Dmitry Merezhkovsky: biography. Poems, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich aka haife shi a 1866, a St. Petersburg. Mahaifinsa aiki a matsayin karamin fada hukuma. Dmitry Merezhkovsky da shekaru 13 ya fara rubuta wakoki. Bayan shekaru biyu, kamar yadda an makaranta, ya ziyarci tare da mahaifinsa F. M. Dostoevskogo. Babban marubuci samu waqe rauni, dake tasowa marubucin ya bayyana cewa, domin rubuta da kyau, kana bukatar ka sha wahala. A lokaci guda Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich gana da Nadson. A farko, ya yi koyi da shi a cikin Littafin waqoqi, kuma ta hanyar da shi na farko shigar da wallafe-wallafen milieu.

Bayyanar da farko tarin waqe

A 1888 ya buga na farko tarin Merezhkovsky, da ake kira kawai - "Poems". A mawãƙi nan ne wani almajiri Nadson. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani da Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky nan da nan iya daukar wani m sautin, fara magana game da farin ciki da ƙarfi, sabanin sauran kasida, ya dauki kansa almajiri na Nadson, wanda "whined" a kan su wani rauni da rashin lokaci.

Ilimi a jami'o'i, jarrabawa positivism falsafa

Dmitry tun 1884 karatu a St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow jami'o'i, Tarihi da kuma Philology. A wannan lokaci Merezhkovsky zama sha'awar falsafar positivism, da kuma sanya abokai da wadannan ma'aikatan, "Northern Herald", kamar yadda G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, ta haka suka fara fahimta a populist matsayin matsaloli ta al'umma. Passion ga wannan, duk da haka, ya kasance short-rayu. Sani da wakoki na Vladimir Soloviev da Turai Symbolists muhimmanci canza zama na gaba na mawãƙi ne. Dmitry ki yarda "matsananci jari-hujja" da kuma ke da symbolism.

Aure to Z. Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, kamar yadda muka gani da Sahaban, shi ne mai zurfin mutum, m to bari a cikin duniya na sauran mutane. Musamman muhimmanci shi ne 1889 for shi. An sa'an nan Merezhkovsky aure. Ya budurwata - a poetess Zinaida Gippius. A mawãƙi zauna tare da ita a '52, kuma bai bar mai rana. Wannan m da kuma ruhaniya ƙungiyar na matarsa da aka bayyana a cikin wanda ba a kare littafin mai suna "Dmitry Merezhkovsky". Zinaida wani "janareta" ra'ayoyi, da kuma Dmitry shirya da kuma raya su a cikin aikinsa.

Travel, translation and nazarin symbolism

A cikin marigayi 1880s kuma 1890s. Sun yi tafiya mai yawa don kasashe daban-daban a Turai. Dmitry fassara daga Latin da tsoho Greek bala'i, ya kuma amsa a matsayin wani mai zargi, da aka buga a wallafe kamar "Aiki", "Rasha Review", "Northern Herald".

Merezhkovsky a 1892, ya ba da lacca, wanda ya ba na farko nazarin symbolism. A mawãƙi da'awar cewa Impressionism, da harshen alamomin da "sufi content" iya mika "m hankali" na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Tarin "Alamomin" ya bayyana jim kadan kafin jawabin. Ya ba da sunan wani sabon Trend in shayari.

"New Poems"

"New Poems" - na uku littafin ya fito a 1896. Merezhkovsky Outlook canza tun 1899. Ya fara da za a sha'awar a cikin Kristanci, al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da cocin Katolika. A cikin labarin "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich tuna cewa lokacin tattaunawar da Dmitry aka rai, jima ko daga baya ya sauya to wannan topic - da darajar da ma'anar bishara.

Addini-falsafa tarurruka

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo matarsa a cikin kaka na 1901 samarwa da ra'ayin samar da wani na musamman al'umma da mutane falsafa da kuma addini ya tattauna da al'adu da kuma coci. Saboda haka akwai addini da kuma falsafa taron jama'a, ya shahara a cikin karni na karshe. A babban batu shi ne tabbatarwa cewa kawai wani addini akai iya yinsu Tarurrukan Rasha. Har wadannan tarurruka ya faru har 1903, tare da izni na KP Pobedonostsev, Procurator na taron majalisar Krista. Sun dauki bangare a su da kuma limaman. Ko da yake shi ba a karɓa Kiristanci "Uku Alkawari", da bege a wani mawuyacin mataki na ci gaba da kasar mu don ƙirƙirar sabon addini al'umma ya bayyana da kuma kusa da Sahaban.

Aiki a kan tarihi da litattafan

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, wanda biography mu interested in, aiki mai yawa a kan tarihi litattafan. Ya halitta, misali, da trilogy na "Kristi da kuma maƙiyin Kristi", da ainihin ra'ayin wanda yake da gwagwarmaya tsakanin dokoki biyu - Kirista da kuma arna, kuma a kira ga sabon Kiristanci a cikinsa "duniya sama" da kuma "duniya daga sama."

