Mene ne mafi girma da lambar? The most da kuma karami yawan

Lokacin da wani mutum kawai koyon imani da shi da isasshen yatsu don sanin cewa biyu Santa tafiya a cikin kogo, yana da kasa da wani garke na dutse. Amma da zaran ya ankara da cewa irin wannan positional lamba (lambar yana da wani musamman wuri a cikin wani dogon layin), ya fara mamaki: abin da ke gaba, abin da shi ne mafi girma da lambar?
Tun daga nan, da mafi kyau zukatan fara kama, yadda za a lissafta wadannan dabi'u, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, da yadda za a endow su da ma'ana.

Dige a karshen jerin

Lokacin da dalibai suna gabatar da asali ra'ayi na halitta lambobi, da gefuna lambobin cikin hikima sa da dige da bayyana cewa mafi girma da kuma mafi karami yawan - wani category na da ma'ana. Yana da kullum zai yiwu a kasa mai yawan ƙara daya, kuma shi ba zai zama mafi girma. Amma ci gaba ba zai kasance da zai yiwu, idan ta kasance ba ga wadanda suke so don samun ma'anar a wuraren da shi kada ta kasance.

Dawwama lambar jerin, ban da chilling da kuma maras bayyani falsafa dabi'u, halitta a zalla fasaha matsaloli. Dole na yi nema nadi ga manya-manyan lambobi. A farko wannan da aka yi dabam ga manyan harshen kungiyoyin, kuma da ci gaban duniya ya bayyana kalmomi, shi ne mafi girma da lambar, kowa a duniya.

Ten, mutum ɗari, mutum dubu

Kowane harshe ga lambobin da m muhimmancin, sami kansa sunan.

A Rasha shi ne na farko, kuma farkon lamba daga sifili zuwa goma. Up zuwa daruruwan kara lambobin aka kira da a kan su akai, tare da kadan canji a cikin tushen - "ashirin" (biyu na goma), "talatin" (uku na goma), da dai sauransu, ko kuma su gyara na "ashirin da daya", "hamsin da hudu .. ". Togiya - maimakon "chetyredtsat" muna da mafi m, "arba'in".

A mafi biyu lambar lamba - "casa'in da tara," - a fili sunan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, daga nasu na gargajiya sunayen - "da ɗari" da "dubu", sauran an kafa daga dama haduwa. A halin da ake ciki shi ne irin wannan a sauran kowa harsuna. Shi ne ma'ana ga tunanin cewa kafa sunayen da aka ba lambobin da Figures, wanda aikatã game da yawancin talakawa mutane. Ko da yake dubu shugaban dabbõbi iya gabatar da wani talakawa baƙauye. Tare da miliyan daya da aka fi da wuya, da kuma rikice ya fara.

Million, quintillion, detsilliard

A tsakiyar karni XV Faransa Nikolya Shuke designate mafi girma da lambar, da sunan da aka nuna da tsarin a kan tushen da na kowa numerals tsakanin masana kimiyya Latin. A Rasha, sun halartar wani canji ga sauƙi na pronunciation:

• 1 - Unus - Univ.
• 2 - Duo, Bi (biyu) - Duo, guda biyu.
• 3 - suna Três - uku.
• 4 - Quattuor - Quadri.
• 5 - Quinque - fifths.
• 6 - Sex - Sexten.
• 7 - Septem - Satumba
• 8 - Octo - Octy.
• 9 - Novem - noni.
• 10 - Decem - deci.

Dalili na sunayen da aka yi -illion, daga "miliyan" - "fiye da dubu." -. Watau 1 000 000 - 1000 ^ 2 - dubu a cikin square. Wannan kalma, to ambaci most yawan, buga sanannen seafarer Marco Polo, kuma masanin kimiyya. Saboda haka, mutum dubu a cikin na uku mataki ya zama tiriliyan 1000 ^ 4 - quadrillion. Wani Bafaranshe - Pelletier - miƙa ga lambobin da suke da Shyuke kira "daya dubu miliyan" (10 ^ 9), "dubu biliyan" (10 ^ 15) da sauransu. e., yi amfani da kawo karshen "-illiard". Sai ya juya daga cewa biliyan daya - shi ke biliyan 10 ^ 15 - wasan biliyard, a naúrar da 21 sifili - trilliard da sauransu.

