Catherine Shege 'Ya'yan 2. Catherine 2

Catherine II, tabbas daya daga cikin mafi zababbun a cikin tarihi na Rasha jihar. Game da ta fi so lover kuma na sirri rayuwa shi ne har yanzu almara. A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin warware wanda shi ne ɗan wani jami'in Catherine 2, da kuma wanda yake an shege yaro.

Musamman ma bayan mutuwar empress, suka sa in touch. Su wane ne waɗannan mutane? Karanta a da za ka koya.

Personal rai na Empress

Saboda All-Russian Empress ya quite m, kuma m mace, shi za a iya zaci cewa a cikin kabad ta da isasshen "skeletons."

An yi imani da cewa kawai na aikin dan Catherine 2 - Paul. Wane ne uban wani shege yaro, za mu bayyana daga baya, a lokacin da muka yi magana game da Alexei Bobrinsk.

Saboda haka Sophia na Anhalt-Tserbskaya, bayan ya dauka da sunan Orthodox Catherine, wanda ya bayyana a Rasha. Uwar nan gaba Sarkin sarakuna Peter III, Elizaveta Petrovna, ya zaɓi amarya wa ɗansa, kuma a sakamakon ya tsaya a kan takarar na Prussian gimbiya.

A isowa a wani sabon kasar yarinya tsanani tsunduma a nazarin wani sabon al'ada ga kaina. Ta daidai Masters da Rasha harshen zama da Orthodox bangaskiya. Duk abin zai zama lafiya, amma ba nan gaba sarki ya ga Catherine ba wata 'yar alamar juyayi. Da ya gan ta kawai a matsayin tilasta appendage, a perennial shuka tare da mistresses.

Saboda irin wannan "iyali farin ciki" Princess zama sha'awar farauta, masquerades, rubutu da Turai masana falsafa da kuma encyclopedists. A kan lokaci, da kuma ta bayyana sirri fi so.

Na musamman sha'awa ne na aikin dan Catherine 2. Don da yawa shekaru da Empress ba zai iya samun ciki daga mijinta. Nan da wani yãro ne haife. More cikakken bayani game da wannan halin da ake ciki da za a tattauna daga baya.

Saboda ta gaza aure, da kuma bayan nasara fada juyin mulki Empress ya iya aiwatar da sadaukar da "free soyayya." Kuna hukunta daga data, wanda results a cikin daya daga cikin mafi kyau na ta Malaman tarihi, Bartenev, Catherine II a lokacin rayuwa da aka ashirin da uku lover.

Daga cikin su an ambaci irin statesmen kamar yadda Potemkin da Orlov, Saltykov da Vasilchikov, Lansky da Zorich. Abin lura, kawai Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin ya zama kusan wata unofficial mijinta. Ko da yake an ba a sanya jama'a, amma suna da wani m bikin aure, Catherine kira da kuma har karshen rayuwa a cikin rubutu da kuma tsarin sautinsu da mata da kuma kansa matarsa. Suna da wani 'yarsa, Elizaveta Grigorevna Temkina.

Saboda haka, Empress ya sosai m da arziki na sirri rayuwa. A mafi yawan iko a cikin jama'a ma'anar akwai biyu kawai daga ta lover - Orlov da Potemkin. Duk da wadannan, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kafin su zama cikin favorites na Catherine, sun kasance a wani wuri na adjutant Grigory.

A Empress ya yi da dama yara, amma duk da 'ya'yan da ta haifa biyu. Shi ne game da su, kuma za a tattauna kara.

The hukuma ta dan

A kan gadon sarautar Empress nasara ne kawai na aikin dan Catherine kuma 2 Bitrus 3. sunansa ya Paul na Petrovich.

Ya kasance mai sosai maraba jikan zuwa kakarsa, Elizabeth. The wuya daga cikin halin da ake ciki a kotu shi ne cewa shekaru goma bayan da aure, da magaji a kan karaga. Jita-jita, ya fara kewaya da cewa Bitrus III bai iya yi ciki zũriyarmu, kuma zai iya kawo karshen daular Qing.