A 1896, akwai wani aiki na "Mutuwar daga cikin alloli." - na farko labari na trilogy. A bangare na biyu da aka buga a 1901 ( "matattu alloli. Leonardo Vinci"). Karshe labari kira "maƙiyin Kristi. Bitrus da Alex," da aka haife shi a 1905.

"Collection of waqe"

Fourth tarin "Collection of waqe", da aka saki a 1909. New waqe a cikinsa kasance kaɗan, sai wannan littafin ya m wani anthology. Duk da haka, wani takamaiman selection na ayyukan yi ta Merezhkovsky, ya ba da tarin zamani da kuma sabon abu. Yana hada da na aiki ne kawai cewa hadu da canza ra'ayi daga cikin marubucin. An samo wani sabon ma'anar haihuwa waka.

Merezhkovsky tsakanin zamani kasida da aka abruptly ajiye. Ya yi fice a wannan bayyana a cikin aikinsa overall yanayi, yayin da Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, ko da taba da "kona" da jama'a, ya yi magana da yafi game da kansa, game da nasa ra'ayi zuwa gare su. Kuma Dmitry ko da a cikin mafi m ikirari bayyana a duniya a ji, da fatan da wahala.

sabon ayyukansu

Merezhkovskys a watan Maris 1906 ya koma Paris, ya zauna can har tsakiyar 1908. A tare da haɗin gwiwar D. Filosofov kuma Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky a 1907 ya buga littafin "Le Tsar et la juyin juya halin". Ya kuma qaddamar da kafa da trilogy, "The mulkin Beast" dangane da tarihin Rasha a cikin marigayi 18th - farkon 19th ƙarni. Dmitry bayan da kashi na farko na trilogy (a 1908) da aka gabatar. A 1913, akwai wani bangare na biyu na da shi ( "Alexander I"). A karshe labari - "14 Disamba" - da aka buga a 1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Marasa lafiya Rasha" - wani littafin da ya bayyana a cikin 1910. Yana da aka hada da tarihi da kuma addini articles da aka buga a 1908 da kuma 1909. a cikin jaridar "Jawabin".

Ajiyan cinikayya Wolff bayar a cikin lokaci daga 1911 zuwa 1913. 17-girma tarin ayyukan da ya yi, da kuma Sytin a shekara ta 1914 ya bayar da hudu-girma. Cikin harsuna da yawa Merezhkovski litattafan da aka fassara, shi ne Popular a Turai. A Rasha, Dmitry Sergeyevich ayyukan da aka hõre m katsalandan - da marubuci ya yi magana fita a kan hukuma Church da autocracy.

dangantaka Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys a 1917 aka har yanzu suke zaune a Rasha. Mawãƙi na kasar a kan Hauwa'u na da juyin juya halin da aka gani a cikin hoto na "zuwan Ham." A kadan daga baya, bayan da suke zaune shekaru biyu a Soviet Rasha, ya aka tabbatar a cikin ra'ayi da cewa Bolshevism - wani halin kirki da cutar, wanda shi ne wani sakamako na rikicin na Turai Culture. Merezhkovskys fatan cewa wannan gwamnatin za a kifar, amma bayan koyo game da shan kashi na Denikin a kudu da kuma Kolchak a Siberia, ya yanke shawarar barin Petrograd.

Dmitry a karshen shekara ta 1919, ya lashe da hakkin ya karanta ya laccoci a sassa na Red Army. A Janairu 1920, shi da matarsa mayar da su cikin ƙasa, wanda aka shagaltar da Poland. Mawãƙi lectured a Minsk ga Rasha, sunã mãsu hijira. Merezhkovskys a Fabrairu koma zuwa Warsaw. Ga su suna tsunduma a cikin harkokin siyasa da ayyukan. Lokacin da Poland sanya hannu a yarjejeniya da Rasha, da matarsa da aka gamsu da cewa "Rasha kasuwanci" a kasar don kawo karshen, suka tafi don su Paris. Merezhkovskys zauna a wani Apartment tãsu tun pre-neman sauyi sau. Ga su kafa haihuwa lambobin sadarwa da kuma kafa sabon lambobin sadarwa da Rasha emigres.

Ƙaura, kafuwar "Green fitila"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky yana karkata zuwa la'akari ƙaura kamar yadda wasu irin messianism. Ya dauki kansa a ruhaniya "direban" da suke kasashen waje kawo dukkan. Merezhkovskys shirya addini-falsafa da kuma wallafe-wallafen jama'a a shekara ta 1927 "Green haske". Its shugaban ya Mr. Ivanov. "Green haske" ya buga shahararren rawa a cikin ilimi rayuwa na farko da kalaman na aura, da sõyayya da mafi kyau wakilan Rasha waje m. Lokacin da yakin duniya na II ya fara, kamfanin ya tsaya da gamuwa (a 1939).

