Wanda gano Afrika da kuma a cikin abin da shekara

A cikin tambaya na wanda gano Afrika da kuma a cikin abin da shekara, ba zai iya bayar da wani tabbataccen amsar. A arewacin tekun na Black nahiyar da aka kyau da aka sani da Turawa har da baya kamar yadda zamanin da. Libya da kuma Misira kasance wani ɓangare na Roman Empire.

A binciken yankunan a yankin Yammacin Saharar Afrika, da aka kaddamar a cikin Portuguese Age na Discovery. Duk da haka, da ciki yankuna na nahiyar Afirka zauna unexplored har cikin tsakiyar XIX karni.

tsufa

A Phoenicians kafa a Rum yankin a yawan biranen-mazauna, cikin shahararrun daga abin da yake Carthage. A da mutane na 'yan kasuwa da seafarers. Around 600 BC da Phoenicians dauki a kan da dama jiragen ruwa tafiya a kusa da Afirka. Suka shiga jirgin ruwa daga Bahar Maliya a Misira, gangarawa kudu tare da bakin tekun, taso keya nahiyar, ya juya arewa, a karshe fadi zuwa cikin Bahar Rum da kuma 'yan qasar ƙasashe koma. Saboda haka, na farko don gane Afirka, za a iya daukan zamanin d Phoenicians.

The balaguro na Hanno

Kiyaye tsoho tushen kwatanta tafiya zuwa tekun na Senegal Phoenicians a kusa da 500 BC. The shugaban na balaguro ne navigator na Carthage. Wannan shi ne farkon da aka sani da tarihin da wani matafiyi daga waɗanda suka gano Afrika. Wannan mutumin sunansa Gannon.

Its rundunar 60 jiragen ruwa ya zo daga Carthage, haƙĩƙa, sun shige ta mashigar Gibraltar da koma tare da kasar Morocco Coast. Akwai Phoenicians kafa da dama mazauna, da kuma koma kan. Modern masana tarihi sun yarda da cewa Gannon kai, akalla zuwa Senegal. Zai yiwu matsananci batu na balaguro zama Kamaru ko Gabon.

Arab kamfen

By da XIII karni AD, Arewacin Afrika da aka ci nasarar da Musulmi. Sa'an nan suka koma kan. A gabas, tare da Nile zuwa Nubia, a yamma - fadin Sahara zuwa Mauritania. M bayani game da abin da shekara bude Larabawa Afirka, ba a kiyaye su. An yi imani da cewa yaduwar addinin Musulunci a cikin baki yawan jama'a na nahiyar da ya faru a IX-XIV ƙarni.

Farkon Portuguese expeditions

Turawa da sha'awar a cikin baki nahiyar a cikin XV karni. Portuguese kwafi Enrike (Heinrich), da ake kira Navigator, tsare bincika cikin tekun na Afirka a search na wani teku hanya zuwa India. A 1420, da Portuguese kafa wani shiri a tsibirin Madeira, da kuma a 1431 ya ayyana da karkararta Azores. Wadannan wurare sun zama reference maki ga nan gaba expeditions.

A 1455 da kuma 1456 biyu masu bincike Alvise Cadamosto daga Venice da USUS di Mare Genoa jirãge isa bakin Gambia da kuma tekun na Senegal. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani Italian Explorer Antonio De Noli gano tsibirin na Cape Verde. Ya baya ya zama ta farko gwamnan. Duk wadannan matafiya, wanda ya buɗe wa Turawa zuwa Afirka, sun kasance a cikin sabis na Portuguese prince Enrique. Shirya su balaguro gano Senegal, Gambia da kuma Guinea.

kara nazarin

Amma bayan mutuwar Henry da Navigator, da Portuguese expeditions tare da tekun Afrika ci gaba. A 1471 Fernan Gomes bude ƙasar da Ghana ta arziki da zinariya. A 1482 Diogo Kahn samu bakin babban kogin, da kuma koya game da wanzuwar mulki babba na Congo. Portuguese kafa a yammacin Afrika da dama masu garu mata kagarai. Sun sayar da gida shugabanni na alkama da kuma zane a musayar zinariya da kuma bayi.

Amma da search for hanyar zuwa Indiya don ci gaba. A 1488, Bartolomeu Dias kai kudancin batu na nahiyar Afirka. Ta aka mai suna a Cape of Good Hope. Lokacin da aka tambaye game wanda kuma a lokacin da ya bude Afirka, sau da yawa da a tuna da wannan taron.

A karshe, Vasco da Gama, da barin baya da Cape of Good Hope, ya tafi gaba da a 1498 ya kai Indiya. Tare hanyar da ya gano Mozambique da Mombasa, inda ya samu burbushi na kasar Sin 'yan kasuwa.

