Submarine Project 641: jirãge, photos

A zamanin Cold War tsakanin USSR da Amurka a kan teku akwai wani stalemate: a daya hannun, da Yankees da babu matsaloli tare da surface jirãge (ciki har da makami mai linzami dako), amma a cikin kasar ta jiragen ruwa (ciki har da a sakamakon undercover rikici) a cikin wannan yanki shi ne yawa weaker. Amma Tarayyar Soviet da a submarine. Iri-iri, akwai babbar: daga ƙananansu da cewa za a iya gani a "musamman kama kifi," a babbar "shark."

Duk da cewa babban mai daukan hankali da karfi na kasar mu a wancan lokacin sun nukiliya makami mai linzami, ko suna fadin dizal-lantarki submarine Project 641 ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Shipbuilding.

New lokaci - da sauran bukatun

By na biyu da rabi daga cikin 50-ies karni na karshe shi ya bayyana cewa "da haihuwa lady" na aikin 611 sabon bukatun riga ba dace. Amirkawa a lokacin riga dauke da jingina a kan ayyukan na nukiliya submarines, amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sanya wata babbar fare a kan classic kayayyaki, da kuma gaskiya da haka.

Batun nan ne cewa dizal engine, ko ta yaya paradoxical zai iya ze, shi ne yawa ya fi shuru fiye da zarra: matsalar na karshen a vibration, amo daga aiki na tururi janareto da kuma condensing raka'a. Diesel guda submarine kura idon tafi kawai a kan wutar lantarki da haka amo daga gare su ne musamman low.

Nada Project 641 jiragen

Kamar da wanda ya riga, da submarine aikin 641 aka yi nufi ga rufe Maritime convoys, kariya daga cinikayya da kuma sadarwa hanyoyi, kula da sadarwa. Amma wannan sabon mota yana zuwa da mafi alhẽri gudun yi, cin gashin kansu, da inganta yanayin rayuwar da rai daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin, da kuma babban abu - don kawo muhimmanci fiye da makamai a jirgin.

The ƙungiya kunshi mutane 70, ciki har da mutane 12 - sanda. Domin duk abin da muke da aka halitta da kyau kwarai da yanayi a lokacin rayuwa, wanda a aikin 611 jiragen sun unattainable. Musamman dadi wani submarine B-427 641 aikin.

Babban halaye na sabon submarines

Alhakin da zane sanya sananne designers SA Egorov kuma za Deribina. Corpus su ci gaba ne halin da low aras da kuma kula gangaren, "truncated" kara. A karshen da aka yi domin kara da seaworthiness na submarine taso. Jirage na wannan aikin ne ma bambanta da pronounced fairings a hanci, wanda bauta don saukar da daban-daban radar da sauran kayan aiki.

Amma ga kayan aiki, da farko daki - al'ada a torpedo. Submarine Project 641 jirgin ruwan zai fire torpedoes zuwa zurfin 80 mita. Na biyu reshe yake zaune, akwai, ciki har da, da kuma taron. A wannan sashe a karkashin bene planking, da zanen kaya sun sanya baturi fakitin. A karo na hudu shi ne (bisa ga al'ada) inda tsakiyar ofishin aka located.

Bugu da kari, akwai kuma zaune gida da kuma wani ƙarin baturi fakitin. A karo na biyar sashe - dizal, suna located in da wadannan lantarki injuna, da kuma a cikin Lãhira,, wato, na bakwai, da aka tushen madadin torpedo shambura.

Bayyanar da irin wannan jirgin ruwan da aka ma halin da sosai high shinge a kusa da gida. Yana da haka "monumental" a kan shi kome yakan. Bugu da kari, da fairing a kan hanci, wanda muka ambata, ba kawai lantarki, amma kuma da gas kanti da kuma kayan aiki samar da dizal engine karkashin ruwa.

A submarines aka dauke da makamai da irin wannan?

Babban makamai - shida baka torpedo shambura, wanda gaba da hudu mafi fodder. Amma duk da wannan asali - hanci, da zaran sun suna sanye take da musamman azumi recharging tsarin. A total harsasai - 22 torpedoes. Wadannan sun hada da na farko da kuma "telemetry" model, kore ta waya. Amma a yi, a cikin soja kamfen sau da yawa dauka 1/3 minti, ya maye gurbin su torpedoes. Domin manajan da harbe-harben tsari gana hadaddun "Leningrad-641".

