Mene ne kamuwa da cuta: definition, halaye da kuma iri daban-daban

A yanayi mai cike da wani babbar dama "mazauna", tsakanin wanda akwai da dama daga kwayoyin kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, fungi, protozoa. Za su iya rayuwa a cikin m jituwa da mutum (ba pathogenic), ya wanzu a cikin jiki ba tare da haddasa cutar da al'ada yanayi, amma zama aiki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu dalilai (opportunistic) da kuma ya kasance da hadari da mutane, haifar da ci gaban da cuta (pathogens). Duk wadannan matsalolin da lãbãri ga ci gaban da wani dauke da kwayar cutar tsari. Mene ne kamuwa da cuta, abin ne daban da kuma halaye - dauke a cikin labarin.

asali Concepts

Kamuwa da ake kira hadaddun dangantaka na daban-daban kwayoyin, wanda yana da babban kewayon bayyananen - daga asymptomatic karusa ga ci gaban da cutar. A tsari ne sakamakon gabatarwar kananan kwayoyin (virus, naman gwari, kwayoyin) zuwa rayuwa macroorganism, a mayar da martani ga rundunar cewa taso daga takamaiman tsaro dauki.

Features kamuwa da cuta:

1. Contagiousness - ikon da sauri yada daga rashin lafiya mutum zuwa da lafiya.
2. Bayani dalla-dalla - wasu takamaiman kananan kwayoyin haifar da cuta wadda yake hali na ta bayyana, kuma sarrafawa a Kwayoyin ko kyallen takarda.
3. Tazara - Kowane dauke da kwayar cutar tsari yana da lokaci na tafarkinsa.

lokaci

A ra'ayi na kamuwa da cuta ne kuma bisa ga cyclicity na pathological tsari. A gaban lokaci a cikin ci gaban da halayyar ga kowane irin cututtuka:

1. A shiryawa zamani - lokacin da elapses daga lokacin gabatarwar kananan kwayoyin a cikin jikin halitta mai rai kamar dai akwai na farko na asibiti ãyõyin cuta. Wannan lokaci na iya wuce daga 'yan sa'o'i zuwa shekaru da dama.
2. prodromatsii lokaci - fitowan da na kowa asibiti halayyar masu rinjaye na pathologic matakai (ciwon kai, wani rauni, gajiya).
3. M bayyanar cututtuka - ganiya cuta. A wannan lokacin, ci gaba na musamman cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta a cikin wani kurji hankula da zazzabi masu lankwasa bugawa gida kyallen takarda.
4. Warwarewa - lokacin nau'i nau'i na asibiti hoto da kuma haƙuri ta dawo.

Nau'in na dauke da kwayar cutar matakai

Don ganin ƙarin bayanai game da batun cewa irin wannan kamuwa da cuta, kana bukatar ka fahimci abin da shi ne. Akwai wani gagarumin yawan sukayi fassara dangane da asalin, igiyoyin, sarrafawa, yawan da ake dasu damuwa, da sauransu. D.

1. A cikin wannan hanya shigar azzakari cikin farji na pathogens:

• Exogenous tsari - ne halin da shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin pathogen daga waje yanayi.
• na ciki tsari - activates mallaki halin yanaye pathogenic microflora a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m dalilai.

2. By asalin:

• maras wata-wata tsari - halin da rashi na mutum baki.
• Pilot - kamuwa bred artificially a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

3. Bisa ga yawan kwayoyin:

• monoinfection - lalacewa ta hanyar guda jinsunan da pathogen.
• gauraye - da hannu da dama iri pathogens.

4. Domin:

• primary tsari - kawai ya bayyana cuta.
• secondary tsari - bi ta Bugu da kari na kara dauke da kwayar cutar Pathology a kan bango na farko cuta.

5. sarrafawa:

• tabo siffar - kananan kwayoyin ne kawai a wuri ta hanyar abin da shiga cikin rundunar kwayoyin.
• kowa yana da tsari - da pathogens yada a ko'ina cikin jiki tare da kara subsidence a wasu fi so wuraren.

