"Majdanek" natsuwa. Nazi taro sansanonin

A yakin duniya na biyu, amma a matsayin na farko, ya yi sanadin mutuwar kafa. Duk da haka, ba kawai ya kashe sojoji, jami'an, amma ba m mutanen da suka kawai bai dace da Aryan irin bayyanar, ga tsarkakuwa, wanda shine don haka-yi yaƙi Jamus fir'auna Adolf Gitler mai tanƙwasawa. A yawa na mutanen da suka mutu a cikin taro sansani a hannun m executioners. Daya daga cikin manyan sansanonin da ake kira "Majdanek" game da shi, kuma za a tattauna.

domin

Taro sansanin "Majdanek" da ke cikin Lublin unguwar a Poland. Yana samu da sunan daga Turkic kalmar "yanki" (Independence). A gaskiya, da gina wannan sansani ya fara da jerawa da Hitler, wanda ya ba da oda Genrihu Gimmleru, daya daga cikin manyan jami'an na uku Reich, kafa total kula kan gabashin yankuna kãma ta Jamus.

A wannan rana kuma, Yuli 17, 1941, Himmler an nada daya daga cikin 'yan sanda mashãwarta - Odilo Globocnik - alhakin samar da tsarin da SS da kuma maida hankali sansani a shagaltar da Poland. Bugu da kari, Globocnik da alhakin m Germanization na Poland. Tsakiya da gabashin ɓangare na shagaltar da ƙasa ya zama taro sansanin "Majdanek", dake kan karkata daga Lublin. Construction na hadaddun da aka za'ayi da fursunoni kansu.

Adari a kan yi

The hukuma umurnin a kan kafa sansanin da aka bai Yuli 20, 1941. Cewa wannan rana, Himmler umurce Globocnik sanar a lokacin da ya kai ziyara Lublin. Domin ya furta cewa, wajibi ne a kafa sansanin, wanda za su iya saukar da game 25-50 dubu mutane, wanda, bi da bi, za su zama aiki tare da gina gine-gine hukumomi SS da kuma Jamus 'yan sanda. A gaskiya, da yi na hadaddun aka wakkala a Hans Kammler, wanda aka gudanar da daya daga cikin manyan kasafin kudin management posts da kuma gina SS. Tuni a watan Satumba, ya ba da umurni a ci gaba da halittar taro sansanin, wanda zai iya saukar da akalla 5000 mutane. Duk da haka, wasu lokaci daga baya, a kusa da Kiev, shi aka kama da m yawan fursunonin yaki, da kuma Kammler canza umarnin da umarnin a 2 kurkuku sansanin - "Majdanek" da "Auschwitz", tsara don 50 mutane dubu kowane.

yi sansanonin

Da farko, da farko sansanin da aka gina a kan karkata Lublin, kusa da hurumi. Ba kowa son wannan tsari, da kuma} ungiyoyin hukuma fara zanga-zangar, bayan da Globocnik canjawa wuri shi zuwa wani yanki, game da 3 km daga birnin. Bayan haka, a nan ya zo na farko taro sansanin fursunonin.

fadada daga cikin ƙasa

A watan Nuwamba, Kammler umurni da fadada sansanin, da farko zuwa 125 dubu fursunoni, da kuma wata daya daga bisani - har zuwa 150. A 'yan watanni, da kuma wani yalwarta ya bai isa ba, don haka sai aka yanke shawarar maida da hadaddun. Yanzu da "Majdanek" ya kamata ya rike har zuwa 250 dubu Soviet fursunonin yaki, wanda lambar ne kullum girma. Duk da haka, Kammler lissafin tafi awry. Taro sansanin "Majdanek" sai aka kara wani 20 dubu mutane, da kuma bayan cewa ta yi aka dakatar. Halittar sabon bariki ya samu halartar game da dubu biyu Soviet fursunonin yaki, wanda goma sha biyar da ɗari aka kashe a watan Nuwamba dangane da mummunan aiki yanayin da kuma masauki. Wannan shi ne har yanzu da rai da ɗari biyar mutane, na wadda game da 30% da aka riga incapacitated. A watan Disamba, don gina shafin da aka shiga da ɗari da hamsin daga cikin Yahudawa, amma da zaran wannan shi ne wani annoba da typhus, da kuma wata daya daga bisani ta yi sanadiyar rayukan dukan waɗanda suka halarci a cikin shiri na zangon.

sansanin tsarin

Yankin sansanin da aka 95 kadada. Dukan ƙasa ne zuwa kashi biyar sassan, daya daga wanda shi musamman domin mata. A hadaddun kunshi yawa gine-gine, daga cikinsu akwai 227 nazarinsa da kuma ma'aikata samarwa, 22 barikin ga fursunonin yaki da kuma 2 administrative. Bugu da kari, da "Majdanek" ya goma rassan, misali, "Plaszow", "Trawniki" "Grubeshok" da sauransu. Fursunoni sansanin da aka tsunduma a samar da kayan da makamai masana'antu.

abõkan

Wannan taro sansani a Poland, bisa ga hukuma data, ya zama na wucin gadi tsara don 300,000 fursunonin yaki, wanda game da 40% sun Yahudawa, da kuma 35% - Dogayen sanda. Daga cikin sauran fursunoni sun mai yawa Rasha, Ukrainians da Belarusians. A kan ƙasa na wannan sansanin aka ya mugunta kashe game da 80 da mutane dubu uku bariki wanda sun kasance Yahũdãwa. A cewar wasu, a cikin "Majdanek" rayu rabin miliyan fursunoni da mutuwar mutane da ya kai 360.000 mutane.