Elizabeth yanke shawarar fitowa su shiga tsakani. Don kotu an kira mafi kyau likita na St. Petersburg, wanda ya tiyata don cire phimosis. A sakamakon haka, a shekara ta goma ta na hukuma aure, Catherine II haifi ɗa. Amma na dogon lokaci akwai jita-jita, da cewa magaji ne ba uban sarki da kuma kambi gimbiya ta fi so - Sergei Saltykov.

Duk da haka, Malaman tarihi daga gidan sarauta, da daular, inda ya jajirce cewa shi ne Peter III ya na ainihi iyaye na Pavel Petrovich. Wannan version yau yanke shawarar tabbatar da masu bincike. Daya hujja ta'allaka ne a bayyanar. Bayan duk, ɗan Catherine 2, Paul (photo hoto wanda aka sake bugawa a cikin labarin) an ainihin kwafin Sarkin sarakuna Peter III.

Na biyu ra'ayi shi ne Y-haploid genotype, kowa zuwa dukan zuriyar Nicholas I. Wannan musamman tsari na siffofin guda gene (alleles) a wata takamaiman wuri (wuri) cytological maps na chromosome.

Saboda haka, a yau, a nan gaba sarki kai tsaye akidar da iyali na Romanovs tabbatar. Duk da haka, abin da ya faru a cikin wadannan shekaru da Pavel Petrovich?

Yara. horo

Nan da nan bayan haihuwar dan Catherine kuma 2 Bitrus 3 da aka rabu da iyayensu. Kakarsa, Elizaveta Petrovna, a cikin hasken da 'yan adawa, ya matukar damuwa game da rabo daga cikin magaji a kan karaga.

Uwar farko gan ta dan kawai a karshen kwanaki arba'in. Duk da cewa haihuwar da magaji na daular kare kasar daga m siyasa upheavals, suka har yanzu faru. Amma yayin da Paul ina ƙarami, ta kakarsa ce take kula da tarbiyyar.

Babu Catherine kuma Bitrus a cikin rayuwar da Sarkin sarakuna bai yi wasa da wani muhimmiyar rawa. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, da jariri da aka kewaye da wani musamman zaba Tawagar, wadda hada da ma'aikatan aikin jinya, malaman makaranta, tutors kuma mafi kyau malamai. Yabo na ma'aikatan tsunduma kaina Elizaveta Petrovna.

Babban mutum da alhakin tarbiyyar yaron ya zama wani shahararren jami'in diflomasiyyar Behteev. Mutumin da aka damu da wani irin tambayoyi na rawar soja da kuma da-kafa ma'aunansa na gudanarwa. Daya daga cikin siffofin da ilimi tsari da aka buga cikin jaridar a cikin abin da aka faɗa game da duk pranks na gaba sarki.

Daga bisani Behteev aka maye gurbinsu da Panin. New malami ya dauki sosai tsanani ga horo shirin. Da yake kusa da shahararren Turai Masons, Nikita Ivanovich da m sani. Saboda haka, daga cikin na farko malamai sun Paul Lardi Platon, Poroshin, grunge da Millikan.

Abin lura shi ne cewa duk wani idon sani da kuma wasa da da takwarorinsu suka iyakance. The girmamawa da aka sakankance a kan ilimi a cikin ruhu na hukunce-hukuncen natsuwa. Tsesarevich samu mafi kyau ilimi na zamaninsa, amma rabuwa da iyaye da kuma takwarorina kai ga babu ja sakamakon.

Dan Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich tashi traumatized mutum. Daga bisani, wannan zai haifar a cikin eccentricities da batsa antics. Daya daga wanda zai kai ga ƙulla makirci a cikin sarki, da kuma kisankai a lokacin wani fada juyin mulki.

Relationship tare da uwar

Ba a hukumance, ɗan Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich aka ba son mahaifiyarta. A Empress daga farko kwanaki an dauke yaro na wani rashin kauna mutumin da Bitrus III a gare ta.

Yana da aka yayatawa cewa bayan haihuwar danta, ta rubuta wasiya cewa a kai ƙarfinsa, za ta ba shi mulki a cikin kasar. Amma wannan daftarin aiki, babu wanda ya taba gani. Sawwaƙe wannan hujja aka tabbatar da m ayyuka na Empress.

