Me Ukraine aka mai suna Ukraine? History of Ukraine

Me Ukraine aka mai suna Ukraine? Sunan wannan kasa ta farko ji a karshe kwata na goma sha biyu karni. A karo na farko da aka ambata a cikin tarihi opus "The Tale of bygone Years", inda marubucin ya gaya labarin mutuwar Prince Vladimir Pereyaslav Glebovich a 1187. Ya ce, "ya yi kuka dominsa duk Pereyaslavets ... bãyansa, Ukraine ƙwarai baƙin ciki ba." Wannan aikin saukar da manufar "Ukraine", labarin da take da kasar ta ci gaba. Kuma bayan shekaru biyu, a 118 m, an ce game da Prince Rostislav, da suka ziyarci "to Ukraine Galicia".

Tambayar da Ukraine

Me Ukraine aka mai suna Ukraine? Wannan tambaya yana da dogon sha'awar masana kimiyya, amma bayyananne amsar shi ne ba a yau. Wasu masu bincike sun bayyana asalin kalmar "baki" - Nesa daga sosai cibiyar na wani yanki na ƙasa, karkata daga wani kauye a gefen - iyakar yankin. A wasu kalmomi - ƙasar, nadi na Krajina a ƙasar haihuwarsa, wanda yake kusa a ruhu zuwa cikin kasar, ƙasar haihuwarmu. Asalin sunan Ukraine yana da daban-daban asalinsu.

A nan ne wani ra'ayi - Ukraine, kamar, zo daga kalmar "ukrayat" (yanke). A wasu kalmomin, da ma'anar kalmar Ukraine a matsayin sunan da jihar - wani yanki na ƙasar, ukrayany (yanke) daga dukan, wanda nan da nan ya zama daya-yanki (free kasar).

Akwai daban-daban versions. Asalin sunan Ukraine an haɗa da faxin: gefen Krajina (kasa). Ko da yake akwai wani fili dangane. Lokacin da ya yi da sunan Ukraine? Akwai daban-daban tunani. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya karatu asalin sunan - shi ne ba a sani ba, amma aiwatar da zargin da manufar "Ukraine" ya kasance lokaci mai tsawo da kuma yana da dama, saukarwa.

Edge maimakon unguwar

The kalmar "baki" da darajar "kashi, wani yanki na ƙasar," da aka sani tun daga zamanin Tsohon Slavonic harshe. Yau, da wannan kalma da aka samu a da yawa Slavic harsuna, saboda Slavic kabilu sun ko da yaushe yana da wani ƙasar da ya raba da na halitta iyakokin - kogin, gandun daji, fadama. Saboda wannan kalma ya kuma gagarumin - iyakar yankin ƙasar, farkon ko karshen tribal ƙasar.

Daga ina suka zo da sunan Ukraine, shi ne ban sha'awa sosai. A Old Slavonic lokacin da aka haife Maganar Krajina (kasa) a cikin darajar - da ƙasa da cewa nasa ne da kabila. Next zuwa da kalmar "baki" a cikin tsohon Slavic harshen wanzu da kalmar "sata", wanda ke nufin - yanke daga wani yanki na wani m yanki na ƙasar, matsananci iyaka da yankin mai nisa kabilar.

Krajina

Kuma duk da haka me ya sa Ukraine aka mai suna Ukraine? A tambaya shi ne da ban sha'awa sosai. Shi ne kawai daga baya tsakanin gabashin Slavs da cewa "sata" da kari na baya baki -in Ukraine akwai wata kalma cewa mattered - mai nĩsa yanki na ƙasar, m yankunan kabilar. A VI-Sabunta karni, a lokacin da lokaci Rassi Powers ciko da kalmomi "Krajina", da kuma Ukraine ya canza. Amma duk da haka me ya sa Ukraine aka mai suna Ukraine? The kalmar "Krajina" da darajar - ƙasar da kabilar, nan da nan suka fara nufi - ƙasar mulkin gargajiya sarauta, sa'an nan - ƙasar Rus. Saboda haka canja da nadi na kalmar Ukraine: da wuri na shigarwa - distal ɓangare na kabilar cikin ƙasa, yana da darajar - a contiguous ɓangare na ƙasar mulkin gargajiya sarauta, sa'an nan - ɓangare na ƙasar Rus.

sarauta

A mulkin gargajiya sau na Kievan Rus, a lõkacin da ta fara da za a ware daga Duchy, kalmar "Ukraine" ya zo nufin "sarauta". Bari mu dubi duk guda, daga abin da ya zo da sunan Ukraine. Masana kimiyya da daban-daban ji na kalmar Ukraine: Kiev matsayin da kan iyaka da ƙasar yankin Pereiaslav ƙasar, lakabi da Ukraine saboda shi aka kẽwayesu a kan Polovtsian ƙasar. kamar Rasha a cikin style of data kasance raba mulkoki. kamar duk gaba ɗaya Kievan Rus. Amma, mafi m, da tarihin kira Ukraine kawai Pereyaslavskaya ƙasa. Kawai ba, domin shi ne a kan iyakar kasar da ta Polovtsian steppe, kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai wani raba sarauta, wannan raba ƙasar (Krajina).

