Marubuci Lion Feuchtwanger: A Biography, kerawa

Lion Feuchtwanger ne dauke da kafa wani sabon wallafe-wallafen motsi a cikin tarihi Romance philology. A cikin ayyukansu, dauke da tunani a kan makomar bil'adama a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba za a iya gano a fili daidaici da abubuwan dake faruwa a wannan zamanin. Babu kasa ban sha'awa ne biography na marubuci, waxanda suke da ba a aikin soja, da kuma "littafin motoci" da kuma kurkuku, cikin natsuwa sansanonin, da kuma more.

farkon shekaru

Lion Feuchtwanger aka haife kan Yuli 7, 1884 a Jamus birnin Munich, ɗan wani m industrialist Sigmund Feuchtwanger da Johanna Bodenheimer, kuma ya kasance babba yara tara. Da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa sun Orthodox Yahudawa, da kuma wani yaro daga wani matashi ya a-zurfin ilmi daga cikin addini da kuma al'adu da jama'arsa. Bayan makaranta, Lion Feuchtwanger shiga jami'ar Munich, inda ya yi karatu a fannin "adabi" da "falsafa". Ya sa'an nan ya koma Berlin su riƙi hanya a na Jamus philology da Sanskrit.

A 1907, Lion Feuchtwanger samu wani PhD tare da wani taƙaitaccen labari sadaukar da samfurin na Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky rabbi."

Early aiki

A 1908, Feuchtwanger kafa al'adu mujallar "Mirror". Wannan edition da wani gajeren rayuwa da kuma bayan da a saki na 15 da dakuna ya daina wanzuwa saboda kudi matsaloli.

A 1912, nan gaba shahara marubuci auri 'yar wani m Yahudawa m Marta Leffler. Kuma ba ya yiwuwa ga boye ranar da bikin aure daga cikin baƙi cewa amarya shi ne ciki. Bayan 'yan watanni a watan Maris haifi' ya mace, wanda ya mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwa.

A watan Nuwamba shekarar 1914, Feuchtwanger kira up a matsayin reservist. Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya juya daga abin da ya ba shi ke nan tare da kiwon lafiya, da kuma marubuci ya ajiye. Bayan da yaki, sai ya sadu Brecht, da wanda ya buga wani aminci cewa dade har mutuwarsa Feuchtwanger.

Biography har 1933

Lion Feuchtwanger ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko zuwa lura da barazanar 'National gurguzanci. Baya a 1920 ya riga ya a wani satirical hanyar gabatar da wani hangen nesa daga cikin yawo Bayahude, wanda ya bayyana anti-Semitism. Bugu da kari, ya ba da wata s bayanin irin "ruwan kasa Munich" a cikin labari "Success," a cikin abin da protagonist Rupert Kuttsnera fili sa ido siffofi da Adolf Hitler.

Bayan wasu ayyukan Feuchtwanger aka buga a waje na Jamus, ya zama quite rare a da yawa kasashen Turai. A sakamakon haka, ya aka gayyaci mutane da yawa jami'o'i ya sadar da laccoci.

A watan Nuwamba 1932 ya kasance a London. Akwai zai ciyar 'yan watanni, sa'an nan zuwa USA, inda ya ma aka je lacca. Saboda haka, a lokacin da zuwan su ikon da Nazis Lion Feuchtwanger ne a waje Jamus. Bayan saurari hujjojin da abokai, da marubuci ya yanke shawarar shirya a Faransa garin Sanary-sur-Immer, inda akwai wata karamar mallaka na Jamus baƙi suka gudu saboda na tsananta siyasa ko launin fata dalilai. Tun da harshen Turanci fassarorin na Feuchtwanger ta littattafai da aka buga a manyan bugu, ya jagoranci wani dadi rayuwa tare da matarsa Marta, wanda ya zama aminci mataimakin a cikin dukan al'amura.

Biography Feuchtwanger kafin yakin duniya na biyu

A halin yanzu, a Jamus Feuchtwanger sunan bayyana a cikin jerin marubuta wanda littattafai da aka ƙone, ya aka tube wa dan kasa da kuma dukiya kwace.

Rashin jituwa a National gurguzanci ya dalilin da ban sha'awa na marubuci a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Stalinist farfaganda iya ba miss wannan damar da kuma gayyace Feuchtwanger ya kai ziyara a birnin Moscow, kazalika da yi rangadin kasar domin ganin da idanuwan abin da wannan ci gaban ya sanya duniya ta farko "jiha na ma'aikata da manoma." Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na ziyara a Tarayyar Soviet marubuci ko hira da shugabannin jama'a.

