Marubuci Lorens Darrell: A Biography da kuma aikin

Wannan labarin za a yi nasiha ga wannan sanannen English marubuci, kamar Lorens Darrell. Yau an gane a matsayin classic na 20th karni. Yana da wuya a kwatanta, amma a farkon fara aikinsa zargi wajen korau hali zuwa aikinsa. Darrell zargi m kwaikwayo da kuma verbiage, da kuma haruffa kira da alaƙa da implausible. Shekaru wuce, da kuma lokacin da za a bayyana duk abin da, a yau, bãbu shakka a cikin wallafe-wallafen kyauta na marubuci.

Lorens Darrell: A Biography

Lorens Dzhordzh Durrell aka haife kan Fabrairu 27, 1912 a arewacin India, a wani karamin gari da ake kira Dzhallandhar dake kusa da Tibet. Mahaifansa biyu, wani Dan Ailan uwa Luiza Florens Dixie da Banasare mahaifin Lourens Samyuel Durrell, ya, Oddly isa, mazauni ne na India. Irin wannan cakuda daban-daban kasashe ƙwarai rinjayi da samuwar da marubuci, kuma daga baya a kan aikinsa. Darrell kansa ya yi ĩmãni da cewa ya "ya da Tibet haukan."

Saba da Ingila

Shin kadan Darrell ƙare sa'ad da yake shekaru 11 da haihuwa. Sai a wannan lokaci sai ya aiko zuwa Ingila a jirgin ruwa dõmin ya iya samun cikakken ilimi. Historical mahaifarsa samar da matasa depressing ciki bugu. Salon yan unguwa mai lakabin da shi "da Turanci mutuwa." Duk da yake sauran gaba daya dan hanya zuwa Turanci salon, Darrell bai daidaita da sabon yanayi, dukan sojojin tsayayya da kayyade rai na makaranta. A sakamakon wannan tsayin dakan shi ne cewa ya kasa wuce ƙofar jarrabawa zuwa jami'a.

Yana ba tada Darrell, saboda ta wannan lokaci ya sanya yanke shawarar, wanda ya zama m - ya yanke shawarar yin aiki a matsayin marubuci. A farko, dole ne ya matsaloli tare da definition of nasu salon biyu a litattafan da a shayari, amma sannu a hankali da marubuci ya yanke shawarar for kaina wannan tambayar.

na farko bazawa

A shekarar 1931, a nan gaba marubuci aka koma London. A karo na farko a 1932, aka wallafa Lorens Darrell (shayari tarin "quaint gutsure"). Sa'an nan a shekara ta 1933, shi ne aka buga a wallafe-wallafen parody Shaw "Bromo Bombastus". Wannan aiki na Lawrence bayar a karkashin daya daga cikin sunayen laƙabi - Geffer Pisleyk.

A 1935, Darrell samu daga Girkanci bugu da wani gwaji fee, koma Corfu, inda suka yin fim da gidan. Akwai Darrell ƙirƙira kanta wani sunan - Charles Norden. A karkashin wannan sunan da aka buga na farko "Pied sarewa soyayya" romance marubuci, bugu "Cassel".

Muhimmanci yanke shawara (1935)

Wannan shekara, akwai biyu masu muhimmanci events ga marubuci, wanda aka rinjayi aiki. Da fari dai, Lorens Darrell Maigirma ya kwadaitar da mahaifiyarsa da kuma matarsa Nancy ya motsa shi zuwa Corfu (Girka). Ya jãyayya da cewa haka su iya ajiye kadan da kuma cece kanka daga English hunturu. The sosai rayuwa a Girka ya zama real wahayi ga Darrell - ya gane cewa dangane da India sun fashe. A nan sai ya sa da shaci na littafin, wanda zai juya cikin jerin "Alexandria Quartet" a nan gaba.

