latin domin yanayi - da wallafe-wallafen yayi na Azurfa Age, wadda daga ƙarshe ta ci gaba a cikin Amurka da kuma Turai.

Features:

1. The so ga haƙiƙa, daidai da expressionless image na wani mutum hali da kuma gaskiyar cewa saboda da physiological yanayi da kuma yanayi, da za a gane a mafi yawan lokuta, a matsayin kai tsaye kudi da kuma m yanayi. Wannan bai hana zamantakewa da kuma tarihi dalilai. Babban aiki na naturalists - nazarin jama'a tare da guda cikar tare da naturalists nazarin yanayi, Kai ilimin kimiyya zama kamar.

2. All ayyukan art aka dauke a matsayin "mutum takardun", babban ado sharudda dauke da cikakken da kuma kammala da shi na fahimi ayyukan.

3. Literary watsi moralizing, dauka cewa hotunan da gaske quite ma'ana a kanta. Kuma suka yi zaton cewa adabi, kazalika da sciences, yana da wani hakki a cikin zabi na kayan, idan for ba da bai dāce da marubuta ko m batutuwa. Saboda wannan jama'a rashin tunani da kuma plotless sau da yawa ya bayyana a cikin ayyukan da lokaci.

hakikanci

Hakikanci aka kira art da kuma adabi a lokacin farkon karni na 20th. Yana daukan ta asalin a cikin Renaissance ( "Renaissance hakikanci"), kazalika da haske ( "Tafarkin Wayewar hakikanci"). Hakikanci alama karo na farko a cikin na da da kuma zamanin da almara, tsoho Legends.

Babban fasali na kwarara:

1. Artists dace da waje duniya a cikin wani iri daidai da jigon da mamaki na duniya.

2. A hakikanci adabi nuna wani ilmi nãwa na mutum da kuma kewaye al'umma.

3. Ilimi ne a yau tare da taimakon images, wanda aka halitta saboda buga da hujjojin da na gaskiya ( "a cikin hali da yanayi na hankula haruffa").

4. idon basira art hidima rai-tsantsan art, har ma a ban tausayi rikici. Wannan shi ne falsafar kafuwar - Gnosticism, yiwuwa a knowability da adequacy na gani na kewaye duniya, wanda shi ne daban-daban daga romanticism.

azurfa shekaru

Literary yayi na Azurfa Age yana da irin wannan fasali:

• zato akan wanzuwar biyu halittu (real kuma extramundane).
• ganewa Alamun a gaskiya;
• musamman look at cikin halitta diraya a matsayin matsakanci a cikin image na duniya da kuma ta fahimta;
• razrabatyvanie zvukopisi mai raba mai karɓa shayari;
• fahimtar duniya a kan wani ɓangare na mystification.
• bambancin da abun ciki (ambato, Misalin).
• Hunt addini form ( "addini ji free");
• ottritsaetsya da labarun almara.

Wallafe-wallafe na karni na 19th a Rasha

Asalin m ƙungiyoyi a Rasha ake dangantawa da zamantakewa da kuma akida yanayi na rayuwa na Rasha mutane - da kasa Yunƙurin bayan yakin duniya na farko. Yana shi ne farkon ba kawai yin, amma kuma da yanayi na musamman na kwatance na Decembrist kasida (misali, da yin umurni V. K. Kyuhelbeker, KF Ryleev AI Odoyevski), wanda aikin ya ba da rai ideas na aikin farar hula, Ribar tare da ruhun gwagwarmaya da volnolyubiya .

A halayyar alama na Romanticism a Rasha

A mafi muhimmanci al'amari ne mugun gudu up na ci gaban wallafe-wallafe a Rasha a farkon karni na 19th, wanda aka sa ta "crowding" da kuma hada daban-daban, saukarwa relive saukarwa a cikin wasu kasashe. Rasha romanticism tunawa predromanticheskie yayi tare da yayi na haske da kuma Classicism: shakku game da rawar da hankali a cikin sararin samaniya, da sadaukarwa na yanayi, ji na ƙwarai, elegiac melanholizm hade tare da classic ordering na nau'o'i da styles, m didacticism, kazalika da yaki da wuce haddi da misãli ga "masu jituwa daidaito" .

Akhmatova ga

Literary Akhmatova domin azahiri embellishing harshe, kawo biyu, zuwa wani Azancin sauti quite sauki da tunani (tun Acmeism kanta o ƙarin rabu da cunkoso cewa rinjãya a kan adabi da wadanda shekaru).