Ukraine - kasar

Kasar sunan Ukraine, cewa kasar, ya bayyana a lokacin. Kuma a sa'an nan, ban da Pereyaslavska Ukraine Ukraine sun daban-daban daga data kasance mulkoki da sauran m Ukraine. Ukraine nan a ji na kasar - Pereyaslavskaya kasar Kiev kasa da sauransu.

An sani daga tarihin, wanda ya furta cewa, "Prince Rostislav biya ziyara zuwa Ukraine, Galicia kuma daga can suka tafi Galich." Wannan kalmar "Ukraine" nufi mai raba kasar, mai raba sarauta, sosai gani daga zamani kwatancin.

History of Ukraine ce cewa tare da kalmar "Ukraine" ya rayu kuma da kalmar "gefe" - ɓangare na kan iyaka tribal asashe. Wadannan kalmomi bai nufin abu guda, amma daban-daban a cikin ma'anar: "Ukraine" (Sunan na jihar) - wannan shi ne wani karamin sashi na ƙasar kabilar, "gefe" - wani iyaka ƙasar kabilar, sa'an nan da mulkin gargajiya sarauta.

Lithuania da kuma Poland

Tun da rabin karni XIV jam'i mulkokin Kiev Rus, wanda daga baya kafa Ukrainian mutane, zo karkashin ikon mallakar Lithuania da kuma Poland. Tun daga nan, da sunan Ukraine da an amfani da yankuna auku a karkashin wannan ikon. Karkashin Lithuania sun Chernihiv, Kyiv, Pereiaslav kuma mafi yawan Volyn sarauta, da kuma kira dukan Lithuania Ukraine da Poland sun kasance a ƙarƙashin Galich, Volyn kuma wani ɓangare na ƙasar da ake kira Yaren mutanen Poland da Ukraine.

Da zuwan ƙasar Dnieper Cossacks aka kira Cossack Ukraine. History of Ukraine game da shi ya ce a cikin song - "oh duwãtsu, a cikin kwaruruka, da a kan Cossack Ukraine ..."

Khmelnitsky

A lokacin yaki da Ukrainians da sandunan a karkashin jagorancin Bogdana Hmelnitskogo (1648-1654 shekaru) Ukraine Zaporozhye kira ba kawai ƙasa, kuma amma duk da Dnieper. Mafi m, daga wannan lokacin Ukraine fara kira dukan ƙasar. Sa'an nan wannan sunan yada wa Gabas Slavic asashe, kazalika a Slobozhanschyna cewa lokaci kadan aka kira Sloboda Ukraine. A yammacin ƙasashen na dogon lokaci da aka kira Rus ', amma nan da nan ya zama sunan da' yan qasar Ukraine ga mutanen da dukan kabilar Ukrainians jihar.

Tarihi na kalmar

Ukraine - inda sunan fãra shi? The asali ra'ayi na yanayin Ukraine ƙarshe zama na kasa ra'ayin, wanda sõyayya da juna irin wannan ƙasashe kamar yadda Polissia Sivershchyna, Sloboda, da Donets Basin, Black Sea yankin, Volyn, Podolia, Bukovina Carpathian da Transcarpathia.

Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci sosai ga Ukrainians shi ne cewa da kalmar "Ukraine" na nufin sunan na kasar, halitta da Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. Lalle, ba daga abin da karkata daga cikin Rasha Empire, shi ya ba. Idan gefe, shi ne iya, karkata daga cikin Slavic kabilu. Bayan duk, gabashin Slavs shagaltar kawai matsananci ƙasar Slavs. Saboda haka, idan kun ƙidaya, gefe da Ukraine, da gefe na Slavic al'ummai.

labarin

Tarihi ... Wannan shi ne wata kalma da muka ji a kowace rana, amma kada gani a kan gravitas. A sakamakon cewa Ukraine samu 'yancin kai, Ukrainians sun zama sha'awar a tarihin mutanen. Bayan duk, kawai sanin da zai sa shi yiwuwa a gane ba da kuma gina wani haske nan gaba. An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilmi na tarihi, ya buga da ajiye memos. Kuma ya ci gaba da tarihi memory na mutane domin nan gaba zamaninsu da kuma ya yi nazarin shi ne ake kira gidajen tarihi.