Terminology Faransa lissafi fara da za a yi amfani da a kasashen da dama. Amma a hankali ya bayyana cewa 10 ^ 9 A wasu rubuce-rubucen zama sananne ba biliyoyin. Kuma a Amurka sun soma wani tsarin da wanda karshen -illion samu digiri a miliyan, kamar Faransa ba, amma dubbai. A sakamakon haka, a yau akwai biyu Sikeli a duniya, "dogon" da "short". Don gane da abin da lambar da ake nufi da sunan, misali, quadrillion, shi ne mafi alhẽri bayyana abin da mataki na gina lambar 10. Idan 15th - shi ne "short" sikelin soma da Amurka, Canada, Birtaniya da kuma da dama wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da a Rasha (ko da yake mu ba 10 ^ biliyan 9 da kuma biliyan daya), idan 24 - shi ne "dogon", soma a mafi yankuna na duniya.

Tredetsillion, vigintilliard da milleillion

deci da kuma kafa detsillion - - Bayan na karshe lambar shi ne mafi girma da dama daga cikin mafi used ba tare da nagartaccen kalma-tsarin - 10 ^ 33 da gajeren sikelin, domin wadannan haduwa da dacewa ragowa ana amfani da kari kafin kalma. Samu hadaddun fili sunayen kamar tredetsillion- 10 ^ 42, kvindetsillion - 10 ^ 48 da haka unformulated, nasu sunayen daga cikin Romawa girmama: .. Ashirin - viginti, ɗari - da dubu centum - mille. Wadannan dokokin Shyuke iya ganin wani ƙarshe ta samar da sunayen dodanni. Alal misali, yawan 10 ^ 308 760 kira dutsentduomilianongentnovemdetsillion.

Amma wadannan constructions ne ban sha'awa kawai wata iyaka yawan mutane - ba su da amfani a yi, da kuma wadannan dabi'u da kansu suke ba a ɗaure har zuwa msar tambayar matsaloli ko theorems. Shi ne don zalla msar tambayar gina su ne yawan Refayawa, wani lokacin bi da sosai sonorous sunayen ko kira su da marubucin sunan.

Dark Tuli asaṃkhyeya

Tambaya babbar lambobin na firgita da kuma "pre-kwamfuta" tsara. A Slavs akwai da dama da lambar tsarin, a wasu da suka samu mai girma Heights: mafi girma da lambar - 10 ^ 50. Names of lambobin daga tsawo na lokacin mu ze zama shayari, kuma duk ko da suka yi amfani ma'anar, da aka sani kawai masana tarihi da kuma masana ilimin harsuna: 10 ^ 4 - "duhu kuwa,", 10 ^ 5 - "Tuli", 10 ^ 6 - "leodr" 10 ^ 7 - Vranje, hankãka, 10 ^ 8 - "bene."

Babu kasa kyau da suna da lambar asaṃkhyeya aka ambata a cikin addinin Buddha matani a zamanin da na Sin da kuma tsohuwar India tarin na sutras. A gwada yawa darajar asaṃkhyeya masu bincike kawo sunayensu a matsayin 10 ^ 140. Don gane shi cikakken Allah ma'ana: cewa shi ne nawa cosmic hawan keke dole wuce rai da za a tsarkake dukkan jiki, tara a kan wani dogon hanyar abu akan sake haihuwa da kuma isar da ni'ima Jihar Nirvana.

Googol, googolplex

A lissafi, a Jami'ar Columbia (USA) Edward Kasner tun farkon 1920s ya fara tunani game da manyan lambobin. A musamman, yana sha'awar a cikin sonorous da ma'ana sunan ga wani kyakkyawan lamba 10 ^ 100. Wata rana sai ya kasance yana tafiya tare da dan'uwa da kuma ya gaya musu game da wannan lambar. Nine shekara Milton shawarar Sirotta kalma googol - googol. Uncle samu daga dan'uwa da kuma wani bonus - wani sabon adadin, wanda suka bayyana a matsayin haka: a naúrar, kuma kamar yadda mutane da yawa zeros kamar yadda za ka iya rubuta, duk da haka ba a duk gaji. Name wannan adadin ya googolplex. Bayan tunani, Kashner yanke shawarar cewa wannan zai zama da lambar da 10 ^ googol.