Komowa zuwa Faransa, Lyon Feuchtwanger, wanda littattafai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet nan da nan ya fara buga miliyoyin kofe, da aka buga wata hira da Stalin. Bugu da kari, ya rubuta littafin "Moscow. 1937 ", wanda shared tare da Turai masu karatu da tunaninsa na rayuwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A ranar da pages, ya aka kullum yin kwatantawa tsakanin abin da ya ke nuna, da kuma Jihar harkokin cikin Jamus. A wannan gwadawa, domin mafi yawan bangare ya juya daga zama ba a cikin ni'imar da karshen.

gudun hijira

A 1940, Jamus da sojojin tafi a cikin France. Lion Feuchtwanger a matsayin tsohon Jamus dan kasa da aka interned a Faransa sansanin a garin Le Mill. Kamar yadda nasarar da Wehrmacht Army ya bayyana cewa mafi yawan fursunoni fuskanci mutuwa, idan sun kasance a cikin ƙasa sun shagaltar. Sa'an nan wasu daga cikinsu da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani sansanin kusa Nimes. Akwai Lion Feuchtwanger da matarsa taimaki ma'aikatan ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Sun samu su ƙarya takardun da, ɓadda a matsayin mace marubuci, daga cikin kasar. A wannan yanayin, Lyons da matarsa ya tafi, ta hanyar da yawa Kasadar, kamar yadda suka farko na dogon lokaci boye a Marseilles, sa'an nan aka tilasta waurinta Spain da Portugal.

Rayuwa a Amurka

A 1943, Lion Feuchtwanger, wanda littattafai su musamman rare a Amurka, zaunar a villa "Aurora" a California. Akwai, ya yi aiki tukuru, kuma Ya halitta da ya fi ban sha'awa ayyukansu. Bugu da kari, saboda da manyan kudade biya zuwa wallafa da kuma Studios, na littafan saba ga allon, Feuchtwanger tattara marmari library kunshi fiye da 20 000 kundin.

Idan Nazis ƙi da marubuci na launin fata dalilai, da postwar Amurka da aka ake zargin na kwaminis alhini. A wannan lokacin, sake fito a matsayin mai ashen da ikon Feuchtwanger, tun dogon kafin farkon wata "mayya farauta", ya rubuta cikin play "Ruɗani a hankali, ko Iblis a Boston," wanda ya yi magana fitar da sanyi yaki da kuma hanyoyin da jangwalo shi.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Duk da cewa marubucin Lion Feuchtwanger ba zai koma Jamus, saboda ta anti-farkisanci ra'ayoyi, ya kasance Popular a gudun hijirar. A 1953 ya aka ma bayar da farko kyauta na wannan kasa a fagen adabi.

A shekarar 1957, marubucin kamu da ciki ciwon daji. By Feuchtwanger magani janyo hankalin mafi kyau likitoci na lokacin, wanda sanya shi 'yan tiyata. Kokarin jimre da cuta sun kasance m, da kuma marubuci ya rasu a shekarar 1958 daga ciki zub da jini.

pre-yaki aiki

A farkon shekaru na rubuce-rubucensa aiki Lion Feuchtwanger halitta mai yawa na kwaikwaiyo, wanda ya kiyasta a matsayin wajen mediocre. Bayan wannan, ya publicist sha'awar rubuce-rubuce da articles da kuma sake dubawa, kyale kamar yadda idan daga waje dubi nasa aikin. A daidai wannan lokacin Feuchtwanger farko tunani game da yiwuwar samar da wani mai idon basira tarihi labari a kan ayyukansa wahayi zuwa Mann yan'uwansa.

A wannan yanayin, ko da yake da labarun ciki daban-daban epochs, su a haɗe a cikin ra'ayi na ba ta hanyar da Prism na tarihi. A daidai wannan lokaci da samfurin Lion Feuchtwanger, rubuta bayan yakin duniya na da Bavarian juyin juya hali, hana aestheticism da kuma kusa da labarun almara. Su sau da yawa daidai da sirri bala'i na bil'adama hali a wani tashin hankali al'umma. A musamman, wannan batu ne sadaukar da farko shine, Lion Feuchtwanger da suka rubuta - "mummuna Duchess."

A gaba aikin marubuci ya zama labari "The Bayahude Suess", wanda aka sadaukar domin da abubuwan dake faruwa a Jamus, 18th karni. Ya kawo shi a duniya daraja, da kuma a lokaci guda ya aka zarge shi da anti-Semitism a lokaci guda kuma a cikin Yahudawa kishin kasa. Dukansu kawai spurred da amfani da marubuci a cikin tarihin mutanen. A sakamakon haka ne trilogy na Josephus, wanda aka buga a kasashen da dama.

Gaskiya ka so don yin tunãni wayewar, turawa da shi a cikin lokaci, bayan da ya tilasta ƙaura zuwa Faransa, marubucin ya halicci wani labari "na karya-Nero", da babban harafin da yawa sun koyi da Fuhrer.

Kerawa a cikin post-yaki shekaru

Bayan ƙaura zuwa Amurka marubuci na tafi a kan mai yawa da kuma aiki na rayayye. A musamman, da labari ya bayyana a shekarar 1947, "Foxes a cikin Vineyard." Lion Feuchtwanger aka bayyana shi a cikin abubuwan dake faruwa "bayan fage" na War of Independence. Shi ne ya fara post-yaki aiki a wanda da yawa gan daidaici da kungiyar na Ka taimaka-Lease.

4 Bayan shekaru da marubuci ya rubuta ya fi shahara aiki - "Goya ko Hard Way to haske." Lion Feuchtwanger aka bayyana shi a rayuwa da kuma aiki na da sanannen Spanish artist. The labari wata babbar nasara a duk duniya da kuma ya sha nanata yin fim.

Ko a bara na rayuwa riga tsanani da rashin lafiya Feuchtwanger ci gaba da haifar da. Tun safiya har maraice ya shibtarsu a wani stenographer "Spanish Ballad" Love Sarkin Spain Alfonso Takwas ga commoner Fermoze.