A tarihin Ukraine da mutanen da zauna wannan ƙasa, yana da saiwoyinsa a zamanin da. Kiliya sosai farko mutane da aka gani a kan ƙasa na m Ukraine da yawa daruruwan dubban shekaru da suka wuce, a farkon Paleolithic. Man otvoovyval daga yanayin wadannan yankuna da kuma albarkatun kasa da subsoil. Daga m siffofin taro, farauta da kama kifi, ya koma da aikin noma da kuma dabbobi husbandry. A muhimmanci sosai alama a cikin rikitarwa tarihi na Ukrainian wakilan bar Tripoli al'ada a IV-III karni BC. Tripoltsy su ne mafi m 'yan adam a cikin Neolithic lokaci. Su ne mafi yawa tsunduma a aikin noma, kumar kasko kuma yi. A sakamakon fadada daga cikin makiyaya da kuma sanyaya na sauyin yanayi, wannan al'ada hankali bace. Bayan haka, Ukrainian yankuna sun rayuwa da kuma Sarmatians, kuma kemmeriytsy, kuma Scythians. A sosai babban tasiri a kan mutanen da suke zaune a cikin sararin expanses na Ukraine, ya Greek kasa.

gabas Slavs

Eastern Slavs tushen na yau da aka ba musamman karatu. Predslavyansky lokaci saboda bayyanar a dama-banki gandun daji-steppe Dnieper Zarubintsy al'ada, wanda shi ne na hadin gwiwa domin duk Slavs. Slavs farko yi tunani a cikin ayyukan Tacitus, Talomi kira "Wends". Suka zauna a cikin Baltic Sea yankin. Sa'an nan, a tsakiyar na Millennium BC daga wends bambanta biyu kungiyoyin na Slavs - Antes da sklaviany. Antes sun shagaltar da ƙasa daga Danube zuwa Tekun Azov da kai gabashin reshe na Slavs. Su ne mafi yawa tsunduma a aikin noma da kuma dabbobi husbandry. Sun sayi kayan cinikinki da biranen Arewacin Black Sea-Powers da kasashen larabawa. kasar tsarin siyasa ya demokra] iyya. Don jagoranci kasar, Prince, kuma foreman. Amma yana da muhimmanci sosai ga kasar yanke shawarar Veche - Mutane na Majalisar.

An fara daga VII karni, a can yana da tunanin da Slavs. Farkon Slavs zaunar da yafi tare da bankunan na koguna da tabkuna. Bukka suka yi da itace da kuma lãka. Na'urar da aka a tribal siyasa ji haushi. Land mallakar mafi yawa manyan HALITTAR - patriarchal ƙungiyoyi daga jinsin. Jama'a yanayi farkon Slavs halin da miƙa mulki daga dadadden tsari zuwa soja pedigree. Sa'an nan da ikon yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar gado. A rayuwa da kuma aiki na Eastern Slavs da kullum da aka kakkarfan dangankata da yanayi da kuma iyali. Wannan aza aikin share fage Slavic al'adu.

al'ada

Popular al'adu ya taka rawa a cikin hadisai na Ukrainian mutane. A cikin tsohon kwana, a lokacin da ganiya na mulkin gargajiya jama'a ya soma Katolika da kuma al'adar Turai, da kuma saman Cossack jami'an zama Russified, Ukrainian al'umma ci gaba ba tare da wata kasa al'adu Elite. Kawai talakawa sun gudanar da wani da al'adu, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne kasa. Babban wuri a cikin al'adun juna biyu almara, wato jama'a hadisai da kuma launi. Duk wannan shi ne a fili sosai da za a gani a cikin jama'a songs, ballads. Godiya ga mutane, ya zama zai yiwu tada Ukrainian al'ada a cikin XVI-XVII ƙarni da wani Tarurrukan a cikin XIX karni.

Mutane da yawa talented Ukrainians sun gudummawar da Yaren mutanen Poland, Rasha, duniya al'ada a matsayin dukan. Wannan ya yiwu godiya ga wani rarrabe tsarin ilimi, saboda abin da yawan jama'a da aka kullum ilimi. Har ila yau babbar kasance rawar da Ukraine-Rus 'a matsayin cibiyar Kristanci a cikin Eastern Slavs. A mafi girma ilimi tsarin da aka musamman ci gaba. Ukrainian al'adu ya kasance a bude ga duniya, babu kyamar baki da kuma ba bil'adama. A babbar gudunmawar da duniya al'adunmu da aka yi da irin wannan falsafa, masu kasida da kuma shahararrun mutane kamar kwanon rufi, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko da yawa wasu.

A sauran kasashen Turai da matsaloli na talauci, cuta, jahilci zai iya shawo kan ta fasaha ci gaba, tare da taimakon da wadanada na ajiya. Kuma a cikin Ukraine, kira ga kai-sani, 'yanci, ga abin da za ka iya barin da-ana haifar da gaba da rai na ruhaniya. A halin yanzu, irin hanyoyi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga dukan 'yan adam. Saboda haka ko da yake a lokacin da akwai sunan Ukraine, kamar dai babu wanda zai iya ce, amma a gaskiya wannan ya kasance wani muhimmin lokaci na sararin al'umma - shi ne mai yiwuwa a tabbatar da tare da amincewa.