Idan germs watsu a cikin jini, amma ba su ninka akwai, a yanayin da ake kira viremia (da causative wakili - cutar), bacteremia (kwayoyin), fungemia (fungi), parasitaemia (protozoa). A cikin hali na jini multiplication na pathogens tasowa sepsis.

6. bisa ikon Allah:

• m kamuwa da cuta - yana da wani haske asibiti hoto kuma yana ba fiye da 'yan makonni.
• kullum kamuwa da cuta - halin da kasãla Trend, zai iya wuce shekaru da dama, da shi yana da exacerbation (da komowa).

7. A shekaru Accessories:

• "Yaro" cututtuka - yawanci shafi yara dake da shekaru 2 da shekaru 10 da haihuwa (kaza pox, diphtheria, da mulufi zazzabi, whooping tari).
• "Adult kamuwa da cuta," manufar kanta ba, kamar yadda da pathogens cewa sa cuta ci gaban a manya, da yaro ta jiki kamar yadda m.

Akwai manufar reinfection da kuma superinfection. A cikin farko case, wani mutum wanda ya gaba daya warke bayan da cutar kamu sake ta wannan pathogen. By superinfection reinfection ya auku ko da a cikin shakka daga cuta (pathogen damuwa an laminated a kan juna).

fadowa hanyar

Akwai wadannan shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kwayoyin da cewa samar da canja wurin da pathogens daga yanayi a cikin rundunar kwayoyin:

• fecal-baka (alimentary kunshi, ruwa da kuma wani contact-gida).
• transmissible (jini) - ya hada da jima'i, parenteral kuma ta cizon kwari.
• aerogenic (Airborne turɓãya da Airborne).
• tuntube-jima'i, contact-rauni.

Domin mafi pathogens ne halin da takamaiman hanyar shigar azzakari cikin farji, a Macro-kwayoyin. Idan baza inji aka katse, cutar na iya ba bayyana ko worsen a cikin manifestations.

Sarrafawa kamuwa da cuta

Dangane da abin ya shafa yankin, da wadannan iri cututtuka:

1. Hanji. A pathological aiwatar daukan wuri a cikin gastrointestinal fili, da wakili shiga fecal-baka hanya. Wadannan sun hada da salmonellosis, dysentery, rotavirus, typhoid zazzabi.
2. Numfashi. A tsari na faruwa a manya da ƙananan numfashi fili, kananan kwayoyin halitta suna "motsi", a mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar iska (mura, adenovirus kamuwa da cuta, parainfluenza).
3. Na waje. Pathogens sama da fata da kuma mucous membranes, haddasa fungal kamuwa da cuta, scabies, microspores STDs.
4. Jini. Kamuwa da cuta ya shiga ta cikin jini, ana ɗauke da kara a ko'ina cikin jiki (HIV, hepatitis B, wata cuta dangantaka da cizon kwari).

hanji cututtuka

La'akari da wani musamman pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin misali na daya daga cikin kungiyoyin - hanji cututtuka. Mene ne kamuwa da cuta na narkewa kamar fili da mutumin, da kuma yadda yake bambanta?

Cututtuka wakilci kungiyoyin za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta daga kwayan cuta, fungal da kuma kwayar asalin. Kwayar kwayoyin iya zuwa shiga cikin daban-daban sassan na hanji fili, suna dauke rotaviruses da enteroviruses. Sun iya ba kawai don yada ta fecal-baka hanya, amma kuma droplets bugawa da epithelium daga cikin manya na numfashi fili da kuma haddasa herpetic ciwon makogwaro.

Kwayan cututtuka (Salmonella, dysentery) suna daukar kwayar cutar na musamman da fecal-baka hanya. Cututtuka fungal asalin faruwa a mayar da martani ga canje-canje a cikin ciki jiki, tasowa a karkashin mataki na maganin rigakafi ko dogon lokacin da amfani da hormonal shirye-shirye, a immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus hanji kamuwa da cuta, wadda magani dole ne m da kuma dace, bisa manufa, kazalika da wani ciwo ne da rabi na asibiti lokuta da kwayar dauke da kwayar cutar hanji pathologies. An kamuwa da mutum yana dauke kawo hadari ga al'umma tun ƙarshen shiryawa zamani har sai da cikakken maida.