Na biyu, na karanta Lawrence labari "Tropic of Cancer" Genri Millera, sa'an nan ya rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga mawallafin. Wannan shi ne farkon mai karfi aminci, wanda dade shekaru 45. Miller da Darrell sau da yawa corresponded. Su a haɗe da wani soyayya na adabi da kuma fara'a da Far East. Miller nan da nan ya yaba da wallafe-wallafen talanti ɗaya na wani sabon aboki, kuma ta abi'a taimake shi lokacin da zargi bayyana sharply a kan sabon ayyukan Darrell.

wallafe-wallafen aikin

A 1936 ya buga na biyu manyan aikin marubuci tsoro Spring. Wannan sunan ba za a iya fassara a cikin Rasha, kamar yadda a cikin ta da asali a play a kan kalmomi - wannan magana tana nufin duka biyu spring catapults da tsoro (samu daga sunan Pan, da Girkanci abin bautãwa) a cikin bazara.

A layi daya tare da wannan labari Lorens Darrell aiki a kan ta farko da "tsanani" aikin da aka kira "Black Littãfi." The labari da aka buga a 1938 a cikin tsarin na "Villa Seurat Series", sa'an nan a cikin wallafe-wallafe gidan "Obelisk Danna", wanda yana da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa suna. A littafin da aka sanya yiwu da taimakon Mr. Miller.

Yakin duniya na II

Lorens Darrell - marubuta wanda, kamar mutane da yawa, ya tafi, ta hanyar yakin duniya na biyu.

A 1939 ya shiga sabis a daya daga cikin Greek makarantu, abin da suke a hannun Birtaniya Council, wani Turanci malami. Duk da haka, ya koyar aiki dade dogon. Tuni a 1941, kafin Jamusawa kãma Corfu Durrell iyali da aka tilasta su raba. A mahaifiyarsa ta auro biyu, matasa da 'ya'ya maza da Gerald Leslie (daga baya kuma ya zama wani marubuci) da aka aika zuwa Ingila. Margot, 'yar'uwar Lawrence, aka asali faruwa zauna a Corfu, amma daga baya aka kawar da daya daga Birtaniya matukan jirgin, wanda daga baya ya zama mijinta. Lawrence kansa da matarsa da shekaru 'yar Penelope je Crete, sa'an nan ku gudu zuwa birnin Alkahira.

Tuni a Alkahira ganimar dangantakar tare da matarsa, da kuma Darrell a 1942, aika zuwa Alexandria, inda ya gana da Evoy Koen, wanda zai zama samfur na "Justine" a cikin littafin babban harafin. A Alexandria, Lawrence aka nada kakakin na Birtaniya Information Service. Mafi yawa daga duk a cikin sabis na marubuci kusantar da abin da ya iya kiyaye waxannan abubuwa, ra'ayoyi da mutane cewa zai iya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa kawai wani soja Alexandria, bauta a matsayin wani taro batu na gabas da yamma.

A postwar shekaru

A tsakiyar 1945, Lorens Darrell (photos za a iya gani a cikin marubuci na wannan labarin) ya kõmo zuwa Girka, ana saki, ya ce, na "wani Bamasare kurkuku." Da farko tasha zama Rhodes, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu a matsayin Daraktan hulda da jama'a. Sa'an nan, a shekarar 1947, Darrell tafi Argentina zuwa Cordoba a garin kai wurin da darektan da Birtaniya Cibiyar.

Tun shekara ta 1949, wani marubuci zaune a Belgrade (Zimbabue), aiki kamar yadda manema attaché a Burtaniya ofishin jakadancin. A shekara ta 1952, ya bar wannan wuri da kuma mayar da su Cyprus, inda ya shirya don su bada dukan lokaci zuwa nazarin wallafe-wallafe. Don rayuwa a cikin wannan lokaci, ya yi tsiwirwirin wani rai koyar da harshen Turanci. Duk da haka, bayan wani shekara a Cyprus ya barke yaki tsakanin Turks, wanda ya so 'yancin kai, Helenawa suka nemi a haɗa shi da ƙasa ga kasar Girka, da kuma Birtaniya, wanda ya so ya ci gaba duk da tsibirin a karkashin ta iko. A wannan lokaci, Darrell bar koyarwa da kuma ayyuka a cikin Nicosia jami'in alhakin dangantaka da jama'a. Abubuwan da suka faru na ban tausayi da wadannan shekaru da aka nuna a cikin littafin marubuci "M lemons," da aka buga a shekara ta 1957.