Submarines aka dauke da makamai torpedoes da makaman nukiliya warheads, amma suka yi nufin kawai don kai farmaki maƙiyi surface jirãge.

engine bayani dalla-dalla

A zuciya na submarine ne kawai uku dizal 37D model. Suna sanye take da gazoturbonadduvom, kare daga babban sassan na wani m bulkhead soundproofing. Kamar yadda muka ce, ga wani karkashin ruwa Hakika hadu biyu lantarki Motors daga cikin iri PG-101. The damar kowane ne 1350 lita. wani. Akwai madadin motor PG-102, wanda ikon nan da nan HP 2700 Akwai kuma wani tattali 140-horsepower PG-104. Ana amfani da a lokuta idan kana bukatar ka kare albarkatu, "zaune" a kan wannan shaft da PG-102.

Domin motsi jirgin ruwan zai iya amfani da uku propellers, wani mataki da za a iya siddan canza ta da ƙungiya. A surface amfani ga motsi dizal, wanda a lokaci guda cajin batir.

makanikai

Uku shafts da uku sukurori, wani mataki da za a iya canza ta da ƙungiya. All rudders zurfin da shugabanci da kawai uku drive: na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, lantarki da kuma manual, kuma aka sani da "na karshe damar". A farko sa na atomatik karfafawa "Marmara" da aka yi amfani da, wanda ƙwarai facilitates aikin da ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma sa idanu da matsayi na submarine a sarari.

energetics

Da farko cikin jirgin ruwan shigar sauya baturi 46SU model, baya maye gurbinsu a mafi robust kuma capacious 48cm. Total a kan jirgin da submarine ya 448 Kwayoyin. Yana yiwuwa a wasu jirage da za a iya amfani da baturi iri 60SU. Su nassoshi samu a dama aukuwa daga cikin memoirs na Soviet submariners (musamman, shi ake magana a kai a submarine B-427 641 aikin), amma sai, watakila, dole mu saba inaccuracy.

New abubuwa a cikin on-jirgin kayan aiki

A cikin zane na jirgin hada da sabon iri Sonar, radar da kuma kewayawa kayan aiki, da sauran high-tech (ga waɗanda sau) kayan aiki. Don gane surface hari ta amfani da radar tsarin "flag" da kuma ci-gaba tashar MG-10 hydrophone iya samun sakonni ba kawai, amma wasu "asdikov". Yana hidima da manufa iri guda hadaddun "Arktika-M", wanda ko da yaushe abubuwa a cikin aiki yanayin.

Idan ka saya model submarine B-28 Project 641, za mu iya ganin babban ambaliya a hanci, wanda housed duk lantarki.

Ga m kariya daga jirgin ne "Light M", wanda na kama ko da ya wuce na wasu Sonar hatsaisai. ELINT yi da hadaddun "freewheeling". Ya kamata a lura cewa a samar da tsari a cikin wadannan zane jiragen ne kullum yin gagarumin canje-canje, sabili da haka daidai bayyana duk zabin a kan-jirgin kayan aiki za su yi aiki. Modernized submarine izinin karkashin alama ce 641B.

Babban raunin da aiki bayanai

A farkon gina injiniyoyi gano cewa gefe na aminci ga na zamanintar da misali aikin kusan m. Kuma saboda da kwanciya da na karshe submarines wannan jerin, suka sake tsara kusan a kan Go. A sakamakon wadannan canje-canje da aka gaba daya sake sanye take da sake shirya biyar daki, designers maye gurbin da dizal injuna mafi m, maye da aka ma hõre misali batura.

A yamma, wadannan submarines hanzari zama da aka sani Foxtrot. Yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko submarines na ayyukan da aka canjawa wuri en sun mayar sãshensu waliyyai a cikin Warsaw yarjejeniya, kazalika da sauran, pro-Soviet kasashen. Alal misali, biyu submarines nan da nan bayan da gine-gine da aka mika wa Poland da kuma Indiya a general aza musamman submarine, wanda yana da yawan gaske da bambance-bambance daga asalin daftarin.

Saboda haka, akwai aka sanya daban-daban batura, da wata ƙara rayuwa a lõkacin da aiki a high yanayin zafi, a karo na hudu sashe aka cire kawai biyu bukkokin, game da shi a kan submarine gudanar ya sanya kwandishan tsarin, kazalika da ma'aikatan da aka da yawa ya karu iya aiki domin sabo ruwa. Kamar yadda na bukatar shi, mu submarine B-28 641 aikin, ya tilasta a lokaci daya dogon fãta daga Amirkawa a yammacin sahara.

