Literary sukar - wanda shi ne wannan? Rasha zargi

Literary zargi ne da wani yanki na kerawa, a kan gab da art (ie, almarar) da kuma kimiyya da shi (da wallafe-wallafen zargi). Su wane ne masana a cikin shi? Masu sukar - waɗannan mutãne ne waɗanda aka tsunduma a cikin kimantawa da kuma fassarar ayyukan ta fuskar wayewar (ciki har da ra'ayi na latsa matsaloli na ruhaniya da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa), kazalika da su na sirri views, jayayya kuma bayyana m ka'idodinta daban-daban wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyoyi, da a kan wallafe-wallafen aiwatar da aiki da tasiri, kazalika da kai tsaye shafi samuwar wani zaman sani. Suna dogara ne a kan tarihi da kuma ka'idar adabi, ilmi da kuma falsafa.

Literary zargi ne sau da yawa 'yan siyasa da Topical, aikin jaridar hali, interwoven da aikin jarida. Akwai dangantaka ta kusa da ta shafi kimiyya: kimiyyar siyasa, tarihi, matani zargi, harsuna, bibliography.

Rasha zargi

Sukar lamiri Belinsky rubuta cewa kowane zamanin kasar mu da adabi ya na kanta sani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin zargi.

Yana da wuya ba to yarda da wannan sanarwa. Rasha zargi - kamar yadda na musamman da kuma mai daukan hankali sabon abu, a matsayin gargajiya Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Ya kamata a lura. Marubuta daban-daban (sukar Belinsky, misali) ya nuna sau da dama cewa ta, kasancewa da yanayi mai roba, taka leda a babbar rawar a kasar mu da jama'a rayuwa. Bari mu tuna da shahararrun marubuta da suka kebe kansu ga nazari na litattafansu. Rasha sukar - shi ne DI Pisarev, N. Dob, AV Druzhinin, AA Grigoriev, VG Belinsky da kuma waɗansu da yawa, da labarin abin da ya ƙunshi ba kawai wani cikakken bincike na ƙwarai, amma kuma su m fasali, ideas, images. Sun nemi ganin hoton daga cikin mafi muhimmanci m zamantakewa da kuma halin kirki da matsaloli na wannan lokaci, da kuma ba kawai kama amma kuma wani lokacin bayar da nasu mafita.

The darajar zargi

Articles rubuta ta Rasha ta sukar, da kuma yanzu ta ci gaba da samun manyan tasiri a kan halin kirki da kuma rayuwar ruhaniya na al'umma. Ba su da gangan sun dade da aka kunshe a cikin sallar farilla shirin na makarantar sakandire a kasar mu. Duk da haka, darussan na adabi domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata dalibai Masana yafi tare da m articles na m fuskantarwa. Masu sukar wannan Trend - DI Pisarev, N. Dob, NG Chernyshevsky, VG Belinsky da sauransu. A wannan yanayin, ayyukan wadannan marubuta sukan gane a matsayin tushen ambato, wanda ake kariminci "ado" da dalibai su makala.

stereotypes

Wannan tsarin kula da nazari da litattafansu kafa a cikin m ji na stereotypes, da yawa don ku tsiyata da kuma rage wuya da sauran hoto na ci gaban Rasha adabi, shi ne daban-daban, na farko, da m ado da akida rigingimu.

Kawai kwanan nan, godiya zuwa fitowan da wani yawan, a-zurfin karatu, Rasha wahayi na zargi da adabi ya zama wani Multi-faceted kuma mafi voluminous. Aka buga a cikin labarin NN Strakhov, AA Grigoriev, NI Nadezhdin, IV Kireyevski, PA Vyazemsky, KN Batiushkov, NM Karamzin (ga. Nikolai Mikhailovich hoto, fentin da Tropinin, a kasa) da sauran fice marubuta na kasar mu.

Features na adabi zargi

Wallafe-wallafe - ma'adanin na kalmar, wanda na aiwatuwa a cikin aikin fasaha, da kuma a cikin jawabin da ya gabatar a kan wallafe-wallafen zargi. Saboda haka, Rasha zargi, kamar wani, ko da yaushe wani kadan da kuma marubuci, kuma artist. Mataki na ashirin da aka rubuta tare da iyawa, ya ƙunshi dole m Fusion na daban-daban da halin kirki da kuma falsafa tunani marubucin tare da zurfi da kuma dabara lura a kan ta da m rubutu. Very kadan amfani binciken samar da wani m labarin, idan dauka a matsayin irin akidarsu, ta babban arziki. duk gaya wannan marubucin yana da muhimmanci a hankalce da kuma a tunaninsu relive ga karatu domin sanin mataki na shaida na muhawara sa a gaba da su, to tunani game da dabaru na tunani. Criticism daga cikin ayyukan - ba musamman abu.