Lyrical heroine Akhmatova mafi mundane neman to shi ke hakikanin rai. Sunã zaton a daban-daban Categories. Su - mace dadin a soyayya, da suka ji cewa sun bude wani asiri na soyayya kamar irin wannan ba ya wanzu. Amma mafi kwanan nan, da heroine rayu tare da ruwan hoda da tabarau a kan idanunsa, duk a cikin ni'ima jãhilci. Suna kuma jiran alƙawura, tsoron rabuwa da masõyansa, ya rera waka "soyayya songs". Amma shi ya kan a wani lokacin. Own m ba gamsar da su. A ayoyi da zamewa line "tun kome alama rashin lafiya." Ko nagartaccen zane saƙonni suna sosai a fili. Kowace mace wadda ta fuskanci asarar soyayya, zai ji wannan hanya.

Mayakovsky

Poetry Rasha tsari, kazalika da wallafe-wallafen Trend Mayakovsky for biyu shekarun da suka gabata (har 1920) aka halin da musamman richness kuma bambancin: wadannan shekaru sun farkon na asalin da kuma samuwar mafi zamani da wallafe-wallafen da kungiyoyin da yayi, tare da su tarihi na ci gaba da nasaba flowering na kerawa shahara artists kalmomi. Just a lokacin da nuna of events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa aiki marubuci Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Yesenin

Yesenin san da adabi a wuya sau mata. A imperialist yaki, a cikin abin da Rasha da aka shiga tsakani, gano tsaga mafi gunaguni ƙwarai. Tsaga a cikin sahu na art aka shirya Rasha kawo dukkan a cikin past ƙarni biyu, tare da zurfafa na juyin juya halin a 1907. Literary for Esenina decadentist wakiltar wani asali shugabanci, ya karya tare da gargajiya adabi cewa lokaci m dan kasa, ta ayyukan da aka hada a karkashin pryzvami "yaki da m karshen." Har ila yau, tare da goyon bayan da yaki a Rasha su ne Dama SRs da Mensheviks, wanda ya babban tasiri na Rasha kawo dukkan da'irori. Ya goyon bayan yaki da kuma wani babban waƙen. A halin yanzu, da wallafe-wallafen yayi na Azurfa Age tare da tushe sun ɓãci. Masana da musamman Rasha zamantakewa dimokuradiyya ba zai taurara da matsayi na adabi da wasannin fasaha, don zuƙowa a ko matsar da canje-canje.

Rasha Acmeism

Literary Trend Acmeism ya dagagge sha'awa cikin kungiyoyin al'adu, shi ya shiga a cikin wani yi da baya wallafe-wallafen epochs. "Damuwa ta matsa ubyvshey duniya al'ada" - don haka O.E.Mandelshtam baya gano Acmeism. Moods da muradi "na m litattafan" da kuma al'adar Lermontov ta "baƙin ƙarfe ayar" a Gumilev. image na tsohon Rasha Wallafe-wallafe Dante da m litattafan a cikin Anna Akhmatova. Zenkevich ra'ayin na halitta falsafa. tsoho duniya Mandelstam. sufi da duniyar NV litattafan Gogol a Narbut GSSkovoroda - kuma wannan ba dukan jerin al'adu yadudduka cewa suna da cutar acmeists. Kowace daga Acmeists haka yana da m ainihi. Lokacin da N.S.Gumilev a cikin shayari saukar "karfi hali" da kuma aiki M.A.Kuzmina dormant halayyar acmeism aestheticism, da kerawa Anna Akhmatova da Yesenina ɓullo da wani progressively escalated da riga kunkuntar iyaka acmeism, a wadda ta rinjãya a idon basira farko da kuma m da muradi. Bude Acmeists a cikin art form har yanzu ana amfani da wasu zamani kasida.

Literary yayi na karni na 20th

Da farko, shi ne fuskantarwa zuwa classic, tsaoho kuma yau da kullum mythology. model na cyclic lokaci. mythological bricolage - ayyukan gina a matsayin reminiscence collages da sammaci na san qagaggun.

Literary A wannan lokacin, yana da 10 aka gyara:

1. Neomifologizm.

2. Autistizm.

3. A mafarki / gaskiya.

4. Fifiko style kan storyline.

5. The rubutu a cikin rubutu.

6. Halakar na mãkirci.

7. Pragmatics, ba ilimin harsuna.

8. The ginin kalma maimakon kalmomi.

9. Observer.

10. take hakkin da ka'idojin rubutu da sanya jituwa.