Ma'ana a cikin irin wannan lambobin Kashner gani mafi koyarwa: kimiyya ba su san wani abu a irin wannan adadin a matsayin zuwa nan gaba lissafi daga su misali, ya bayyana yadda mafi girma yawan iya adana sabanin rashin iyaka.

Smart ra'ayin ambata sunayen da kadan geniuses yaba da kafa kamfanin da ya inganta sabon search engine. googol yankin ya aiki da kuma yana da harafin o, amma akwai wani sunan, ga abin da adadin ephemeral iya zama taba real - kamar yadda mutane da yawa hannun jari zai zama daraja.

Shannon lambar, da yawan Schiusa, medzon, megiston

Ba kamar lissafin kimiyya, lokaci-lokaci a guje a fadin gazawar hõre ta yanayi, lissafi ci gaba da hanya zuwa ga rashin iyaka. A lover of wasan na dara Klod Shennon (1916-2001) cike da tunani na lamba 10 ^ 118 - sosai zabin matsayi na iya faruwa a cikin 40 motsa.

Stanley Schiusa daga Afirka ta Kudu da aka tsunduma a daya daga cikin bakwai ayyuka kunshe a cikin jerin daga cikin "Millennium Challenge" - Riemann jarrabawa. Ta zo don gano alamu a rarraba Firayim lambobi. A cikin shakka daga tattaunawa da ya yi amfani da farko na 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 34, ya nuna su Sk ₁ bi ta 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 963 - na biyu yawan Schiusa - Sk _2.

Don aiki da wadannan lambobin ba su ma dace da saba rikodi tsarin. Gugo Shteyngauz (1887-1972) samarwa da yin amfani da lissafi siffofi: n a alwatika - shi n ga ikon n, n Squared - n in n triangles, n a cikin da'irar - mai n in n murabba'ai. Ya bayyana cewa, tsarin da misali lambobi na Mega - 2 a cikin da'irar, medzon - 3 a cikin da'irar, megiston - 10 a cikin da'irar. Saboda haka yana da wuya a gano, misali, da most biyu lambar lamba, amma aiki tare da babban yawa sanya sauki.

Farfesa Donald Knuth da shawarar da kibiya tsarin rubutu, a cikin abin da sake erection na da ikon nuna kibiya, wanda aka dauka daga cikin al'adar shirye-shirye. Googol a cikin wannan harka kama wani 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 2 da kuma googolplex - 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 2.

Graham ta lambar

Ronald Graham (. P 1935), American lissafi, a wani binciken da Ramsey ka'idar dangantawa da hypercubes - Multi-girma na lissafi gawarwakin - sun gabatar da musamman yawan G ₁ - G ₆₄ a cikin abin da ya kayyade hukuncin iyaka, inda na sama da iyaka shi ne mafi girma da mahara na lamba, Karbar sunansa. Ya ko da fitar da siffa karshe 20 lambobi, da farko data kasance da wadannan dabi'u:

- G ₁ = 3 ↑↑↑↑ 3 = 8.7 x 10 ^ 115.

- G = ₂ 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (kibiyoyi da sauri fiye da kowane lambar = G _1).

- G ₃ = 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (yawan = G ₂ sauri fiye da kowane kibau).

...

- G = ₆₄ 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (sauri fiye da kowane yawan kibiyoyi ₆₃ = G)

G _64, G wakiltar guda, kuma shi ne a duniya, most yawan amfani a cikin ilmin lissafi lissãfi. An rubuta su a littafin records. Sallama da shi zuwa ga sikelin ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba, ba cewa dukan girma na duniya da aka sani ga mutumin da aka bayyana a cikin karami naúrar na girma (a shigen sukari da gefen Planck tsawon (10 ^-35 m)), ya nuna a lamba 10 ^ 185.