A kowace shekara, dan Catherine 2 Paul ƙara nisantar daga uwar harkokin jama'a. Ya tsince mafi kyau malamai, tsunduma sha'awa cikin daban-daban sciences. A farko majalisa na yaki, wanda da empress gayyace shi, ya faru a 1783, wato, a lokacin da Pavel Petrovich ya shekara ashirin da tara.

A wannan taro da karshe rata delineated tsakanin su.

Kafin wannan, da Empress Catherine II tsunduma yada jita-jita game da haihuwarsa da Saltykov. Ta kuma goyan bayan da ra'ayi daga cikin rashin daidaituwa da kuma rashin tausayi na Crown Prince.

Yau yana da wuya a yi hukunci, amma talakawa mutane wanda aka m da manufofin na Empress, kasance a kan gefen Paul Petrovich. Saboda haka, Emelyan Pugachev yi wa'adi bayan juyin mulkin ya ba shi ikon. The sunan Crown Prince busa lokacin da annoba bore a Moscow. A 'yan tawayen karkashin jagorancin kõre Benevskaya ma rantse da matasa sarki.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Catherine II aka jiran wani m bikin aure ɗan fari na Paul Alexander. A wannan yanayin, shi zai iya mika mulki ga jikansa ka kewaye da rashin kauna yaro. Amma bayan ta mutuwa Bezborod'ko sakataren halakar da manifesto fiye da Tsarevich ceto daga kama da gudummawar da ya koma sama zuwa kursiyin. A wannan daga baya, ya karbi mafi jihar daraja na Chancellor.

Rayuwa a Gatchina

Official dan Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich, bayan shekaru da dama da tafiya a kusa Yammacin Turai zauna a estate na marigayi Count Grigoriya Grigorevicha Orlova. Kafin cewa kambi yarima ya sau biyu aure.

Matarsa ta farko da aka Wilhelmina na Hesse-Darmstadt (sa'an nan Sarkin sarakuna Paul ya sha tara). Amma bayan shekaru biyu da rabi shekaru, ta mutu a haihuwa da kuma ya tsince wani sabon amarya.

Ta kasance Sophia Doroteya Vyurtembergskaya, 'yar Duke na Württemberg. Takarar don Sarkin sarakuna da kaina zabi Sarkin Prussia Frederick II. Abin lura shi ne cewa ta zo daga wannan sunan kamar yadda Catherine mai girma, uwar Paul Petrovich.

Saboda haka, bayan wata shekara da rabi tafiya biyu newlyweds zauna a Gatchina, tsohon estate na Count Orlov. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, bisa ga bayanai daga gwamnatin da kasuwanci takardunku kadarori, da Crown Prince da matarsa kullum sata bãyinSa, kuma dangi. Lokacin da babbar albashi ga waɗannan kwanaki in mutum ɗari biyu da dubu hamsin rubles da annum dan Catherine 2 1 Paul ne kullum a bukatar bashin.

Yana Gatchina gaba sarki samun wani "abun wasa" sojojinsa. Yana da aka soja samuwar, kama da m shelves Petra Velikogo. Ko da yake Sahaban da kuma yi magana sosai a wuyan da irin wannan sha'awa na Crown Prince, amma mu lokacin da masu bincike da m ra'ayi.

Bisa ga bayanan game da koyarwarsa, da dukan shelves ne ba kawai tafiyar da farati. Shi ne mai kananan, amma daidai horar ga sojojin a lokacin. Alal misali, an sanar da su daidai da sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa, sun kasance iya yãƙi dare da rana. Wadannan da kuma wasu masu dabara aka kullum anã karanta tare da su, ɗan Catherine 2.

shege dan

Duk da haka, akwai wani shege dan Catherine 2. sunansa aka Alex G .. Daga bisani, yaron ya ba da sunan Bobrinsky, bayan Bobriki kadarori (yanzu birnin Bogoroditsk a yankin Tula).

2 dan Catherine kuma Orlov, bisa ga Sahaban, ya sosai m da m yaro. A kotu akwai jita-jita game da "Kuntata na tunaninsa," domin a cikin goma sha uku shekaru da ya saninka a game da Faransa da kuma Jamus, kazalika da farkon ilmin lissafi da kuma labarin kasa.