Merezhkovskys a 1927 kafa "New Deal" - a mujallar, dade kawai a shekara. Sun kuma halarci farko majalisa na marubuta-, sunã mãsu hijira daga Rasha, da aka gudanar a watan Satumba 1928, a Belgrade (ya shirya Yugoslav gwamnati). Merezhkovsky a 1931 yana daga cikin contenders ga Nobel Prize, amma shi ya Ivan Bunin.

Support for Hitler

Merezhkovskys ƙi a Rasha kafofin watsa labarai. Rashin jituwa da aka fi mayar saboda goyon bayan da Hitler, wanda jũna a gare su a gwamnatin mafi m fiye da Stalin tsarin mulki. Merezhkovsky a cikin marigayi 1930 ta zama sha'awar farkisanci, ko da ya gana da daya daga cikin shugabannin - Mussolini. Ya ga Hitler a matsayin mai ceto Kwaminisancin Rasha, an dauke "halin kirki cuta". Bayan Jamus farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet, Dmitry sanya Jamus rediyo. Ya ce da shi "Bolshevism da Mutun", a cikin wanda ya kwatanta Hitler da Joan na Arc. Merezhkovsky ce cewa shugaban zai iya tsirar da mutane daga sharrin kwaminisanci. Bayan wannan gabatarwa, duk sun jũya daga mãtan aurensu.

mutuwa Merezhkovski

10 days kafin zama na Paris ta Jamus a watan Yuni 1940, Zinaida Gippius da Dmitry Merezhkovsky koma Biarritz a kudancin Faransa. Disamba 9, 1941 Dmitry mutu a Paris.

Collections wakoki Merezhkovsky

Mun yi magana a takaicce game da abin da shayari collections halitta Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Wadannan littattafai, duk da haka, suna da daraja mafi daki-daki, a kan su daina. Kowace daga cikin 4 collections waqe-waqe sosai halayyar.

"Poems" (1888) - a littafin a cikinsa ko da hidima a matsayin almajiri Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Ambato daga gare shi, kuma ya cancanci da hankali hada da wadannan:

"Kada ku raina taron! M da fushi

Isgilanci ba to stigmatize su baƙin da kuma bukatun. "

Wannan shi ne wani line daga daya daga cikin mafi halayyar waqe a cikin wannan littafi. Duk da haka, daga farkon Dmitry ya iya daukar wani m sautin. Kamar yadda muka gani, ya yi magana game da ikon da farin ciki. Ya waqe ne pompous, rhetorical, duk da haka, da kuma shi ne halin zama abõkan tãrayya Nadson tsoron mafi ya rhetoric, ko shi yi amfani da shi a cikin wani dan kadan daban-daban sunan, wani lokacin ɓarna,. Merezhkovsky aka juya zuwa rhetoric zuwa sonority, da kuma kwarjinin ta yaga shiru, colorless hazo, wanda aka nannade cikin rãyuwar Rasha al'umma a cikin 1880s.

"Alama" - na biyu Littafin waqe-waqe, rubuta a 1892. Shi ne sananne ga versatility. Ga zamanin d bala'i da Pushkin, Baudelaire da Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky da zamanin d Roma, birnin shayari kuma bala'i na yau da kullum. Duk da cewa ta cika dukan littattafai, duk hankalinsu zai kai 10-15 shekaru, ta shirya a cikin wannan tarin. "Alamomin" - wani littafi premonitions. Dmitry ya hango wani hari, mafi Tsayayyar zamanin. Ya ba da bayyanar Titanic taron cewa ya auku a kusa da shi ( "Ku zo, sabon annabawana!").

"New Poems" - na uku tarin waqe, rubuta a 1896. Ya fi narrower a Zangon da mamaki na rayuwa fiye da baya daya, amma da yawa sharper. Ga jin daɗi "alama" ya zama m damuwa da tsanani lyricism a waqe shige objectivity. Merezhkovsky dauki kansa a "alama" bawan "watsi da alloli." Amma da lokacin "New Poems" shi da kansa ya barranta daga wadannan gumaka, ya yi magana ya abõkan tarayya da kuma na kansa: "mu gabagadi na magana ...."

"Collection of waqe" - na karshe, na huɗu tarin (1909). Akwai 'yan sabon waqe, don haka littafin, kamar yadda muka gani a baya, shi ne wajen wani anthology. Merezhkovsky shi tuba zuwa Kristanci. Ya yarda ma gaggautsa ruwa "gabagadi" kuma bã tãre da abin bautãwa bagaden "duniya al'ada". Duk da haka, a cikin Kristanci, ya so a samu ba kawai ta'aziyya, amma kuma da makami. Duk da waqe a cikin wannan littafin an imbued tare da bege na bangaskiya.