Mene ne portico, kuma me ya sa aka bukace ta?

Don amsa wannan tambaya, abin da portico ne quite sauki. Wannan gine-gine da rabi, amfani da mutane tun daga zamanin d ¯ a Girka. Idan ka yi tunanin cewa ba sai ya gan shi, kai ne kuskure. Take a look at zamani Rasha banknote ƙungiyõyi na $ 100, a daya gefen, wanda ya nuna ginin Bolshoi Theater. Forward na takwas ginshikan, lashe tare da wani triangular rufin, a kan abin da mutum-mutumi na Apollo a Quadriga aiki Klodt - wannan ne portico. Kuma shi ke game da inda kuma a lokacin da ya yi wannan gine-gine da rabi, wasu daga cikin shahararrun gine-gine ƙawata shi, kokarin gaya maka a cikin wannan labarin.

Mene ne wannan?

The kalmar "shirayin" da aka samu daga Latin porticus, wanda ke nufin "gallery". Portico a gine - mai protruding ɓangare na tsarin kafa ta irin goyon bayan mambobin cewa goyi bayan rufi, kamar ginshikan, arches da pilasters. Yawanci, shi ne a daure a ciki garun ginin da yake bude a daya ko fiye waje jam'iyyun. Saboda haka, wannan kashi kunshi uku main sassa: ginshikan, bisa laákari da entablature da pediment, crowning dukan tsarin. Mene ne wani portico? Hotuna gabatar a kasa, ya nuna wannan sosai.

Domin da farko lokacin da portico da aka yi ta Greek gine-ginen. Su yi amfani da shi ba kawai a matsayin wani gine-gine da rabi, amma kuma a matsayin tsayawar-shi kadai tsarin. Daga zamanin d Girkanci portico aka aro, kuma daga baya nasarar amfani da magina a zamanin d Roma. Daga can ta bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma yana da babban tasiri a kan da yawa Turai al'adu. Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan portico aka sani a na da Turai, inda ya yi wa ado da facades na majami'u da kuma manyan gidãje. Mai girma shahararsa ya ji dadin a Turai classicism XVIII-XIX ƙarni.

Me ya sa aka bukace ta?

Gine-ginen amfani da wannan kashi na warware matsaloli daban-daban:

• don rajista daga cikin manyan ƙofar gini.
• kamar yadda a kumshin cuta tsakanin ciki da bukukuwan amfanin ƙasa.
• a matsayin karshe kashi na sarari tsakiyar axis fada gungu.

iri

Magana ne game da abin da wani portico, yana da muhimmanci a lura da manyan yawan da jinsin. Idan ba ka shiga cikin gine-gine da kuma yi cikakken bayani, mafi sauki rarrabuwa bisa yawan ginshikan amfani da wani batu.

Hudu shafi, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana da hudu kafafu. Yana da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a zamanin d Girkanci da kuma Roman gine a gina haikalin da kuma jama'a gine-gine. Mafi shahara hudu-shafi portico a cikin gine - shi ne arewa na White House a Amurka.

Shida-shafi Doric ado facades na gine-gine da kuma addini Tsarin zamanin tsohuwar Girka, kamar Haikalin Poseidon a Cape Sunium ko Haikalin Concordia a Agrigento. Wannan irin portico kuma amfani da su yi ado da wasu daga cikin Ibada a ionic style, kamar Erechtheion a Athens Acropolis. Bayan mulkin mallaka na kudancin yankunan Italiya ta Helenawa shi soma da Etruscans da Romawa. Yau, daya daga cikin mafi kyau kiyaye misalai na Roman shida-columned portico ne Mezon Karre a Faransa Nîmes. Kuma a St. Petersburg, Admiralty haimõmi yake kallon Neva embankment, za ka iya ganin gargajiya Rasha samfurori da wadannan gine-gine da abubuwa.

Octastyle - shi porticos hada da takwas hasumiyarki. Amfani da na gargajiya Greek gine, su ne quite rare, amma sun tsira irin gine-gine da data abubuwa, kamar yadda Roman pantheon, ko da Athenian Parthenon. Wannan irin porticoes akwai waɗanda ke ƙawata facade na Bolshoi wasan kwaikwayo a Moscow da kuma taron majalisar Krista gini a St. Petersburg.

Decastyle - shi ne, misali, da portico na New hermitage a St. Petersburg da kuma University College da ke London a goma ginshiƙai-goyon bayan.

City porticoes - Bologna

Idan duk sauran garuruwa da kasashe na ginin, ado da wannan kashi, kana bukatar ka duba, a Bologna, Italiya, cewa irin wannan portico, wani dan kasa ya san kuma gladly nuna maka yadda za a samu zuwa cikin gari. Game da 38 km na arcades located kawai a cikin tarihi cibiyar, kuma cloisters, porticoes ratsa cikin birni. Quite ban sha'awa shi ne, labarin da bayyanar. A na da Bologna ya quite kaifi batun tare da masana'antu da kuma wuraren kasuwanci. Jami'ai a lokacin ta fito da wani m m hanyar fita daga cikin halin da ake ciki: sun yanke shawarar fadada amfani yanki na gine-gine saboda kau da ɓangare na ƙasa a kan titi. Haka kuma, irin wannan layout na daban-daban kasuwanci da masana'antu a bude wuraren ja hankalin masu unguwa da baƙi. Da farko, su arches goyan bayan katakai, wanda aka sa'an nan maye gurbinsu da marmara da dutse goyon bayan. Da yawa daga cikinsu da ba kawai gine-gine amma kuma tarihi darajar.