An ban sha'awa yanayin da ake dangantawa da haihuwar Alekseya Bobrinskogo. A Disamba 1761, Empress Elizabeth mutu, kuma Dates baya ga kursiyin danta Peter III. Event take kaiwa zuwa wani karshe hutu tsakanin Catherine da mata. Mace aka aika zuwa rayuwa a cikin m reshe na Winter Palace.

Abin lura shi ne, amma ta aukuwar irin aikata ba kau. A wannan lokacin, ta kasance mai fi so Grigory Orlov. Watanni hudu daga baya, a watan Afrilu 1762, da lokacin ya zo ya ba ta haifi ɗa ta wannan lover. Don siffantãwa da ubanci Bitrus III ya gagara.

Saboda haka, yana da aka dauka da asali da ya faru. Valet Empress, Basil Shkurin, ya kafa wuta gidansa ba. Kamar yadda Sarkin sarakuna ƙaunar sha'awan da wuta, ya, tare da ayarinsa bar fadar to ji dadin kallo. A wannan lokaci, Catherine II haifi ɗa ta Grigoriya Orlova.

Kafin juyin mulki a bayyana ta zama kasance wawa da kuma kawo hadari, saboda haka yaron nan da nan ba dauki reno aminci valet, wanda shi ne fiye da wani m qasaita a kan site ƙone da aka gina.

yara

Kamar wancan ne, ɗan Catherine kuma 2 Grigory Orlov an tashe shi tare da yara garderobmeystera Basil Shkurina daga baya ya za a ba da daraja na valet. Up zuwa shekara goma sha biyu Alex rayu kuma ya yi karatu tare da 'ya'yansa maza. A 1770, tare da suka je shekaru hudu a Leipzig. Akwai musamman-board aka halitta wadannan boys.

A 1772, Alekseya Bobrinskogo shekaru biyu an sanya karkashin kulawa na Neapolitan sojojin Marshal Iosifa De Ribas. Daga bisani, da lokacin ciyar da shege dan na Empress, lasafta Clemente, kuma ya baba sama a shahararren matsayi a Rasha. Alal misali, shi Deribas (as a Rasha iri, sai ya fara rubuta sunansa) taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Odessa. Kuma bayan shi ne mai suna cikin shahararrun titi a cikin birnin.

A sha uku, Alex Bobrinsky koma zuwa Rasha Empire, kuma a cikin zubar zuwa Betsky. A daidai wannan lokaci, yaron tanã kai ƙãra Estate a Bobryk ga kayan tallafi.

A cewar The Guardian da kuma malamin, ɗan Catherine 2 Alex ya ba yawa ilimi da kuma bin kimiyya. Ya kawai yana son ƙayatar da uwarsa. Shiryayye yaron kuwa ya sami salama, a kwantar da hankula da kuma rungumar jama'a.

Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy, kasancewa a shahararren adadi a cikin Sphere na ilimi a St. Petersburg, a isasshe da karfi da tasiri ba wai kawai a kan horo Alekseya Bobrinskogo, amma kuma a kan gabatarwa da Iosifa De Ribas.

A shekaru ashirin da, saurayin kammala a yanayin saukan karatu. Kamar yadda wata ijãra ne, da ya samun wata lambar zinariya, kuma dagagge zuwa ga daraja da leftana.

yawon shakatawa

Bayan da irin wannan hanya na horar da dan Catherine 2 da kuma Grigory Orlov aka sallame kuma aika a kan wani yawon shakatawa na yammacin Turai. Dole ne in ce cewa a nan muna da wani misali na yadda Empress ƙaunar wannan saurayi da ya kula da shi.

Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky tare da mafi kyau digiri na jiki a kan tafiya, karkashin kulawa na masana kimiyya da kuma soja. A cewar Rasha masanin kimiyya Nikolai tare da su Ozeretskovsky, lexicographer, memba na Rasha Academy of Sciences, kuma St. Petersburg. The yara ziyarci da Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk, Ufa, Astrakhan, Taganrog, Kherson da Kiev.

Next zuwa gare shi a Warsaw da aka sa a lura da Kanar Aleksey Bushuev, wanda ya ci gaba da tsofaffin] aliban tafiya zuwa yammacin Turai. Akwai aka ziyarci kasar Austria, Italy da kuma Switzerland. Shirin ƙare halfway a Paris.