Rotavirus hanji kamuwa da cuta a cikin yara ya auku fiye da wuya fiye da a manya. Mataki m manifestations tare da wani asibiti hoto wadannan:

• ciki zafi.
• zawo (stool yana da wani haske launi, na iya zama jini najasa).
• amai.
• hyperthermia.
• runny hanci.
• kumburi daga cikin makogwaro.

Rotavirus hanji kamuwa da cuta a yara a mafi yawan lokuta yana tare da annobar cutar a makarantu da kuma preschools. By da shekaru 5, mafi yara sun samu a kan kaina mataki na rotaviruses. Wadannan kamuwa faruwa ba kamar yadda wuya kamar yadda na farko na asibiti hali.

m kamuwa da cuta

Mafi yawan marasa lafiya bukata m baki, suna sha'awar wannan tambaya na abin da irin m kamuwa. Wannan shi ne guda aiwatar da jikin mutum hulda da pathogen, kawai abin da ke faruwa a kan bango na aiki ko bukata m baki don mayar da ayyuka tare da wasu cutar.

Shin m (surkin jini, surkin jini, musamman, anaerobic) da kullum tsari (musamman da nonspecific).

Ya danganta da wurin da m kamuwa da cuta da ruwan dare cuta:

• da taushi tsokoki.
• gidajen abinci da kuma kasusuwa.
• kwakwalwa da kuma ta Tsarin;
• na kogon ciki.
• thoracic kogo.
• pelvic gabobin.
• mutum aka gyara ko gabobin (mammary gland shine yake, goga, dakatar da sauransu. d.).

Jamiái daga m cututtuka

A halin yanzu, mafi m "baƙi" m surkin jini matakai su ne:

• aureus.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• enterococcus.
• E. coli.
• streptococcus.
• Proteus.

Gateway su shigar azzakari cikin farji ne daban-daban raunuka na mucous membranes da fata, abrasions, cizon, scratches, ducts gland (gumi da sebaceous). Idan mutum yana da kullum foci jari na kwayoyin (na kullum tonsillitis, rhinitis, hakorin lalata), suka zama wani dalili na rabuwa na pathogens a ko'ina cikin jiki.

kamuwa da cuta magani

A zuciya na zubar da pathological microflora causal magani ne da nufin kawar da Sanadin cutar. Dangane da irin wakili amfani da wadannan kungiyoyin na medicaments:

1. Maganin rigakafi (idan pathogen - kwayoyin). Zabi wani rukuni na antibacterial jamiái da kuma yin musamman miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan tushen da bacteriological jarrabawa da kuma tabbatar da dalilin da mutum ji na ƙwarai daga kananan kwayoyin.
2. Antiviral (idan causative wakili - cutar). A a layi daya, ta amfani da kwayoyi da karfafa defenses na jikin mutum.
3. Antifungal jamiái (idan causative wakili - da naman gwari).
4. Worming (idan pathogen - tsutsotsi ko mafi sauki).

Jiyya na cututtuka a yara a karkashin 2 shekaru ana kashe a wani asibiti, domin kauce wa yiwu rikitarwa.

ƙarshe

Bayan abin da ya faru da cutar, da ciwon musamman pathogen, gwani ciyarwa bambantawa da kuma kayyade bukatar arin. Tabbata a saka sunan wani takamaiman cuta ganewar asali, ba kawai da kalma "kamuwa da cuta". A tarihin da cutar, wanda ba haihuwa a asibiti magani, ya ƙunshi dukkan bayanai game da matakai na bincike da kuma lura da wani musamman kamuwa da cuta. Tare da babu bukatar hospitalize da haƙuri duk irin wadannan bayanai da aka rubuta a cikin taswirar outpatient.