By lokacin da kafa da maida hankali sansani ya yi rike game da 50,000 fursunoni, da kuma a 1942 iyãwarsa ya karu sau biyar. Ya yi goma rassan da kansa samar. Fursunoni hallaka, tun Afrilu 1942. "Igwa" mutuwa bauta gas "Cyclone B", wanda aka kuma yi amfani da "Auschwitz". Kuma a watan Satumba 1943, aka kaddamar da crematorium.

"Erntefest"

Game da sansanonin akwai wani sa na takardun shaida da takardu, amma ba za a iya nuna a kan takarda, da yadda m ya aiki "Erntefest", da aka gudanar a farkon Nuwamba 1943. Fassara daga Jamus kalma tana nufin "girbi festival", quite m, la'akari da abin da ya faru. Kamar biyu kwanaki 3 da 4 Nuwamba 'yan SS hallaka dukan Yahudawa da Lublin gundumar, da fursunoni a cikin taro sansanonin "Trawniki", "Concepts" da "Majdanek". A cewar daban-daban kafofin, in general, aka kashe daga 40 zuwa 43 da mutane dubu.

Shi ne mai m taro kisan kai. The fursunoni aka tilasta tono nasu ramuka, dake kusa da sansanin. Wata irin wannan rami tsawon kai mita 100, nisa 6 da kuma zurfin 3 mita. A safiyar Nuwamba 3 Yahudawa "Majdanek" kuma duk a nan kusa sansanonin kai ga wadannan ramuka. A fursunoni da aka raba kungiyoyin, da umarnin yi na ƙarya game da ramuka, don haka da cewa m fursuna sa kansa a baya na baya daya. Game da mutum ɗari da wakilan da Jamusanci SS kashe dukan Yahudawa da harbe a kai, wucewa tare da layuka. Duk da Nazi taro sansanonin aka yi amfani da mafi tsanani matakan da su fursunonin, amma wadannan yanke hukuncin kisa ne kawai tausayi. Saboda haka gawawwakin kansu a wuriyar dasu, daya bayan daya. A SS kisan kiyashin maimaita muddin dukan rami ya komai. A lokacin da harbi na music da ya buga ya nutsar da fitar da bindigogi. Sa'ad da dukan ramuka da aka cika da gawawwakin, an rufe shi da wani bakin ciki Layer na duniya, sa'an nan cremated.

kisan kai

Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa taro sansanin "Majdanek" ya kamata asali kawai rike Soviet POWs. Ko da yake shirin gaskiya shaida a cikin wannan version aikata ba. Mass kashe-kashen da suka fara a nan da shekara guda bayan yi, da kuma a 1943 wannan wuri ya zama da hukuma mutuwa sansanin. A nan, fãce ga aiki "Erntefest", yafi amfani da gas da bẽnãye. Domin guba farko amfani da carbon monoxide, kuma daga baya "Zyklon B".

sansanin 'yantar

A shekarar 1944, sojojin Soviet sun iya 'yantar "Majdanek". Natsuwa, photos na wanda sake nuna callousness na Waffen SS, nan da nan watsi da Jamusawa, wanda, ko da yake sun yi kokarin boye shaida na taro kisan kai, sami ikon gudanar da wani. Jamus ne a lokacin da a harabar, kokarin halaka crematorium, wanda shi ne scene na kashe dubban mutane, amma su ba su da lokacin da za a yi kamar yadda suke yi a da sauri bar wannan wuri. A lokacin rani na wannan shekara da Tarayyar Soviet ta sojojin sun iya 'yantar da yankin da kuma da dama sauran mutuwa sansanonin, kamar "Treblinka", "Sobibor" da "Belzec" wanda aka wargaza rundunar a 1943.

ƙarshe

A da ginshikin, da Nazi sansanonin ne ba daban-daban. Duk da na'urar saba wa humanism kuma da ra'ayin cewa duk mutane ne daidai. Akwai ba zai iya zama wani "amma". A kalla ga wani matsala da za a iya kyan gani, daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, amma wargajewa dubban mutane ba za a iya kubutar da wani abu, ko da cewa shi ne a yaki. Taro sansanin - wani sabon abu da bai wanzu ba kawai domin shi ne don haka dole ta uku Reich, Hitler ba wannan mutum ya gudu zuwa cikin gas jam'iyya, a cikin abin da suka shiga cikin soja, m sojoji. Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa likes this halin da ake ciki, wasu sun da shi, amma ba su da zabi, suka yi ya zama m to su ba dan kaso m. A mafi m daga gare su, ko da kokarin taimaka wa fursunoni, amma shi ne musamman rauni gaskata don ayyukansu. Duk da haka, game da wani high-ranking memba na SS, kuma ba za mu iya ce cewa, saboda sun gangan aika zuwa ga mutuwa na dubbai na wani barrantacce da mutane, tsakanin wanda aka mata da kuma yara.