Dalilin shi ne, ɗan Catherine 2, da kuma Count Orlov zama sha'awar cãca, kuma 'yan mata. Bãbu kõme allahntaka game da shi ga shekaru, amma akwai wani rashin fahimta saboda gaskiyar cewa ka aika da shi kudi daga Empress (dubu uku) ya rayu duk sahabbansa. Amma kudi bai isa ba, kuma daya Alekseyu Bobrinskomu.

A ra'ayi na yanzu halin da ake ciki na digiri daga Faransa aka aiko gida, da kuma dan da Empress aka har yanzu a yarda su zauna a Turai. Ga shi nan a bashi, da kuma zama sha'awar daji rayuwa.

A sakamakon haka, Ekaterina Velikaya umurce su da su yi shi a kasar Rasha. Count Vorontsov tare da 'yan matsaloli tukuna sun jimre da aiki, da kuma Alekseya Bobrinskogo zauna a Revel. Wannan wuri ya zama wani irin "gidan kama" a gare shi. A lokacin tafiya zuwa Turai, ya aka ciyar da su da daraja na biyu-kyaftin (zamani m leftana).

Relationship tare da Catherine II

Nan da nan bayan haihuwar dan Catherine 2 Bobrinsky dadin da wuri daga cikin mahaifiyarsa. Ya samu quite mai kyau ilimi. Empress har zuwa yiwu kuma taimaka wa taimake ko'ina. Amma saboda rashin wani saurayi acumen da kuma sadaukar da sabis don kula da shi kamar yadda for ain figurines.

Da juyo shi ne gazawar da Alekseya Bobrinskogo yayin tafiya a Yammacin Turai. Ya fitar da yadda ya kamata amfani a cikin nau'i na dubu uku (daga Creative wanda Empress kafa domin shi). Har ila yau, bayan da saƙonni na Rasha caca basusuka da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani saba'in da dubu biyar.

Amma shi bai taimaka. A matasa mutum ya tafi zuwa kasa sake. By Catherine mai girma ta request ga shi har wani lõkaci duba bayan Friedrich Grimm, Faransa marubuci kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar. Bayan ya ƙi wannan aiki saboda ba yarda boys, Catherine 2 da kuma dan ƙidaya Orlov aka aika zuwa Rasha.

A Empress dauki wannan mataki, tun da yaron ta hali Ganĩma ta bata masa suna.

A fili, kasancewa a Revel tare da haramta wa bar birnin, Alex Bobrinsky gane zurfin laifinsa. Wannan a fili take daga m buƙatun ga gafara da izinin matsawa zuwa babban birnin kasar. A sakamakon haka shi da wani sallama na ta sojoji a cikin sahu na Birgediya.

A shekara talatin da biyu, da Empress yarda ɗansa ya saya a castle a Livonia, inda bayan shekaru biyu ya aure Baroness Urgyen-Sternberg. Saboda bikin aure Alekseyu Bobrinskomu yarda 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa ga babban birnin kasar zuwa Catherine II duba amarya.

Bayan haka, ya tafi zuwa ga castle Ober-Palen, inda ya rayu har da mutuwar mahaifiyarsa.

Relationship tare da Paul na

Oddly isa, amma Alexei Bobrinsky, ɗan Catherine 2, yana da cikakken goyon baya da kuma damuwa daga Sarkin sarakuna Paul I. Ya stepbrother warware shi daga gidan kama, ya karu a kan lokaci zuwa babbar general. Ya kuma bayar da wa Order of St. Anne da ba commandery.

Nan da nan, duk da haka, shege dan Catherine 2 da dama daga ni'ima. A talatin da shida shekaru da ya sakandare sallame daga sabis, hana daraja da kuma kwana a Estate Bobriki.

Alexey Grigoryevich yarda ka ziyarci babban birnin kasar da kuma kulle a Livonia, amma haramta wani jihar da kuma soja al'amura.

Har mutuwar Alexei Bobrinsky, ɗan Catherine 2, karatu ilmin taurari, mineralogy da kuma aikin noma. Aka binne shi a cikin crypt na kadarori a lardin Tula.