Mene ne wani chiller? Ka'idar aiki da tsarin "chiller-fan-nada"

Quite da wuya a gane abin da yake a duniya. Kuma ya zama mai sana'a a duk yankunan da kimiyya da fasaha gaba ɗaya ba zai yiwu ba. Duk da haka, da layin na wajibi, domin ilimi dalilai, ko kawai don kara nasu sani, muna bukatar mu da sauri samun matsayin mai yawa bayanai game da duk wani na'ura, ko tsari a cikin wani sauki da kuma damar zuwa ba kwararru, a. A saboda wannan dalili akwai abin da ake kira "manual for dummies", wato, waɗanda suka bukatar sauri gane abin da yake a kan gungumen azaba da kuma yadda yake aiki. Bari mu bincika irin wannan sanarwa da manufa na aiki na naúra (for dummies).

Menene wannan

Chiller (ko chiller daban) - a naúrar domin samar da wani wucin gadi sanyi da kuma canja wurin shi zuwa dace coolant. A cikin rawar da irin wannan, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi hidima a fili ruwa, akalla - brine (gishiri bayani a ruwa). A etymology na kalmar da dangantaka da shi zuwa harshen Turanci, da fi'ili, don sanyi (Eng.) - sanyi, kuma an samu daga cikin suna ta chiller (Eng.) - mai sanyaya. A chiller iya zama na biyu daban-daban. Akwai tururi matsawa kuma sha chiller. Ka'idar aiki kowane daga cikinsu ya bambanta.

sanyi ko da yaushe

Babban aiki na wani refrigeration naúrar - da samun sanyi a wucin gadi yanayi, watau inda ba za a iya yi a kudi na halitta (free sanyaya). A fili yake cewa kwantar da ruwa a cikin hunturu, tare da mai zurfi net na titi, ba a cikin cellar. Amma abin da ya yi a lokacin rani a lokacin da yanayi zazzabi shi ne mafi girma fiye da zama dole domin mu? A nan ya zo da taimakon na naúra. Its aiki manufa dogara ne a kan yin amfani da musamman yanayin halitta ta wasu abubuwa (refrigerants). Bã su da ikon kawar da zafi daga wani matsakaici (watau sanyaya shi) a ruwan, ta motsa, kuma saki a gare shi a cikin wani yanayi daban-daban tare da sandaro. Lokacin da refrigeration sake zagayowar refrigerants irin wannan canji da zamani (tari) jiha daga ruwa zuwa gas da kuma mayar.

Heat exchangers

Duk wani refrigeration inji za a iya raba biyu zones: da low kuma high matsa lamba. Ko da kuwa da irin, a wani chiller zai zama ko da yaushe ba biyu zafi exchangers: da evaporator - a cikin low matsa lamba zone da capacitor - a high matsa lamba zone. Ba tare da wadannan biyu aka gyara daga cikin tsarin ba zai iya aiki da naúrar. Ka'idar aiki na irin wannan zafi exchangers dogara ne a kan thermal watsin (madugu), watau da canja wurin da zafi daga daya matsakaici zuwa wani ta hanyar rabuwa biyu, waɗannan, kafofin watsa labarai bango. Evaporator Chiller bada sanyi yi aiki daga cikin mabukaci da kuma capacitor da majalisa ta zauna ko jini zafi a cikin muhalli, ko aika shi zuwa ga dawo da (DHW dumama mataki na farko, mai tsanani benaye, da dai sauransu).

Yadda yake aiki

La'akari da wani misali tururi matsawa chiller. Ka'idar aiki na wannan wata refrigerating inji ne a rubuce dangane da Carnot sake zagayowar. A kwampreso qara gas matsa lamba a lokaci guda kiwon da yawan zafin jiki. A zafi gas a karkashin babban matsin an ciyar a cikin condenser inda shi ne da hannu a cikin zãfi musayar tare da wani matsakaici da ƙananan zazzabi. Yawancin lokaci, ko dai ruwa (brine) ko iska. Ga da gas da aka takaice a cikin wani ruwa a cikin abin da suka wuce haddi zafi ne saki, da kuma janye ciyar coolant haka daga mabukaci. Next, da ruwa ya shiga cikin throttling na'urar inda matsa lamba digo a cikin tsarin da daidai drop a zazzabi. Bayan nan, da Boiled partially a TPB (fadada bawul) ruwa an ciyar da kai tsaye zuwa evaporator, wanda shi ne ma wani muhimmin ɓangare na wani "chiller-fancoil" tsarin. Ka'idar aiki ne kama da evaporator condenser. A nan, zafi ne musayar tsakanin coolant (wanda daukawa sanyi da kuma a cikin fan nada) da kuma refrigerant, wanda ya fara tafasa da kuma ta haka Picks sama kadan daga wani matsakaici. Bayan iskar gas shiga evaporator ga kwampreso, da kuma sake zagayowar an maimaita.

Absorption chiller

The aiki na kwampreso a cikin tururi matsawa sake zagayowar ne m da wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, yanzu akwai kayan aiki don kauce wa wadannan kudi. La'akari da manufa na sha chiller. Maimakon haka shi yana amfani da wani kwampreso tsarin matsa lamba Yunƙurin a kan tushen da absorbent abu da zafi Madogararsa kawota daga waje. Irin wannan tushen iya zama zafi tururi, ruwan zafi, ko da thermal makamashi na konewa gas ko wasu habaka. Wannan makamashi ke da danshin ko barasan na absorbent a cikin tsari game da shi kara da refrigerant matsa lamba da kuma shi ake kawota ga condenser. Bugu da ari, tururi matsawa sake zagayowar aiki kamar wancan ne, kuma bayan da evaporator refrigerant gas kawota ga absorber zafi Exchanger, inda ta hadawa faruwa tare da absorbent. Kamar yadda amfani da absorbent ammonia (ammonia a ruwa-chiller) ko lithium bromide (ABHM lithium bromide).

A tsarin "chiller-fan-nada"

Ka'idar aiki dogara ne a kan shirye-shiryen da iska a cikin zãfi exchangers na musamman-closers, fan nada raka'a (daga kalmomi zuwa fan (Eng.) - fan kuma nada - nada), wanda aka sanya a cikin iska ducts a gaban kuma kalubalen rarraba a cikin dakin da za a yi aiki. Abũbuwan amfãni daga irin tsarin da tsakiyar iska-motsa jiki ne a kowane dakin iya taimaka daban-daban iska sigogi (zazzabi, zafi, motsi), dangane da manufar da gabatarwa da kuma zafi balance lissãfi. Kuma ko da iska tare da sabo iska saitin wani lokacin, sun shige ta closers domin ta karshe aiki, watau kamar a cikin "chiller-fan nada" manufa da aka bayyana a tsarin shi ne markedly daban-daban.