Mughals. cana Empire

India - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a kasashen duniya, da ciwon musamman da al'adu da kuma ban sha'awa tarihi. A musamman, to wannan rana masu bincike ne tambaya na yadda dan Sarkin Ferghana, Babur, aka bar ba tare da wani uba a shekaru 12 na shekaru, ba kawai ba su zama a azabtar da siyasa rikici da ya rasu, amma kuma tsinkãyi India da kuma halitta daya daga cikin manyan Asian dauloli .

prehistory

Kafin cikin abin da yake a yanzu Indiya da kuma wasu makwabtan jihohin m cana Empire da aka kafa, kasar da aka rarrabu cikin kananan mulkoki. Suna kullum hõre hare-hare da makwabta-makiyaya. A musamman, a cikin 5th karni a kan ƙasa na Gupta jihar bautar da arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na India da kuma m zuwa ƙasar arewa, da kabilu na Huns tsinkãyi. Ko da yake a 528-th shekara suka fitar da su, bayan da suka bar a Indiya ya zauna da jiha mafi girma tsarin. A karni daga baya, da dama kananan mulkoki sõyayya a karkashin jagorancin basu baye da kuma hangen nesa, m Harsha, duk da haka, bayan mutuwarsa, wani sabon daular rududdugaggu, kuma a cikin 11th karni a kan ƙasa na Hindustan infiltrated Musulmi karkashin jagorancin Mahmud na Ghazni da kuma kafa Delhi Sultanate. A lokacin da 13th karni, wannan jiha iya tsayayya da mamayewa na mangolawa, amma ta karshen 14th shi fadi baya a sakamakon mamayewa na dubban rundunar 'Timur. Duk da wannan, da most sarauta Delhi Sultanate dade har 1526, da shekara. Su nasara, ya zama cana jagorancin Babur - Timurid da suka zo India tare da wata babbar kasa da kasa sojojin. Sojojinsa a lokacin da aka karfi a yankin, da kuma dakarun na India Raja iya hana shi ya ci India.

biography na Babur

A farko Great Mogul na Indiya da aka haife shi a 1483, shekarar da a cikin ƙasa na zamani Uzbekistan, a cikin shahararrun kasuwanci birnin Andijan. Mahaifinsa ya hada da Sarkin Fergana, wanda shi ne babban-jikan Tamerlane da mahaifiyarsa zo daga wani irin Genghis. Lokacin da Babnuru ne kawai shekaru 12 da haihuwa, ya aka bar wani maraya, amma bayan shekaru 2 da shi ya gudanar ya kama Samarkand. A general, da masu bincike biography na kafa na cana Empire, nuna farkon yara ne m bin ikon, har ma sai ya yaba mafarki ya zama shugaban babbar jiha. Kawasaki bayan na farko nasara dade ba, da kuma bayan 4 watanni na Babur aka kore shi daga Samarkand Sheibani Khan, wanda ya girmi shi sau uku. Gogaggen dan siyasa a kan shi ya ba ya kwanta daga barin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa matasa Timurid aka tilasta musu gudu tare da sojojin Afghanistan. Akwai arziki murmushi a saurayi, da kuma ya yi nasara Kabul. Amma fushi a kan cewa ya fiefdom - Samarkand dokoki sun zo Uzbek m, ya ba shi hutawa ba, kuma ya sanya maimaita yunkurin komawa zuwa wannan birni. Su duka ya ƙare a faduwa, da kuma, da sanin cewa babu wani juya da baya, Babur yanke shawarar ci India da kuma kafa wani sabon jihar.

Kamar yadda cana jihar da aka kafa

A 1519, da shekara Babur jagoranci wani balaguro zuwa Arewa maso yammacin India, da kuma 7 shekaru daga baya ya yanke shawarar kama Delhi. Bugu da kari, ya ci Rajput yarima da kuma kafa jihar tare da cibiyar a Agra. Saboda haka, ta 1529, da shekara tara da Eastern Empire hada da yankin Afghanistan, da Punjab da ganges kwarin saukar zuwa iyakar Bengal.

mutuwa na Babur

Mutuwa ta riske kafa na cana Empire a 1530. Bayan Accession zuwa kursiyin Hamayuna, cana Empire a Indiya dade har 1539, shekarar da Pashtun kwamandan Sher Shah fitar da shi daga kasar. Duk da haka, shekaru 16 baya Mughals sun iya sake samu dũkiyõyinsu da komawa zuwa Delhi. Foreseeing ya sananne rasuwar, shugaba raba daular tsakanin maza hudu, nada shugaba na su Hamayuna abin da ya kamata sarrafa Hindustani. Uku wasu Babur samu zuwa Kandahar, Kabul, kuma Punjab, amma suka zamar masa dole ya yi biyayya da yayana.

