Mann Genrih: biography, da wallafe-wallafen aiki, manyan ayyuka

A tarihin duniya adabi akwai biyu Figures da sunan karshe Mann da Henry Thomas. Wadannan marubuta ne da 'yan'uwanku, ƙarami daga abin da yake a m wakilin falsafa litattafan na XX karni. Babban kalla sani, amma ko da yaushe a cikin inuwar babbar ɗan'uwansa. Subject na labarin - a talented mutum biography, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga adabi, amma ya mutu a talauci, kuma Loneliness. Sunansa - Mann Genrih.

Fage da kuma asalin

A 1871, a cikin iyali na da Jamus kasuwa Tomasa Ioganna Genriha Manna ɗa. Ɗan fari suka tafi a kan zama daya daga cikin shahararrun marubuta da XX karni, wanda sunansa - Mann Genrih. Ranar Haihuwa - 27 Maris. Brother, wanda adadi occupies wani gagarumin matsayi a tarihin duniya adabi, an haife shekaru hudu daga baya.

Literary aiki da 'ya'ya maza Mann cikakken bai sadu da iyali hadisin, bisa ga abin, domin ƙarni biyu duk mambobi na wannan aristocratic iyali tsunduma musamman a ciniki da kuma zamantakewa.

Jamus da kuma Brazil jini gudana a cikin jijiyoyinmu daga cikin shahararrun Mann yan'uwansa. Henry Sr da zarar aure wata mace wadda uwãyensa sun kasance baƙi daga Kudancin Amirka.

A nan gaba marubuci da aka girma a karkashin sharadi gwargwado. Mahaifinsa gudanar da wani muhimmanci jama'a ofishin, wanda tabbas zai yi wa dukan yara (da daga baya sun kasance biyar) m nan gaba. Duk da haka, da 'ya'ya maza da' ya'ya mata na rabo ya ɓullo da quite ba zato ba tsammani da kuma takaici. Daga baya wannan irin tarihi, kazalika da mutuwarsa, nuna a cikin sanannen labari "Buddenbrooks" Tomas Mann.

Bayan kammala karatunsa Henry Katharineum - san makaranta a Lübeck - ya tafi zuwa Dresden, domin koyi da dabaru na da cinikayya kasuwanci birni. Amma a shekara daga baya katse horo matasa Mann.

Henry ya zaɓi ya shiga da matsayin sa kai a daya daga Berlin bugu gidan. A lokaci guda, ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Fridriha Vilgelma. Babu wani daga cikin 'yan'uwa Mann gama ilimi kamar yadda gaske a rayuwa, da suka so su rubuta. A penchant ga kerawa ya kaucewa uncharacteristic ga wakilan da haihuwa Jamus m iyali. Sai dai in, ba shakka, fãce Yuliyu Mann - uwar Thomas da Heinrich. Wannan mace da aka daban-daban ɓarna, hali, musicality da sanã'ar.

A 1910, ya mutu takaici, daya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata a cikin Mann iyali. Henry, wanda aikin ya a Jihar stagnation a wannan lokaci, shi yana da wuya ƙwarai hasarar da 'yar'uwarta. Ya yi aure ne kawai shekaru hudu daga baya, a farkon yakin. Zaba marubuci ya zama Czech actress Maria Canova. Amma daga baya, a Amirka, rabo kawo shi to wata mace mai suna Nellie.

tafiya

A 1893 iyalinsa koma Munich, Sanata Johann Mann. Henry a cikin wannan lokaci sanya da dama tafiye-tafiye, a cikin abin da yake tafiya zuwa St. Petersburg. A nan gaba marubuci shekaru da yawa yana da wani m zama. Tun da na karshe shekarun da suka gabata na karni na sha tara, kuma har zuwa fashewa yakin duniya na farko, Mann Genrih, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, an kullum koma gari gari. A 'yan shekaru Jamus mawallafin ya rayu a Italiya. Kuma quite sau da yawa tafiyarka ya aka tare da wani kane.

Dindindin canja wurin sun zama dole awo ma bayan shekarar 1982, a nan gaba marubuci sha wahala mai tsanani cutar huhu. Domin mayar da kiwon lafiya, da mahaifansa biyu aiko Henry a Wiesbaden. Kuma a wannan lokacin ya mutu da mahaifin shahararren marubuci. Bayan karshe magani Genrihom Mannom aka farko halitta da wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

"Malam midges, ko karshen mai tanƙwasawa"

Shahararren labari, da protagonist na wanda yake shi ne pedantic malamin nahawu makaranta, da aka buga a shekara bayan halittar. Amma wannan aiki, wanda ya rubuta Mann Genrih a 1904, aka mai tsanani soki, kuma wasu lokaci aka gaba daya haramta. Musamman korau, "labarin faɗuwar mutum cikin soyayya" rungumi a garinsu na marubuci.