Yanzu jiha shakatawa

Total kasashen waje (ban da gurguzu kungiyar kasashen) shige 13 da irin wannan submarines, da kuma samu su, musamman, Libya da kuma Cuba. A halin yanzu, wadannan jirage suna daidai dauka kashe fama wajibi a Indiya, da karfe a cikin tsakiyar 2000s, an aiko biyu jiragen ruwa Poland, da rabo daga cikin sauran ne ba a sani ba. Mafi m, su kawai yanka domin ya da. A sabis na kasar mu da shi ne a dizal-powered jirgin ruwan aikin 641 (kamar, wasu bayanai da suke sketchy), amma shi, haƙĩƙa, zã a rubuta kashe, kamar yadda a yau ya maye gurbin tsohon gyare-gyare ne "Lada", da sauran dizal-lantarki submarines.

Har ila yau, daya kwafin ne a sabis da Ukrainian Navy (kuma shi ne kawai submarine a wadanda sassa). Gaskiya, da yanayin abin hawa ne irin wannan cewa, an akai-akai miƙa zuwa yanka karfe, kamar yadda ta gyara riga impractical. Cewa akwai kawai da cewa a shekarar 2012 da wannan jirgin karo na farko a cikin shekaru 20, da barin tafarkinsa a cikin teku. Ukrainians tsĩrar da kawai cewa 641 aikin (submarines), wanda yana da wani photo Wakilai a cikin labarin, ya kasance sosai m daga wani fasaha ra'ayi.

Cuban harsashi rikicin

A yamma da submarine na irin wannan shi ya zama yadu a san a lokacin da Cuban harsashi rikicin. Su halarci keta kawancen da Cuba, da kuma ainihin yawan submarines da hannu a cikin aiki ne ba a sani ba ga wannan rana. An yi imani da cewa akwai submarines na aikin 641 19 Brigade. A crews ya yi aiki a wuya yanayi, kamar yadda da yawan zafin jiki a cikin compartments wani lokacin kai 60 digiri Celsius, da kuma taso kan ruwa domin samun iska da kuma caji da baturi ba zai iya zama, domin kauce wa ganewa ta Amurka kotu. Alas, da classic submarine Project 641 ba su da kwandishan ...

A cikin irin wannan mawuyacin halin, da crews, kuma ko da submarine kwamandan wani lokacin a cikin 'yan kwanaki da wani ra'ayin da abin da aka faruwa a duniya, kuma akwai ba Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka a Jihar nukiliya yaki. Kawai high fasaha da kuma kwanciyar hankali da ya hana wani bala'i m. Bayan duk, a kan jirgin kowane submarine sun torpedoes da makaman nukiliya warheads!

Akwai shaida da cewa a cikin 60s akwai lokatan lokuta na lamba kusan 641 jiragen Project da American hallaka. Musamman da misali hali, tsohon a 1962. Karkashin ruwa jirgin ruwan aikin 641 tare da yawan B-36 na dogon lokaci zuwa sintiri cikin kusanci da Cuba, nasarar motsi daga cikin Amurka Navy ganewa. Daya dare, a lokacin wani zaman yau da kullum hawan, ta gani a wani jirgin san ko su wanene American hallaka, da ƙungiya daga wanda (ba tare da wani gargadi) sanya anti-submarine torpedo jefa.

Abin farin, da ƙungiya daga B-36 ya yi hikima da kuma consistently. A hari gudanar ya tsere, amma ... Amirkawa sun dogon runtumi jirgin ruwan (tafi zurfi ba shi yiwuwa, da batura an sallami) da kuma jefar da ita kudi na firecrackers kuma ko da talakawa da gurneti, wucewa Glusha ether. Mika wani sakon waya zuwa Moscow da aka sani kawai tare da takwas yunkurin.

Duk da 'yan adawa, da ƙungiya ya iya karya daga bin. Kuma ko da bayan cewa, jirgin ruwan ya ci gaba da kawo a kan fama wajibi ta zuwa cikin Kola Larabawa kawai bayan mafi yawan baturi ne daga oda. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne ƙungiya daga submarine B-28 Project 641, amma akwai wani torpedo harin.