Akbar mai girma

A 1542, da shekara a Hamayuna ɗa. Ya aka mai suna Akbar, da kuma cewa wannan jikan Babur ya yi wani daular kafa ta Mughals, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin misali na jihar, inda babu addini da kuma na kasa da nuna bambanci. Ya hau gadon sarautar, kusan daidai da farkon shekaru, kamar kakansa, kuma kusan shekaru 20 na rayuwar ciyar a cikin danniya na tarzoma da kuma karfafa tsakiyar iko. A sakamakon haka, a 1574, da shekara tara da aka kammala da samuwar guda jihar tare da bayyana tsarin na gida shugabanci da kuma haraji tarin. Ya ne musamman na fasaha mutum, Akbar Mai girma ware ƙasa da kudi da gina ba kawai masallatai, amma kuma Hindu haikalin da kuma Kirista majami'u, wanda mishaneri da aka yarda su bude a Goa.

Jahangir

A gaba mai mulkin daular na uku, dan Akbar Great - Selim. Hau gadon sarautar bayan rasuwar tsohonsa, ya yi umurni da kiran kansu Jahangir, wanda fassara nufin "nasara na duniya." Shi ne mai gajeren-gani m wanda da farko, in warware doka a kan addini haƙuri fiye da rabu da 'yan Hindu da mutane na sauran kabilu da suke ba Musulmi. Saboda haka, Mughals daina ji dadin da goyon bayan da yawan jama'a a yankunan da yawa, kuma an tilasta a sau to kashe da tawaye da su henchmen-Raja.

Shah Jahan

A karshe shekaru sarautar Jahangir, wanda ya zama wani shan tabar wiwi zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, sun kasance m lokacin da daular, kafa ta Mughals. Gaskiyar cewa a fādar gwagwarmayar iko a cikin gudummawar da babban matar sultan da sunan Nur Jahan. A wannan lokacin, da na uku, ɗan Jahangir, wanda aka aure su da 'yar da ya uwar rana, ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi amfani da halin da ake ciki da kuma sanya da shela da kansa a matsayin magaji da za a kewaye mazan' yan'uwansa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya zo a kan karaga, kuma mulki 31 shekaru. A wannan lokaci da babban birnin kasar na Mughals - Agra ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau birane a Asiya. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi ne wanda ya yanke shawarar, a 1648, shekarar da yin hedkwatar kasa Delhi, da Red Fort gina a can. Saboda haka, ya zama birnin na biyu babban birnin kasar na daular, kuma shi ne akwai a 1858, shekarar Birtaniya sojojin da aka kama na karshe Great Mogul, tare da mafi kusantar dangi. Kamar wancan ƙare labarin wani daular cewa ya bar wata babbar al'adunmu.

A babban birnin kasar na cana

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, babban birni na daular a 1528, shekarar da Babur sanya Agra. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin na Asiya, kamar yadda akwai da yawa Monuments na gine na cana lokaci. A musamman, duk aka sani ga sanannen Taj Mahal, gina ta Shah Jahan ga ya ƙaunataccen matarsa. Wannan musamman gini an dauki daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya da kuma rinjayar da kamala da kuma ƙawa.

Quite wani rabo Delhi ya ci gaba. A 1911, ya zama mazaunin Halĩfa na Indiya, da kuma can daga Calcutta koma duk da babban sassan na mulkin mallaka gwamnatin Birtaniya. A na gaba shekaru 36 da birnin ya ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma akwai wurare na Turai yi. A musamman, a shekarar 1931 da bude sabon gundumar na New Delhi, gaba ɗaya tsara ta Birtaniya. A shekarar 1947, ya aka zayyana babban birnin na m Jamhuriyar India , ya zauna, don haka har wa yau.

Cana Empire dade daga farkon rabin na 16th zuwa karni na shekara 1858, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rabo na mutanen India.