Own hangen nesa daga zargi

Masu sukar - waɗannan mutãne ne waɗanda bayyanãwa nasu hangen nesa daga cikin marubuci, bayar da nasu musamman fassarar da aiki. Mataki na ashirin da sau da yawa yana sa sake fassara da m image, ko kuma zai iya zama wani zargi na littafin. Wasu kimomi da farillai iya basira rubuta aikin bauta wa real samu ga mai karatu, amma wani abu alama mana debatable ko ba daidai ba. Musamman ban sha'awa kwatanta a kan aikin na daban-daban marubuta, ko daya aiki daga daban-daban wuraren view. Literary zargi ko da yaushe ya azurta mu da arziki abu don tunani.

A richness na Rasha wallafe-wallafen zargi

Za mu iya, misali, dubi aikin Pushkina Aleksandra Sergeevicha, VV idanu Rozanov, AA Grigorieva, VG Belinsky kuma IV Kireyevski, don matsahi na saba da hanyar gane daban litattafan Gogol ta Sahaban da waka "Matattu Rayukan" (sukar VG Belinsky, SP Shevyrev, KS Aksakov), a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19th kiyasta heroes "Bone ya tabbata daga wit "Griboyedov. Yana da matukar ban sha'awa kwatanta ji daga labari "Oblomov" Goncharova tare da hanyar da ya fassara DS Merezhkovsky da DI Pisarev. karshe hoto da aka gabatar a kasa.

Articles kishin ayyukan LN Tolstoy

Alal misali, mai ban sha'awa da wallafe-wallafen zargi kishin aikin LN Tolstoy. Ability don nuna wa "tsarki na halin kirki da hankali," "Dialectics of rai" gwarzo aiki a matsayin halayyar Tolstoy ta iyawa, daya daga cikin na farko buɗe kuma alama NG Chernyshevsky a kasidunsu. Da yake jawabi game da aikin na NN Strahov sadaukar da "War kuma aminci ya tabbata", za mu iya ce tare da cikakken dama: akwai 'yan ayyuka a cikin gida da wallafe-wallafen zargi, wanda za a iya sa gaba shi a kan zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin marubucin yana da niyyar, bisa ga bayanai da kuma daidaito na kallo.

Rasha zargi a karni na 20th

Abin lura shi ne cewa sakamakon sau da yawa acrimonious muhawara da kuma kalubale Gyaran baya Rasha zargi ya kasance da sadaukar da farkon karni na 20th zuwa "sama" da Pushkin Rasha al'adu, na da sauki da jituwa. VV Rozanov, yana shelar wajibcin wannan, ya rubuta cewa hankali na Alexander ya hana wani mutum daga duk wawa, ya karimci - daga duk maras ɗa'a.

A cikin tsakiyar 1920s, akwai wani sabon al'adu fantsama. The matasa jihar bayan yakin basasa samun, a karshe, da damar tsanani magance al'adu. A farkon rabin karni na 20th wallafe-wallafen zargi an mamaye da m makaranta. Its main wakilan - Shklovsky, Tynyanov da Eichenbaum. Formalists, kãfirtarsu da gargajiya ayyuka da cewa yin zargi - zamantakewa da siyasar, da halin kirki, didactic - nace a kan ra'ayin da 'yancin kai na adabi a kan ci gaban al'umma. A yin haka, su sun tafi a kan rinjaye a lokacin da akidar Karl Marx akida. Saboda haka, m zargi hankali zo ga ƙarshe. A m shekaru, hukuncin da aka gurguzu da labarun almara. Criticism zama a cikin hannãyenku daga jihar punitive kayan aiki. Ta aka sanya idanu da kuma aika kai tsaye zuwa jam'iyyar. A duk cikin mujallu da jaridu suka rarrabu kuma zargi na shafi.

Yau, ba shakka, da halin da ake ciki, sun canja matu.