Ancient mutane a cikin ƙasa na zamani Rasha: tebur. Peoples da kuma zamanin da jihohin a kan ƙasa na Rasha

Ancient mutane sun bayyana a Rasha daga a tarihi mai nisa. Around 700.000 shekaru da suka wuce, da farko ya daidaita a kan ta kudancin yankunan - a kan bankunan na da Kuban River da kuma Arewa Caucasus. A sauyin yanayi a nan ya taushi, yanayi - arziki a shuka da dabbobi abinci, don haka da tsoho mutane ba sa musamman kokarin for samun da shi, da kuma pocketed kyautai.

kankara shekaru

Ancient mutane a Rasha daya zai yi rai ba, saboda akwai da yawa daga hatsarori, don haka suka fara shiga a cikin ƙungiyar, da ake kira m adam garke. Tare cirewa abinci, ana kare da yara da kuma kiyaye wuta. Amma game da 80,000 da suka wuce, rai yanayi sun deteriorated sharply. Garin kankara sanyi pinned arewacin yankunan mu nahiyar. Daga cikin gleiser aka aza iyakar m tundra, kudu da guda, dama saukar zuwa Black Sea - mai sanyi steppe. Maye gurbinsu da mazaunan maimakon zafi-m dabbobi sun woolly, kamar mammoths, karkanda, bison, da dawakai, reindeer.

Mutumin yana da wuya lokaci, amma da ya saba. Ya main aiki a yanzu aka tsãwace farauta. dumama wajibi ne don yin tsoho mutum ba ne kawai don ci gaba da wuta, amma osvoaivat hikima ta samar. A hankali, suna zaune a arewa, duk da wuya rai yanayi. Kiliya tsoho mutumin gano a cikin ƙasa na Ukraine, a tsakiya da kuma Lower Volga.

Sai mutum garke maye gurbin tribal al'umma, ha jini dangi. Da dama daga cikin wadannan al'ummomi suka kafa wata kabila. Canza yanayin rayuwa, tare da su kuma surar mutum. Modern look shi ya dauki game da 40 shekara dubu da suka wuce.

Agriculture, da shanu kiwo

Saboda gaskiya cewa kankara shekaru zo ga ƙarshe game 12-14 shekara dubu da suka wuce, da yawa manyan dabbobi ya zama dadaddun, don haka farauta da taro iya ba ciyar da mutane. Kaddamar sabon rayuwar. Tara santsi mika mulki a noma a kudu, game da 5-6 shekara dubu da suka wuce. A a layi daya, da aiwatar da sauyin a farauta shanu. Ancient mutumin kiwo a gida da kare, da doki, wani alade, a goat. Dole kayayyakin yanzu ana samar, da kuma ba za a sanya.

Ana zargin yan sana'a

A hankali koya wa juya, kuna saƙa da dinka tufafi, gasa lãka kuma sa jita-jita na zamanin d mutane na tukwane. Land arewa tafi koyi yin amfani da sabon ci gaba a fagen motocin. Sledding, gudun kuma boating duk tafiya da kuma tafiya har sai da suka isa gaba da Baltic da kuma Arctic Ocean.

A kayan al'adu na zamanin d mutane zuwa na gaba matakin dangane da saye da basira domin aiki karafa. Amfani da karfe kayan aikin Ƙasar ta zama mafi yarda. A samar da karfe kayayyakin hannun jari faruwa surpluses wanda aka yi musayar tsakanin kabilu. Processing baƙin ƙarfe da sauran kayan bukata babban fasaha da kuma kwarewa, don haka akwai mutane da hannu a wani musamman craft. Sana'a babban amfani, sun samar da kayayyakin aiki, da kuma daban-daban kayayyakin.

Kabilun zuwa farkon wani sabon zamanin

Ancient mutane a cikin ƙasa na zamani Rasha (Table №1, №2), bisa ga bincike da masana tarihi da kuma masana ilimin harsuna, gida yawa kabila. A Turai na da Finnish kabilan nan da sannu oslavyanilis da kuma taka leda a muhimman hakkokin rawa wajen ci gaban na Rasha yawan jama'a. Yau, a yankin na Middle Yenisei akwai kawai 'yan dari Kets da Kolyma - Yukagirs.

Arewa Caucasus tsoho mutane a kan ƙasa na zamani Rasha (Table №2) sun ƙware daya daga cikin na farko, da kuma bisa ga masana kimiyya, lokacin da lokacin da akwai na kawai addini. Kiristanci na farko baza, amma shi ne ƙwace da Musulunci a kan lokaci.

Maguzanci ne daidaitaccen da wani sabon addini, kuma a wannan zamanin. Arewa Caucasus, da ƙananan kai na cikin Don da Volga, tare da kudancin gefen Siberia da kuma Altai - a ƙasa na zamanin d nomadic kabilu na Scythians, da Sarmatians, Caucasus da kuma Don - tsara Alans rayu gabashin Saki. A tsakiyar zamanai blended da Polovtsy. A lokacin da mamayewa na Batu Khan na cikin zuriyar Alans ya bace a cikin duwatsu, haka tsira - magabatan zamani Ossetians.

Ina da tsoho mutane a kan ƙasa na zamani Rasha rayu? Table №1 shi nuna.

Hakika, yana da ba duk da haihuwa mutane a cikin ƙasa na zamani Rasha. Table №2 ci gaba farko.

Bosporus Jihar

Tare da ci gaba na kayan aiki, iyalai da yawa sun iya noma da kansa, don haka tribal dangantaka aka raunanar. Generic al'umma maye gurbin maƙwabcinsa (yankin). Mutane zo tare a kan tushen da zama a wannan yanki. Jĩkõki da kusa tattalin arziki suna da ha in jama'ar kabilunsu. A shugaban su zama shugabanni. Wadannan canje-canje ne domin Lalacewar m da zamantakewa tsarin, da kuma fitowan da sabon ƙungiya siffofin - jihar.

A farko jihohin fito a kudancin Rasha. Greek navigators a 7-6 ƙarni BC. e. Sun kafa birnin jihar a kan tekun na Black Sea (gabas da arewa). Cities kusa da Kerch mashigar a 5th karni BC aka sõyayya a Mulkin Bosporus, wanda ya zama mafi arziki jihar na arewacin Black Sea Coast.

Scythian mulki

Makwabta, Helenawa sun Iran-magana kabilu, tare ake magana a kai Scythians. Scythian kabilu suka rabu shanu yawonta da noma da suke zama a gida. Land na Scythians aka so da yawa nasara, don haka ya kasance daidai da tasiri kabilu sõyayya. A shugaban ƙungiyar tashi da karfi shugaban da ya yi kira a kansa sarki. Kamar wancan ne wani sabon jihar - Scythian mulkin.

A 4th karni BC Yana miƙa daga Danube da Crimean matakan. A karni 3rd BC. e. Northern Black Sea jihohin da aka hõre da mamayewa na nomadic kabilu kamar Sarmatians, Goths, Huns. Hun hari a 4th karni shafe na farko a jihar a cikin ƙasa ƙasa na Arewa Black Sea.