Major ayyukan

More kan Cyprus marubuci ya fara aiki a littafin "Justine", wanda shi ne na farko na "Alexandria Quartet". Kammala sake zagayowar ya a 1956, da kuma litattafan da aka buga tsakanin shekarar 1957 da kuma shekarar 1961. Wannan aiki ya samu gagarumar nasara ba kawai daga masu karatu, amma kuma masu sukar.

A m shekaru, Darrell rubuta biyu mafi hawan keke, "Avignon Quintet" da kuma "Tashi daga Aphrodite." Duk da haka, babu wani daga wadannan kayayyakin da ya yi irin wannan nasarar a matsayin "Quartet". Ban bar wani marubuci kuma shayari, a 1980 ya wallafa wani tarin ya waqe, da ake kira Tattara Poems.

Personal rai

Hudu aure Lorens Darrell. A marubuci ta sirri rai kuwa shi kamar yadda m kamar yadda wani aiki.

Matarsa ta farko da aka Nensi Mayers. A daidai shekara da aure babu inda ya bayyana, amma mun sani cewa, a shekarar 1935, sun kasance mata da miji. A 1940 da biyu yana da wani 'yarsa, Penelope. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru 2 Darrell warware dukan abin da dangantakar tare da matarsa da kuma ya tafi zuwa Alexandria. Nancy, bi da bi, tare da kadan Penelope ya tafi Urushalima.

A Alexandria, marubucin ya gana Eva Cohen, suka shiga wani al'amari. Darrell ko'ina daukan da yarinya da shi kamar yadda ya na sirri Sakatare. Duk da dangantaka ta kusa, Lawrence sakin Nancy a shekarar 1946, kuma a shekara daga baya ya auri Hauwa'u. A 1950, ma'auratan yana da wani 'yarsa, ya kira Sappho.

Eva shan wahala daga shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, da kuma a shekarar 1951 ta yanayin worsens. A 1953, wata mace faruwa a juyayi rashin lafiya. Dangantaka tsakanin marubuci da matarsa rincabewa.

A shekarar 1957, Darrell koma Provence da Claude Vansendon, sabon matarsa. Amma a shekarar 1966 da biyu koma Somere inda Lawrence zai rayu da sauran rayuwarsa. Claude gane ciwon daji, daga abin da ta mutu a 1967 a Zurich asibiti.

Darrell remarried a shekara ta 1974 zuwa Zhislen De Boisson, model. Duk da haka, da aure dade ba, bayan shekaru 5, ma'auratan saki.

Marubuci ya rasu Nuwamba 7, 1990 a cikin gidansa a Faransa.

Lorens Darrell: ban sha'awa facts

Tsananin magana, duk da marubuci ta rayuwa za a iya kira ban sha'awa Gaskiyar - sosai 'yan mutane davilos kamar tafiya da kuma canji jobs kamar yadda ya. Har yanzu m ne ganewa na Darrell a cikin kasar.

Duk da m shahararsa a Turai, Rasha marubuci da aka sani da ɗan'uwansu, Gerald Durrell, halittu marubuci.

Shi ne kuma marubucin da dama rubutun ga fina-finan Lorens Darrell, ban sha'awa abubuwa game da mu yanzu lissafa. Bugu da kari, ya alamar tauraro a cikin wani yawan zane-zane, da kuma Henry Miller fina-finai da kuma "Duniya a War", ya buga kansa.

"The Alexandria Quartet"

Wannan shi ne na farko da sake zagayowar na marubuci. Bugu da kari, bisa ga da sukar, shi ne Abu mafi kyau da taba rubuta Lorens Darrell. "Balthazar" - 2nd littafin a cikin jerin ne mafi mashahuri a cikin masu karatu.

The sosai guda sake zagayowar na tattaunawa game da mutum dangantaka, ji da kuma tausayi dokokin rayuwa. Kuma idan na farko labari "Justine" shi ne wani labarin soyayya, na biyu, "Balthazar", ya bayyana a cikin tarihi na siyasa da kuma jami'in overtones. Za mu iya cewa kowane m littafin da aka canza ji na karatu, kyale ka ka gani abin da ke faruwa a daya gefen.

Har ila yau a cikin jerin hada da litattafan "Mountolive", abin da ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a madadin David Mountolive da kuma "Clea", wanda kawota da ma'ana sakamako ga abin da aka bayyana a cikin littattafan farko, daga cikin jerin.