A mãkirci - da rayuwar wani mutum wanda ya fi dukan mai daraja da iko. Amma kamar yadda ya iya sarrafa kawai su dalibai, sa'an nan ya yi kokari a kowace hanya don ci gaba a bay ƙaramin tsara. Amma da zarar da so ya mallaki shi da kuma gaba daya ya canza rayuwarsa. Ba abin mamaki da take da labari da aka ce game da "karshen wata mai tĩlastãwa." Daga baya, da labari da aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa, sa'an nan sanannen Hollywood darektan na Jamus asalin Sternberg dauki shi da fim "The Blue Angel" tare da Marlene Dietrich a cikin gubar rawa.

Bambancin ra'ayi Mann yan'uwa

Henry - marubuci kuma mawallafi, da aka sani a farkon karni yafi tsakanin Jamus da masu karatu - shekaru da yawa don gaba daya dakatar da sadarwa da ƙanensa, Thomas. Dalilin shi da kaifi siyasa da bambance-bambance. Bayan motsi zuwa Amurka Heinrich Mann kasance a cikin ƙuncin rai, shi ma ya dada tabarbare shi da ban tausayi mutuwar matarsa. Duk da jayayya, da kane zo zuwa ceto. Thomas Mann kasance daya daga cikin wealthiest Jamus marubuta-masana.

la'ana Mann

Yara da jikoki na Jamus m da kuma Sanata aka tare da dukan tsautsayi, wanda aiki a matsayin m asa ga jita-jita, da kuma tsegumi. Duka 'yan'uwa mãtã Henry kashe kansa. A wannan hanya ya bar wannan mutum duniya da kuma na biyu matar marubuci.

Thomas Mann, wanda shi ne quite m don amsa ga irin abubuwan, tare da wani bakon taimako mayar da martani kan mutuwar matar ɗan'uwansa, ya ce a cikin wata wasika ga mai zumunta, da cewa "wannan mace ne spoiled rayuwa ga Henry, kamar yadda da yawa sha, scandals kuma, mafi sharrin duk, ta yi aiki a matsayin sabis a kulob din. " Sam, babban mawallafi, kuma mawallafiyar wani m aiki "Mutuwa a Venice" rayuwa wai sun yi jihãdi da kishili nufi. Wannan bai hana shi, duk da haka, ya zargi da bore dan, wanda bai yi kokarin boye su na zuwa jima'i 'yan tsirarun.

"M"

A farkon yakin duniya na farko da aka ma da aka buga labari Genriha Manna, a cikin abin da marubucin ne quite realistically Zagayawar da hali na Kaiser ta Jamus. Aiki a kan hanya na protagonist, marubucin ya iya nuna shi da "cikin". Gesling Mann a littafinsa - hankula wakilin Jamus bourgeois jama'a, halin da m zuwa ga duk dan hanya da kuma pathological tsoron iyakance kansa iko. Wannan aikin, tare da Sigmund Freud ta littattafai, Genriha Geyne da Karla Marksa, aka dakatar da Nazis a cikin thirties.

"Young shekaru sarki Henry IV»

A shekarar 1935, a daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Heinrich Mann Ya halitta quite wani tabbatacce image na da manufa m. The aikin nuna aukuwa a cikin rãyuwar monarch, wanda rufe da lokacin fara daga yara har mutuwarsa. Daga baya, marubucin ya rubuta wani mabiyi, kuma waɗannan ayyuka sanya dilogy, wanda ya taka leda mafi muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin na Jamus marubuci.

a gudun hijira

Kasashen waje wallafe-wallafen aiki Mann bai kawo wani samun kudin shiga. Zai yiwu shi shi ne cewa littafan sun ban sha'awa da yafi ga German masu karatu. A muhimmiyar rawa a gaskiyar cewa Mann ta aiki ya fara samun koma baya, kuma ya taka bala'i a cikin iyali.

A 1950, a Santa Monica, wani mutum ya mutu musamman talakawa da kuma gaba daya m. A watan kafin marubuci ta mutuwa ya kai ga post na shugaban kasar na Academy of Arts, wanda ya a gabashin Jamus. Amma Heinrich Mann aka ƙaddara mutuwa a baƙuwar ƙasa, kadai.