Dutch mulkin mallaka

Tun da XVII karni, Dutch kuma fara shiga cikin Afirka. Sun kafa da West India da kuma Gabas India Company zuwa mallakeku ƙasashe kasashen waje, da kuma da suke bukata na tsaka-tsaki mashigai tafiya zuwa Asia. A Portuguese kokarin dakatar da burinsu na Netherlands. Suna da'awar cewa wani ya buɗe Afirka ta farko, kuma daya kamata mallaka a nahiyar. War ya biyo baya tsakanin jihohi, a cikin abin da Dutch gudanar ya sami wani qafafunku a nahiyar.

A 1652 Jan van Riebeeck kafa birnin Cape Town, wanda shi ne na farkon da mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu.

A burinsu na sauran kasashen Turai

Bugu da kari ga Portuguese da Dutch, wasu jihohin kuma nemi kafa mallaka a nahiyar. Dukan su zuwa wasu har za a iya kira da waɗanda suka gano Afrika, saboda da yankin Yammacin Saharar Afrika sun a cewa lokaci gaba daya unexplored, da kuma kowane balaguro sanya sabon binciken.

Tuni a 1530 Birtaniya 'yan kasuwa suka fara kasuwanci a yammacin Afrika, zuwa cikin rikici da Portuguese sojojin. A 1581 Frensis Dreyk kai Cape of Good Hope. A 1663, Birtaniya gina Fort James a Gambia.

Faransa na da ido a kan Madagascar. A 1642 Faransa Gabas India Company kafa wani shiri a kudancin kira Fort Dauphin. Eten De flacourtia wallafa wani tarihin game da lokaci a Madagascar, wanda na dogon lokaci aiki a matsayin babban tushen bayanai game da tsibirin.

A 1657 da Swedish yan kasuwa kafa shiri na Cape Coast a kasar Ghana, amma aka zarar fitar da Danes, wanda ya kafa Fort Christiansborg kusa ba-rana Accra.

A 1677, da Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm na aika wani balaguro zuwa gabar yammacin Afrika. Kwamandan na balaguro, Captain Blonk gina wani shiri kira Gross Fridrihburg da kuma mayar da wani watsi da Portuguese Fort na Arguin. Amma a 1720, sarki ya yanke shawarar sayar da tushe da Netherlands for 7000 ducats.

Nazarin na XIX karni

A XVII-XVIII ƙarni, dukan tekun na Afirka da aka fairly da karatu. Amma a cikin ƙasa na nahiyar ga mafi part zauna a "farin tabo". Waɗanda suka yi gano Afrika, sun m cire riba maimakon kimiyya da bincike. Amma ta tsakiya na XIX karni da kuma m yankunan sun kasance batun amfani da Turawa. A 1848 aka bude Dutsen Kilimanjaro, a saman wanda aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. A sabon abu yanayi na Afirka, a baya ba a sani ba jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke sun janyo hankalin Turai masana kimiyya.

Katolika da Furotesta da mishaneri kuma nemi su shiga zurfi a cikin nahiyar wa'azi Kiristanci daga waɗanda ba a sani ba tare da kabilu.

David Livingstone

A farkon karni XIX Turawa san sosai inda ne Afirka. Amma sosai talauci gane cewa shi ne a cikin. Daya daga cikin mutanen da suka gano Afrika daga wani m kwata, ya mai Scottish mishan David Livingstone. Ya sanya abokai da na gida da kuma yawan karo na farko ziyarci mafi m yankuna na nahiyar.

A 1849 Livingstone ketare Kalahari Desert kuma sadu a can baya ba a sani ba zuwa ga Turawa daji kabilar. A 1855, yayin da tafiya tare da Zambezi River , ya buɗe wani mai ban mamaki kyakkyawa da waterfall, wanda ya yanke shawarar ba da sunan Birtaniya Sarauniya Victoria. Back a Birtaniya, Livingstone wallafa wani littafin game da balaguro, wanda ya sa unprecedented amfani da suka tafi a kan sayar da 70,000 kofe.

A 1858, bincike ya koma zuwa Afirka. Ya yi karatu a daki-daki Lake Nyasa da kewaye yankin. na biyu littafi da aka rubuta ta hanyar karshen tafiya. Bayan da cewa Livingstone gudanar da uku da kuma karshe balaguro. Its nufin ya sami tushen na Nile. Livingstone bincika da yankin Great Lakes. Madogararsa na Nile, ba ya iya samun shi, amma tsara da yawa a baya ba a sani ba ƙasa.

Livingston ya ba kawai an yi fice a bincike amma kuma mai girma humanist. Ya yi tsayayya da bauta da kuma nuna wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci.

Saboda haka wanda ya gano Afrika?

The kawai daidai amsar wannan tambaya ba ya wanzu. Ba shi yiwuwa a ce domin tabbatar wanda gano Afrika da kuma a cikin abin da shekara. Kuma ba kawai saboda abin da arewacin wannan nahiyar da aka sani ga mutane na Turai tun a tarihi mai nisa. Amma kuma saboda Afirka - mahaifar mutum. Yana ba a bude. Yana Afrika da aka ganowa sauran nahiyoyi, ya zaunar da su.